scholarly journals The first fossil skull of an anteater (Vermilingua, Myrmecophagidae) from northern South America, a taxonomic reassessment of Neotamandua and a discussion of the myrmecophagid diversification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Jiménez-Lara ◽  
Jhon González
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
South American ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
History Of The South ◽  
Species Inquirendae

AbstractThe evolutionary history of the South American anteaters, Vermilingua, is incompletely known as consequence of the fragmentary and geographically biased nature of the fossil record of this group. Neotamandua borealis is the only recorded extinct species from northern South America, specifically from the Middle Miocene of La Venta area, southwestern Colombia. A new genus and species of myrmecophagid for La Venta, Gen. et sp. nov., is here described based on a new partial skull. Additionally, given that the co-occurrent species of Gen. et sp. nov., N. borealis, was originally referred to as Neotamandua, the taxonomic status of this genus is revised. The morphological and taxonomic analyses of these taxa indicate that Gen. et sp. nov. may be related to Tamandua and that the justification of the generic assignments of the species referred to as Neotamandua is weak or insufficient. Two species previously referred to as Neotamandua (N. magna and N.? australis) were designated as species inquirendae and new diagnostic information for the redefined genus and its type species, N. conspicua, is provided. Together, these results suggest that the diversification of Myrmecophagidae was taxonomically and biogeographically more complex than what has been proposed so far. Considering the new evidence, it is proposed a synthetic model on the diversification of these xenartrans during the late Cenozoic based on the probable relationships between their intrinsic ecological constraints and some major abiotic changes in the Americas.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene echimyid rodents (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from northern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
THAIS M.F. FERREIRA ◽  
ADRIANA ITATI OLIVARES ◽  
LEONARDO KERBER ◽  
RODRIGO P. DUTRA ◽  
LEONARDO S. AVILLA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
South American ◽  
Squamate Reptiles ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Echimyidae (spiny rats, tree rats and the coypu) is the most diverse family of extant South American hystricognath rodents (caviomorphs). Today, they live in tropical forests (Amazonian, coastal and Andean forests), occasionally in more open xeric habitats in the Cerrado and Caatinga of northern South America, and open areas across the southern portion of the continent (Myocastor). The Quaternary fossil record of this family remains poorly studied. Here, we describe the fossil echimyids found in karst deposits from southern Tocantins, northern Brazil. The analyzed specimens are assigned to Thrichomys sp., Makalata cf. didelphoides and Proechimys sp. This is the first time that a fossil of Makalata is reported. The Pleistocene record of echimyids from this area is represented by fragmentary remains, which hinders their determination at specific levels. The data reported here contributes to the understanding of the ancient diversity of rodents of this region, evidenced until now in other groups, such as the artiodactyls, cingulates, carnivores, marsupials, and squamate reptiles.

Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽  
LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽  
CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽  
THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽  
MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild. 

New Neogene taxa of the tribe Chlamydini Teppner, 1922 (Pectinidae, Bivalvia) of southern South America

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (06) ◽  
pp. 1088-1104
Author(s):  
María B. Santelli ◽  
Claudia J. del Río
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Antarctic Circumpolar Current ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
Previous Proposal ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Middle Pliocene

AbstractThe Chilean species traditionally assigned to the genera Chlamys Röding, 1798 or Zygochlamys Ihering, 1907 are now placed in two new endemic South American taxa: Dietotenhosen n. gen. (middle Miocene–early middle Pliocene), to include the southeastern Pacific Ocean species D. hupeanus (Philippi, 1887) n. comb. and D. remondi (Philippi, 1887) n. comb., and Ckaraosippur n. gen. (earliest middle Miocene–Pliocene), for C. calderensis (Möricke, 1896) n. comb. (Chile) and C. camachoi n. sp. (Argentina). Both genera are the youngest survivors of the tribe Chlamydini in southern South America. None of them is related to the circumpolar genus Psychrochlamys Jonkers, 2003, and the previous proposal of the dispersal through the Antarctic Circumpolar Current for the species included herein in Dietotenhosen is rejected.UUID: http://zoobank.org/61b4bb50-321f-4b78-9069-609178ef0817

Taxonomic review of two fossil crocodylians from the Cenozoic of South America and its implications for the crocodylian fauna of the continent

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4656 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-486
Author(s):  
GIOVANNE M. CIDADE ◽  
DANIEL FORTIER ◽  
ASCANIO DANIEL RINCÓN ◽  
ANNIE SCHMALTZ HSIOU
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The World

The crocodylomorph fauna of the Cenozoic of South America is one of the richest and most diverse in the world. The most diverse group within that fauna is Alligatoroidea, with nearly all of its species belonging to the Caimaninae clade. Many of the fossil alligatoroid species from the Cenozoic of South America were proposed based on very incomplete remains, and as a result their validity requires revision. Two such species are Balanerodus logimus Langston, 1965, from the middle Miocene of Colombia and Peru, and Caiman venezuelensis Fortier & Rincón, 2012, from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Venezuela. This study has performed a thorough review of the taxonomic status of these two alligatoroid species, concluding that B. logimus is a nomen dubium and that Ca. venezuelensis is a junior synonym of the extant species Ca. crocodilus. This review offers a significantly more accurate scenario for alligatoroid diversity in the Cenozoic of South America in different epochs such as the Miocene and Pleistocene. Additionally, the record of Ca. crocodilus from the Pleistocene of Venezuela is the first fossil record that can be assigned to this species. 

scholarly journals Notes on the Life Cycle and Natural History of Dismorphia Virgo (Lepidoptera Pieridae: Dismorphiinae) in Costa Rica

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen M. Young
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Central American ◽  
South American ◽  
Species Status ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This paper summarizes the life cycle and some aspects of natural history of the tropical pierid, Dismorphia virgo (Dismorphiinae) in Costa Rica. The precise taxonomic status of the butterfly in Central America has not been established, and it may represent a variable northern isolate of the common South American D. critomedia. Therefore, independent of whether the Central American form discussed in this paper has achieved full species status as the more northern virgo or is a subspecies or variety of critomedia evolving towards species status, this paper provides new information on the biology of the butterfly in Costa Rica. The establishment of precise taxonomic position awaits further study, and for the present purpose, I refer to the butterfly as D. virgo.

A new species ofCinclodesfrom the Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil: insights into the biogeographical history of the South American highlands

Ibis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme H. S. Freitas ◽  
Anderson V. Chaves ◽  
Lílian M. Costa ◽  
Fabrício R. Santos ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The South ◽  
A New Species

scholarly journals A high-resolution history of the South American Monsoon from Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir F. Novello ◽  
Francisco W. Cruz ◽  
Mathias Vuille ◽  
Nicolás M. Stríkis ◽  
R. Lawrence Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The South

Cutaneous Myiasis from Panama, South America: Case Report and Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia T. Ting ◽  
Benjamin Barankin
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
South America ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
South American ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Group B ◽  
Streptococcus A ◽  
Increasing Trends

Background: Myiasis is a cutaneous infestation with larvae of Diptera, the two-winged arthropod order. Eggs and/or larvae are transmitted directly from the environment or via arthropod vectors. Larvae are able to burrow into the dermis of intact skin or external body orifices. Three clinical variants of myiasis are furuncular, migratory (creeping), and infestation of wounds. Methods: A 35-year-old male presented with a 1-month history of worsening furuncles on the left knee and posterior thigh following his return from Panama, South America. Clinical examination revealed tender 6 cm and 2 cm erythematous to violaceous furuncles with surrounding desquamation and central puncta draining serosanguinous fluid. Five-millimeter punch biopsies and tissue swabs were performed. Results: All larvae were of the Dermatobia hominis species. The patient was empirically treated with cephalexin and ciprofloxacin for secondary bacterial cellulitis. Tissue swabs later cultured group B streptococcus. A tetanus booster was recommended. Conclusion: This case report describes a relatively rare cutaneous infestation with D. hominis, a Central and South American endemic larva of the human botfly. Increasing trends toward immigration and global travel to tropical and subtropic areas will likely increase the frequency of encounters with such parasitic cutaneous infestations in North American outpatient dermatology clinics.

Evolutionary History of the South American Mistletoe Tripodanthus (Loranthaceae) Using Nuclear and Plastid Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo C. Amico ◽  
Romina Vidal-Russell ◽  
Miguel A. Garcia ◽  
Daniel L. Nickrent
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plastid Markers ◽  
History Of The South
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