scholarly journals Molecular and histologic outcomes following spinal cord injury in spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Streeter ◽  
M.D. Sunshine ◽  
J.O. Brant ◽  
M. A.G.W. Sandoval ◽  
M. Maden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Gene Arrays ◽  
Acomys Cahirinus ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Comparative Model ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Spinal Inflammation

AbstractThe spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) appears to be unique among mammals by showing little scarring or fibrosis after skin or muscle injury, but the Acomys response to spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that Acomys would have molecular and immunohistochemical evidence of reduced spinal inflammation and fibrosis following SCI as compared to C57BL/6 mice (Mus), which similar to all mammals studied to date exhibits spinal scarring following SCI. Initial experiments used two pathway-focused RT-PCR gene arrays (“wound healing” and “neurogenesis”) to evaluate tissue samples from the C2-C6 spinal cord 3-days after a C3/C4 hemi-crush injury (C3Hc). Based on the gene array, specific genes were selected for RT-qPCR evaluation using species-specific primers. The results supported our hypothesis by showing increased inflammation and fibrosis related gene expression (Serpine 1, Plau, Timp1) in Mus as compared to Acomys (P<0.05). RT-qPCR also showed enhanced stem cell and axonal guidance related gene expression (Bmp2, GDNF, Shh) in Acomys compared to Mus (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical evaluation of the spinal lesion at 4-wks post-injury indicated reduced collagen IV immunostaining in Acomys (P<0.05). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(IBA1) immunostaining indicated morphological differences in the appearance of astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in Acomys. Collectively, the molecular and histologic results support the hypothesis that Acomys has reduced spinal inflammation and fibrosis following SCI. We suggest that Acomys may be a useful comparative model to study adaptive responses to SCI.HighlightsSpiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) and C57BL/6 (Mus) were studied after spinal injuryRT-PCR gene arrays suggested different molecular response in AcomysRTq-PCR with species-specific primers showed increased neurogenesis-related signalingHistology indicates reduced scarring and fibrosis in AcomysAcomys may be a useful comparative model to study SCI

Expression of two temporally distinct microglia-related gene clusters after spinal cord injury

Glia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Byrnes ◽  
Jorge Garay ◽  
Simone Di Giovanni ◽  
Andrea De Biase ◽  
Susan M. Knoblach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Molecular and histologic outcomes following spinal cord injury in spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus

2019 ◽  
Vol 528 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi A. Streeter ◽  
Michael D. Sunshine ◽  
Jason O. Brant ◽  
Aaron G. W. Sandoval ◽  
Malcolm Maden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Acomys Cahirinus ◽  
Spiny Mice ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture on the Daily Rhythmicity of Intestinal Movement and Circadian Rhythmicity of Colonic Per2 Expression in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Xueqiang Wang ◽  
Jiabao Guo ◽  
Yujie Yang ◽  
Wenyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Bowel Dysfunction ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Movement ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Daily Rhythmicity ◽  
Efflux Time

Background. Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to bowel dysfunction. Electroacupuncture (EA) may improve bowel function. Objective. To assess EA on daily rhythmicity of intestinal movement and circadian rhythmicity of colonic Per2 expression in rats with SCI. Methods. Rats were randomized to the sham, SCI, and SCI+EA groups. EA was performed at bilateral Zusanli point (ST36) during daytime (11:00–11:30) for 14 days following SCI. Intestinal transit and daily rhythmicity of intestinal movement were assessed. Circadian rhythmicity of colonic Per2 expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Results. EA shortened the stool efflux time and increased the dry fecal weight within 24 h in SCI rats. Daily rhythmicity of intestinal movements was unaffected by SCI. The expression of colonic Per2 peaked at 20:00 and the nadir was observed at 8:00 in the SCI and sham groups. In the SCI+EA group, colonic Per2 expression peaked at 12:00 and 20:00, and the nadir was observed at 8:00. Conclusion. SCI did not change the circadian rhythmicity of colonic Per2 expression in rats, and daily intestinal movement rhythmicity was retained. EA changed the daily rhythmicity of intestinal movement and the circadian rhythmicity of colonic Per2 expression in rats with SCI, increasing Per2 expression shortly after EA treatment.

scholarly journals Plasticity Related Gene 3 (PRG3) overcomes myelin-associated growth inhibition and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury

Aging ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2463-2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Broggini ◽  
Lisa Schnell ◽  
Ali Ghoochani ◽  
José María Mateos ◽  
Michael Buchfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals The MAPK Signaling Pathway Presents Novel Molecular Targets for Therapeutic Intervention after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Comparative Cross-Species Transcriptional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12934
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian ◽  
Cindy Zhou ◽  
Sabah Kahnemuyipour ◽  
James Hong ◽  
Michael G. Fehlings
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Species Specific

Despite the debilitating consequences following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of safe and effective therapeutics in the clinic. The species-specific responses to SCI present major challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation of biomolecular and pharmacological interventions. Recent transcriptional analyses in preclinical SCI studies have provided a snapshot of the local SCI-induced molecular responses in different animal models. However, the variation in the pathogenesis of traumatic SCI across species is yet to be explored. This study aims to identify and characterize the common and inconsistent SCI-induced differentially expressed genes across species to identify potential therapeutic targets of translational relevance. A comprehensive search of open-source transcriptome datasets identified four cross-compatible microarray experiments in rats, mice, and salamanders. We observed consistent expressional changes in extracellular matrix components across the species. Conversely, salamanders showed downregulation of intracellular MAPK signaling compared to rodents. Additionally, sequence conservation and interactome analyses highlighted the well-preserved sequences of Fn1 and Jun with extensive protein-protein interaction networks. Lastly, in vivo immunohistochemical staining for fibronectin was used to validate the observed expressional pattern. These transcriptional changes in extracellular and MAPK pathways present potential therapeutic targets for traumatic SCI with promising translational relevance.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus on Tomato in Syria

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad M Hasan ◽  
Nidà Mohammed Salem ◽  
Imad D. Ismail ◽  
Insaf Akel ◽  
Ahmad Y Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Total Rna Extraction

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide. In spring and autumn 2017, virus-like symptoms were observed on greenhouse grown tomato plants in the east of Akkar plain (south of coastal region, Tartous governorate, Syria). These symptoms were: mild to severe mosaic on the apical leaves, brown necrosis on sepals, receptacle and flower’s cluster carrier, and severe symptoms of brown rugose and discoloration on fruit. During next growing seasons, disease spread was observed in most of Syrian coastal region with disease incidence ranged from 40% to 70% by 2020. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) was suspected as a main causal agent of the disease, especially since its first report in Jordan, a neighboring country (Salem et al. 2016), Palestine (Alkowni et al. 2019), Turkey (Fidan et al. 2019), Germany (Menzel et al. 2019), Italy (Panno et al. 2019), America (Camacho-Beltrán et al. 2019), Egypt (Amer and Mahmoud, 2020), and recently in Spain (Alfaro-Fernandez et al. 2021). In November and December 2020, seventy-one leaf samples from symptomatic plants (59 from Tartous and 12 from Lattakia governorates) and seven from asymptomatic ones (5 from Tartous and 2 from Lattakia) were collected and tested for the presence of ToBRFV by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), using ToBRFV-commercial kit (LOEWE® Biochemia, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Results showed, forty-three of symptomatic samples reacted positively (38 in Tartous and 5 in Lattakia) and none of asymptomatic ones. On the other hand, sap mechanical inoculation of 10 tomato cv. Mandaloun F1 (Enza Zaden, the Netherlands) plants using a positive tomato isolate gave systemic mosaic symptoms in all plants identical to those observed in the original plants in the field, after 13 days of inoculation, and necrotic local lesions on 10 plants of Nicotiana tabacum after 5 days, indicating the presence of a tobamovirus in general. ToBRFV infection was confirmed in all mechanically-inoculated plants by DAS-ELISA. Further tests were necessary to investigate ToBRFV presence, because of its serological relationships with another tobamoviruses. Six representative symptomatic samples (ELISA-positive) and two asymptomatic (ELISA-negative) samples were subjected to total RNA extraction using the SV-Total RNA Extraction kit (Promega, U.S.A.) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were tested by two-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using species-specific primers and protocols for most common tomato-infecting viruses, including: tomato chlorosis virus and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (Dovas et al. 2002), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato torrado virus (Wieczorek et al. 2013), alfalfa mosaic virus (Parrella et al. 2000), tomato spotted wilt virus (Salem et al. 2012) and a pair of primers: ToBRFV-F2 (5’-CATATCTCTCGACACCAGTAAAAGGACCCG-3’) and ToBRFV-R2 (5’-TCCGAGTATAGGAAGACTCTGGTTGGTC-3’) targeting a region of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), of the ToBRFV genome (KT383474; Salem et al. 2016). First-strand cDNA synthesis was carried out using Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (M-MLV RT; Promega) and random primer according to the manufacturer's protocol, then followed by PCR with the seven species-specific primers. Only ToBRFV was detected among all tested viruses in symptomatic samples (ELISA-positive), and none of the tested viruses was detected in the asymptomatic plants. To confirm the presence of ToBRFV, two selected RdRp-specific PCR amplicons (872 bp) were purified and ligated into pGEM T-Easy Vector (Promega), and three clones were sequenced (GenBank accession nos. MZ447794 to 96). BLASTn analysis showed that the nucleotide sequences are 99.77-100% identical and shared around 99% identity to RdRp of ToBRFV isolate (MT118666) from Turkey available in the GenBank. Accordingly, the presence of ToBRFV was confirmed by bioassays on indicator plants, DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, and further sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToBRFV infecting tomato in Syria, and this requires special emphasis for further investigations because of the virus severity, easy transmission ability and absent of commercial resistance varieties till now.

scholarly journals African Spiny Mice as a Comparative Model of Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Orr ◽  
William Bailey ◽  
Kirsten Richards ◽  
Timothy Kopper ◽  
Ashley Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Injury Repair ◽  
Spiny Mice ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Comparative Model
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