scholarly journals Automated analysis of sleep in adult C. elegans with closed-loop assessment of state-dependent neural activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Lawler ◽  
Yee Lian Chew ◽  
Josh D. Hawk ◽  
Ahmad Aljobeh ◽  
William R. Schafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Genetic Perturbations

AbstractSleep, a state of quiescence associated with growth and restorative processes, is conserved across species. Invertebrates including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibit sleep-like states during development and periods of satiety and stress. Here we describe two methods to study behavior and associated neural activity during sleep and awake states in adult C. elegans. A large microfluidic device facilitates population-wide assessment of long-term sleep behavior over 12 h, including effects of fluid flow, oxygen, feeding, odors, and genetic perturbations. Smaller devices allow simultaneous recording of sleep behavior and neuronal activity, and a closed-loop sleep detection system delivers chemical stimuli to individual animals to assess sleep-dependent changes to neural responses. Sleep increased the arousal threshold to aversive chemical stimulation, yet sensory neuron (ASH) and first-layer interneuron (AIB) responses were unchanged. This localizes adult sleep-dependent neuromodulation within interneurons presynaptic to the AVA premotor interneurons, rather than afferent sensory circuits.

scholarly journals Simultaneous recording of behavioral and neural responses of free-moving nematodes C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 101011
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Sato ◽  
Hirofumi Kunitomo ◽  
Xianfeng Fei ◽  
Koichi Hashimoto ◽  
Yuichi Iino
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Analysis of an open source, closed-loop, realtime system for hippocampal sharp-wave ripple disruption

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayok Dutta ◽  
Etienne Ackermann ◽  
Caleb Kemere
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Realtime System

AbstractTransient neural activity pervades hippocampal electrophysiological activity. During more quiescent states, brief ≈100 ms periods comprising large ≈150–250 Hz oscillations known as sharp-wave ripples (SWR) which co-occur with ensemble bursts of spiking activity, are regularly found in local field potentials recorded from area CA1. SWRs and their concomitant neural activity are thought to be important for memory consolidation, recall, and memory-guided decision making. Temporally-selective manipulations of hippocampal neural activity upon online hippocampal SWR detection have been used as causal evidence of the importance of SWR for mnemonic process as evinced by behavioral and/or physiological changes. However, though this approach is becoming more wide spread, the performance trade-offs involved in building a SWR detection and disruption system have not been explored, limiting the design and interpretation of SWR detection experiments. We present an open source, plug-and-play, online ripple detection system with a detailed performance characterization. Our system has been constructed to interface with an open source software platform, Trodes, and two hardware acquisition platforms, Open Ephys and SpikeGadgets. We show that our in vivo results — approximately 80% detection latencies falling in between ≈20–66 ms with ≈2 ms closed-loop latencies while maintaining <10 false detections per minute — are dependent upon both algorithmic trade-offs and acquisition hardware. We discuss strategies to improve detection accuracy and potential limitations of online ripple disruptions. By characterizing this system in detail, we present a template for analyzing other closed-loop neural detection and perturbation systems. Thus, we anticipate our modular, open source, realtime system will facilitate a wide range of carefully-designed causal closed-loop neuroscience experiments.

scholarly journals Area-specific thalamocortical synchronization underlies the transition from motor planning to execution

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. e2012658118
Author(s):  
Abdulraheem Nashef ◽  
Rea Mitelman ◽  
Ran Harel ◽  
Mati Joshua ◽  
Yifat Prut
Keyword(s):  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Motor Thalamus

We studied correlated firing between motor thalamic and cortical cells in monkeys performing a delayed-response reaching task. Simultaneous recording of thalamocortical activity revealed that around movement onset, thalamic cells were positively correlated with cell activity in the primary motor cortex but negatively correlated with the activity of the premotor cortex. The differences in the correlation contrasted with the average neural responses, which were similar in all three areas. Neuronal correlations reveal functional cooperation and opposition between the motor thalamus and distinct motor cortical areas with specific roles in planning vs. performing movements. Thus, by enhancing and suppressing motor and premotor firing, the motor thalamus can facilitate the transition from a motor plan to execution.

scholarly journals Multiple states in ongoing neural activity in the rat visual cortex

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256791
Author(s):  
Daichi Konno ◽  
Shinji Nishimoto ◽  
Takafumi Suzuki ◽  
Yuji Ikegaya ◽  
Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Visual Cortices ◽  
Freely Behaving

The brain continuously produces internal activity in the absence of afferently salient sensory input. Spontaneous neural activity is intrinsically defined by circuit structures and associated with the mode of information processing and behavioral responses. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of spontaneous activity in the visual cortices of behaving animals remain almost elusive. Using a custom-made electrode array, we recorded 32-site electrocorticograms in the primary and secondary visual cortex of freely behaving rats and determined the propagation patterns of spontaneous neural activity. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering revealed multiple discrete states of the activity patterns. The activity remained stable in one state and suddenly jumped to another state. The diversity and dynamics of the internally switching cortical states would imply flexibility of neural responses to various external inputs.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Neural Interfaces for Closed-Loop Control of Neural Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. R. Chapman ◽  
Noah Goshi ◽  
Erkin Seker
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control

scholarly journals Olfaction Modulates Early Neural Responses to Matching Visual Objects

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Robinson ◽  
Judith Reinhard ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Matter Concentration

Sensory information is initially registered within anatomically and functionally segregated brain networks but is also integrated across modalities in higher cortical areas. Although considerable research has focused on uncovering the neural correlates of multisensory integration for the modalities of vision, audition, and touch, much less attention has been devoted to understanding interactions between vision and olfaction in humans. In this study, we asked how odors affect neural activity evoked by images of familiar visual objects associated with characteristic smells. We employed scalp-recorded EEG to measure visual ERPs evoked by briefly presented pictures of familiar objects, such as an orange, mint leaves, or a rose. During presentation of each visual stimulus, participants inhaled either a matching odor, a nonmatching odor, or plain air. The N1 component of the visual ERP was significantly enhanced for matching odors in women, but not in men. This is consistent with evidence that women are superior in detecting, discriminating, and identifying odors and that they have a higher gray matter concentration in olfactory areas of the OFC. We conclude that early visual processing is influenced by olfactory cues because of associations between odors and the objects that emit them, and that these associations are stronger in women than in men.

Neural responses during down-regulation of negative emotion in patients with recently diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hanne Lie Kjærstad ◽  
Julian Macoveanu ◽  
Gitte Moos Knudsen ◽  
Sophia Frangou ◽  
K. Luan Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Down Regulation

Abstract Background Aberrant emotion regulation has been posited as a putative endophenotype of bipolar disorder (BD). We therefore aimed to compare the neural responses during voluntary down-regulation of negative emotions in a large functional magnetic resonance imaging study of BD, patients' unaffected first-degree relatives (URs), and healthy controls (HCs). Methods We compared neural activity and fronto-limbic functional connectivity during emotion regulation in response to aversive v. neutral pictures in patients recently diagnosed with BD (n = 78) in full/partial remission, their URs (n = 35), and HCs (n = 56). Results Patients showed hypo-activity in the left dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DMPFC and DLPFC) during emotion regulation while viewing aversive pictures compared to HCs, with URs displaying intermediate neural activity in these regions. There were no significant differences between patients with BD and HCs in functional connectivity from the amygdala during emotion regulation. However, exploratory analysis indicated that URs displayed more negative amygdala–DMPFC coupling compared with HCs and more negative amygdala-cingulate DLPFC coupling compared to patients with BD. At a behavioral level, patients and their URs were less able to dampen negative emotions in response aversive pictures. Conclusions The findings point to deficient recruitment of prefrontal resources and more negative fronto-amygdala coupling as neural markers of impaired emotion regulation in recently diagnosed remitted patients with BD and their URs, respectively.

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