scholarly journals Genome Elimination Mediated by Gene Expression from a Selfish Chromosome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dalla Benetta ◽  
Igor Antoshechkin ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Hoa Quang My Nguyen ◽  
Patrick M. Ferree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hereditary Material ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Paternal Sex Ratio

AbstractNumerous plants and animals harbor selfish B chromosomes that “drive,” or transmit themselves at higher-than-Mendelian frequencies, despite long-term fitness costs to the organism. Currently it is unknown how B chromosome drive is mediated, and whether B-gene expression plays a role. We used modern sequencing technologies to analyze the fine-scale sequence composition and expression of Paternal Sex Ratio (PSR), a B chromosome in the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis. PSR causes female-to-male conversion by destroying the sperm’s hereditary material in young embryos in order to drive. Using RNA interference, we show that testis-specific expression of a PSR-linked gene, named haploidizer, facilitates this genome elimination-and-sex conversion effect. Haploidizer shares homology with a gene in Candidatus cardinium, a bacterial symbiont that also induces genome elimination in its insect host.One Sentence Summaryhaploidizer mediates B chromosome drive

scholarly journals Genome elimination mediated by gene expression from a selfish chromosome

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. eaaz9808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dalla Benetta ◽  
Igor Antoshechkin ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Hoa Quang My Nguyen ◽  
Patrick M. Ferree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Hereditary Material ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Paternal Sex Ratio

Numerous plants and animals harbor selfish B chromosomes that “drive” or transmit themselves at super-Mendelian frequencies, despite long-term fitness costs to the organism. Currently, it is unknown how B chromosome drive is mediated, and whether B-gene expression plays a role. We used modern sequencing technologies to analyze the fine-scale sequence composition and expression of paternal sex ratio (PSR), a B chromosome in the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis. PSR causes female-to-male conversion by destroying the sperm’s hereditary material in young embryos to drive. Using RNA interference, we demonstrate that testis-specific expression of a PSR-linked gene, named haploidizer, facilitates this genome elimination–and–sex conversion effect. haploidizer encodes a putative protein with a DNA binding domain, suggesting a functional link with the sperm-derived chromatin.

Drosophila Male-Specific Lethal 2 Protein Controls Sex-Specific Expression of the roX Genes

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1825-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara P Rattner ◽  
Victoria H Meller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Specific Lethal ◽  
Msl Complex ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Rox Rna

Abstract The MSL complex of Drosophila upregulates transcription of the male X chromosome, equalizing male and female X-linked gene expression. Five male-specific lethal proteins and at least one of the two noncoding roX RNAs are essential for this process. The roX RNAs are required for the localization of MSL complexes to the X chromosome. Although the mechanisms directing targeting remain speculative, the ratio of MSL protein to roX RNA influences localization of the complex. We examine the transcriptional regulation of the roX genes and show that MSL2 controls male-specific roX expression in the absence of any other MSL protein. We propose that this mechanism maintains a stable MSL/roX ratio that is favorable for localization of the complex to the X chromosome.

scholarly journals Karyotype stability and unbiased fractionation in the paleo-allotetraploidCucurbitagenomes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghe Sun ◽  
Shan Wu ◽  
Guoyu Zhang ◽  
Chen Jiao ◽  
Shaogui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Karyotype Stability

AbstractTheCucurbitagenus contains several economically important species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Interspecific hybrids betweenC. maximaandC. moschataare widely used as rootstocks for other cucurbit crops. We report high-quality genome sequences ofC. maximaandC. moschataand provide evidence supporting an allotetraploidization event inCucurbita. We are able to partition the genome into two homoeologous subgenomes based on different genetic distances to melon, cucumber and watermelon in the Benincaseae tribe. We estimate that the two diploid progenitors successively diverged from Benincaseae around 31 and 26 million years ago (Mya), and the allotetraploidization happened earlier than 3 Mya, whenC. maximaandC. moschatadiverged. The subgenomes have largely maintained the chromosome structures of their diploid progenitors. Such long-term karyotype stability after polyploidization is uncommon in plant polyploids. The two subgenomes have retained similar numbers of genes, and neither subgenome is globally dominant in gene expression. Allele-specific expression analysis in theC. maxima×C. moschatainterspecific F1hybrid and the two parents indicates the predominance oftrans-regulatory effects underlying expression divergence of the parents, and detects transgressive gene expression changes in the hybrid correlated with heterosis in important agronomic traits. Our study provides insights into plant genome evolution and valuable resources for genetic improvement of cucurbit crops.

Regulation of plant gene expression

1986 ◽  
Vol 314 (1166) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Seed Protein Genes

Differential gene expression is required to establish and maintain specific developmental states in higher plants. For example, an anther has at least 11000 diverse mRNAs that are absent from the polysomes of other organ systems, and the root has at least 7000 organ-specific mRNAs. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes regulate the sequence composition and prevalence distribution of each developmental-specific mRNA set. Soybean seed protein genes represent an excellent example of a highly regulated gene set. These genes are temporally and spatially regulated during embryogenesis, and are either inactive or expressed at low levels in mature plant organ systems. Gene transfer experiments indicate that soybean seed protein genes retain their developmental-specific expression programme in transformed tobacco plants. In addition, large polygenic clusters can be transferred from soybean to tobacco, and the expression pattern of each gene within the cluster is maintained in the foreign cell environment. Although the DNA sequences and cellular factors required to control seed protein gene expression are not yet known, gene transfer studies and emerging DNA binding protein technology should facilitate their identification in the near future.

Long term dietary intake of aromatic amino acids are associated with leptin gene expression in adipose tissues of non-diabetic adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Emad Yuzbashian ◽  
Maryam Zarkesh ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissues

Stage 1 Registered Report Manuscript - Transcriptional Correlates of Savings Memory: Is Forgetting Due to Decay or Retrieval Failure?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Calin-Jageman ◽  
Irina Calin-Jageman ◽  
Tania Rosiles ◽  
Melissa Nguyen ◽  
Annette Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Retrieval Failure ◽  
Initial Learning ◽  
Rigorous Test ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Weak Similarity

[[This is a Stage 1 Registered Report manuscript. The project was submitted for review to eNeuro. Upon revision and acceptance, this version of the manuscript was pre-registered on the OSF (9/11/2019, https://osf.io/fqh8j) (but due to an oversight not posted as a preprint until July 2020). A Stage 2 manuscript is now posted as a pre-print (https://psyarxiv.com/h59jv) and is under review at eNeuro. A link to the final Stage 2 manuscript will be added when available.]]There is fundamental debate about the nature of forgetting: some have argued that it represents the decay of the memory trace, others that the memory trace persists but becomes inaccessible due to retrieval failure. These different accounts of forgetting make different predictions about savings memory, the rapid re-learning of seemingly forgotten information. If forgetting is due to decay then savings requires re-encoding and should thus involve the same mechanisms as initial learning. If forgetting is due to retrieval-failure then savings should be mechanistically distinct from encoding. In this registered report we conducted a pre-registered and rigorous test between these accounts of forgetting. Specifically, we used microarray to characterize the transcriptional correlates of a new memory (1 day from training), a forgotten memory (8 days from training), and a savings memory (8 days from training but with a reminder on day 7 to evoke a long-term savings memory) for sensitization in Aplysia californica (n = 8 samples/group). We find that the transcriptional correlates of savings are [highly similar / somewhat similar / unique] relative to new (1-day-old) memories. Specifically, savings memory and a new memory share [X] of [Y] regulated transcripts, show [strong / moderate / weak] similarity in sets of regulated transcripts, and show [r] correlation in regulated gene expression, which is [substantially / somewhat / not at all] stronger than at forgetting. Overall, our results suggest that forgetting represents [decay / retrieval-failure / mixed mechanisms].

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