scholarly journals Double asymmetric percolation drives a quadruple transition in sexual contact networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Zheng ◽  
Xiangrui Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Graph Structure ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Percolation Process ◽  
Contact Networks ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Scale Free Networks ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Asymmetric Factor ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractSince 2007, ZIKV outbreaks have been occurring around the world. While ZIKV is mainly spread by mosquito vectors, transmission via sex activities enables the virus to spread in regions without mosquito vectors. Modeling the patterns of ZIKV outbreak in these regions remain challenging. We consider age as an asymmetric factor in transmitting ZIKV, in addition to gender as seen in previous literature, and modify the graph structure for better modeling of such patterns. We derived our results by both solving the underlying differential equations and simulation on population graph. Based on a double asymmetric percolation process on sexual contact networks. we discovered a quadruple ZIKV epidemic transition. Moreover, we explored the double asymmetric percolation on scale-free networks. Our work provides more insight into the ZIKV transmission dynamics through sexual contact networks, which may potentially provide better public health control and prevention means in a ZIKV outbreak.

scholarly journals Asymmetric percolation drives a double transition in sexual contact networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. 8969-8973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Allard ◽  
Benjamin M. Althouse ◽  
Samuel V. Scarpino ◽  
Laurent Hébert-Dufresne
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Description ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Random Networks ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Percolation Process ◽  
Contact Networks ◽  
Double Transition ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Males And Females

Zika virus (ZIKV) exhibits unique transmission dynamics in that it is concurrently spread by a mosquito vector and through sexual contact. Due to the highly asymmetric durations of infectiousness between males and females—it is estimated that males are infectious for periods up to 10 times longer than females—we show that this sexual component of ZIKV transmission behaves akin to an asymmetric percolation process on the network of sexual contacts. We exactly solve the properties of this asymmetric percolation on random sexual contact networks and show that this process exhibits two epidemic transitions corresponding to a core–periphery structure. This structure is not present in the underlying contact networks, which are not distinguishable from random networks, and emerges because of the asymmetric percolation. We provide an exact analytical description of this double transition and discuss the implications of our results in the context of ZIKV epidemics. Most importantly, our study suggests a bias in our current ZIKV surveillance, because the community most at risk is also one of the least likely to get tested.

scholarly journals A thermostatistical approach to scale-free networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550070
Author(s):  
João P. da Cruz ◽  
Nuno A. M. Araújo ◽  
Frank Raischel ◽  
Pedro G. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Nonequilibrium Systems ◽  
Exact Relation ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Scale Free Networks ◽  
Growing Networks ◽  
Insight Into

We describe an ensemble of growing scale-free networks in an equilibrium framework, providing insight into why the exponent of empirical scale-free networks in nature is typically robust. In an analogy to thermostatistics, to describe the canonical and microcanonical ensembles, we introduce a functional, whose maximum corresponds to a scale-free configuration. We then identify the equivalents to energy, Zeroth-law, entropy and heat capacity for scale-free networks. Discussing the merging of scale-free networks, we also establish an exact relation to predict their final "equilibrium" degree exponent. All analytic results are complemented with Monte Carlo simulations. Our approach illustrates the possibility to apply the tools of equilibrium statistical physics to study the properties of growing networks, and it also supports the recent arguments on the complementarity between equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems.

Effects of packet retransmission with finite packet lifetime on traffic capacity in scale-free networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Yuan Jiang ◽  
Jian-Feng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Routing ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Global Dynamic ◽  
Routing Table ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Scale Free Networks ◽  
Packet Retransmission ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Real Complex

Existing routing strategies such as the global dynamic routing [X. Ling, M. B. Hu, R. Jiang and Q. S. Wu, Phys. Rev. E 81, 016113 (2010)] can achieve very high traffic capacity at the cost of extremely long packet traveling delay. In many real complex networks, especially for real-time applications such as the instant communication software, extremely long packet traveling time is unacceptable. In this work, we propose to assign a finite Time-to-Live (TTL) parameter for each packet. To guarantee every packet to arrive at its destination within its TTL, we assume that a packet is retransmitted by its source once its TTL expires. We employ source routing mechanisms in the traffic model to avoid the routing-flaps induced by the global dynamic routing. We compose extensive simulations to verify our proposed mechanisms. With small TTL, the effects of packet retransmission on network traffic capacity are obvious, and the phase transition from flow free state to congested state occurs. For the purpose of reducing the computation frequency of the routing table, we employ a computing cycle [Formula: see text] within which the routing table is recomputed once. The simulation results show that the traffic capacity decreases with increasing [Formula: see text]. Our work provides a good insight into the understanding of effects of packet retransmission with finite packet lifetime on traffic capacity in scale-free networks.

Leaders and Followers: An Exploration of the Notion of Scale-Free Networks Within a New Brand Community

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Katz ◽  
Bob Heere
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Scale Free Networks ◽  
New Community ◽  
College Team ◽  
Insight Into

The authors explore the formation of a new brand community to increase our understanding of the development of particular social networks within this overall new community. An ethnographic study was conducted among four tailgating groups of a new college team during its inaugural season. The method was chosen to gain insight into how individual consumers interacted with each other and how these early interactions contributed to the development of a brand community. To examine these interactions, social network theory was used to examine the relationships between the individuals within a larger group setting. Adopting this theoretical approach allowed the authors to observe that newly created groups follow the principles of scale-free networks, where some consumers act as leaders and others as followers. The implications for both highly committed leaders and noncommittal followers within each social network are discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamics analysis of an online gambling spreading model on scale-free networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kong ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Yuanmei Wang ◽  
Xinming Cheng ◽  
He Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Spreading Dynamics ◽  
Scale Free Networks ◽  
Gambling Policy

AbstractNowadays, online gambling has a great negative impact on the society. In order to study the effect of people’s psychological factors, anti-gambling policy, and social network topology on online gambling dynamics, a new SHGD (susceptible–hesitator–gambler–disclaimer) online gambling spreading model is proposed on scale-free networks. The spreading dynamics of online gambling is studied. The basic reproductive number $R_{0}$ R 0 is got and analyzed. The basic reproductive number $R_{0}$ R 0 is related to anti-gambling policy and the network topology. Then, gambling-free equilibrium $E_{0}$ E 0 and gambling-prevailing equilibrium $E_{ +} $ E + are obtained. The global stability of $E_{0}$ E 0 is analyzed. The global attractivity of $E_{ +} $ E + and the persistence of online gambling phenomenon are studied. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by some simulations.

scholarly journals Effective gravitation path routing strategy on scale-free networks

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jinlong Ma ◽  
Junfeng Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Scale Free ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Scale Free Networks
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