scholarly journals Environmental reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Ruaha region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma R. Travis ◽  
Yujiun Hung ◽  
David Porter ◽  
Goodluck Paul ◽  
Robert James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Household Dust ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Ruaha National Park

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to investigate the prevalence of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in the environment of pastoralists and villagers in the Iringa district, adjacent to the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania. Utilising specific qPCR assays, both Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected in cattle faeces, boma soil, water and household dust. M. bovis was also found in goat faeces and goat boma soil. This is the first report of faecal shedding of M. bovis in goats and the first molecular survey of faecal shedding in cattle. The prevalence of both bacterial species varied by village, area, season and sample type. Geographical and temporal correlations across sample types were suggestive of cross species transmission. This non-invasive test has previously been rigorously validated for screening other mammals; in this study it has successfully been applied to detect M. bovis and M. tuberculosis in livestock faeces and the environment.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples in a hospital-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1617-23
Author(s):  
Kalal Iravathy Goud ◽  
Matam Kavitha ◽  
Adi Mahalakshmi ◽  
Ravi Vempati ◽  
Abdulaziz A Alodhayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Keywords Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Fluid

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a deadly infectious disease. India contributes to one-third of the global TB burden. However, no studies have been carried out in the Telangana (Hyderabad) population using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Therefore, the current study evaluated the role of RT-PCR as a rapid and non-invasive test to diagnose TB by testing for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tubercu- losis (EPTB). Materials and methods: This hospital-based study examined 1670 samples (900 EPTB; 770 PTB) comprising tissue (n = 537), peritoneal fluid (n = 420), sputum (n = 166), bronchial fluid (n = 126), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 145), ascetic fluid (n = 76), sputum pus (n = 78), urine (n = 79), and bronchoalveolar fluid (n = 43) samples. DNA from samples was separated using specific isolation kits and subjected to RT-PCR. Results: In this study, we enrolled 1670 subjects and categorized 54.4% as females and 45.6% as males. The collected sam- ples were categorized as 48.5% of fluid samples, followed by tissue (32.2%), sputum (9.9%), urine (4.7%), and pus-swab (4.6%). RT-PCR analysis revealed that 4.7% patients were positive for Mtb. Our results revealed that 61% of the affected patients were male and 39% were female. Among the specimen types, tissue samples gave the highest proportion of positive results (36.3%). Conclusion: The results showed that RT-PCR should be implemented and given top priority in TB diagnosis to save time and facilitate a definitive diagnosis. Tissue samples are highly recommended to screen the Mtb through the technique RT- PCR. Future studies should extend the technique to the global population and exome sequencing analysis should be per- formed to identify TB risk markers. Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB); EPTB; PTB; Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).

Implementation of a novel non-invasive test for monitoring control in individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Bacila ◽  
Carlo L Acerini ◽  
Ruth E Krone ◽  
Leena Patel ◽  
Sabah Alvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test

Fractional Flow Reserve: Does a Cut-off Value add Value?

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Shah R Mohdnazri ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Thomas R Keeble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Flow Reserve ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
A Value ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Value Add

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been shown to improve outcomes when used to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There have been two proposed cut-off points for FFR. The first was derived by comparing FFR against a series of non-invasive tests, with a value of ≤0.75 shown to predict a positive ischaemia test. It was then shown in the DEFER study that a vessel FFR value of ≥0.75 was associated with safe deferral of PCI. During the validation phase, a ‘grey zone’ for FFR values of between 0.76 and 0.80 was demonstrated, where a positive non-invasive test may still occur, but sensitivity and specificity were sub-optimal. Clinical judgement was therefore advised for values in this range. The FAME studies then moved the FFR cut-off point to ≤0.80, with a view to predicting outcomes. The ≤0.80 cut-off point has been adopted into clinical practice guidelines, whereas the lower value of ≤0.75 is no longer widely used. Here, the authors discuss the data underpinning these cut-off values and the practical implications for their use when using FFR guidance in PCI.

A non-invasive test for endometriosis based on a panel of plasma microRNAs

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. e267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vanhie ◽  
Y. El-Aalamat ◽  
D. O ◽  
D.P. Peterse ◽  
C. Meuleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test

scholarly journals Protection Elicited by Two Glutamine Auxotrophs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and In Vivo Growth Phenotypes of the Four Unique Glutamine Synthetase Mutants in a Murine Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 6491-6495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunhee Lee ◽  
Bo-Young Jeon ◽  
Svetoslav Bardarov ◽  
Mei Chen ◽  
Sheldon L. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutants ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
In Vivo Growth ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunization

ABSTRACT We generated four individual glutamine synthetase (GS) mutants (ΔglnA1, ΔglnA2, ΔglnA3, and ΔglnA4) and one triple mutant (ΔglnA1EA2) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to investigate the roles of GS enzymes. Subcutaneous immunization with the ΔglnA1EA2 and ΔglnA1 glutamine auxotrophic mutants conferred protection on C57BL/6 mice against an aerosol challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis, which was comparable to that provided by Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination.

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