scholarly journals Safeguarding the genetic integrity of native pollinators requires stronger regulations on commercial lines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignasi Bartomeus ◽  
Francisco P. Molina ◽  
Amparo Hidalgo-Galiana ◽  
Joaquín Ortego
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Native Pollinator ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Essential Food

AbstractEvery year more than one million commercial bumblebee colonies are deployed in greenhouses worldwide for its pollination services to several commercially important crops such as tomato and different species of berries. While commercial pollinators have been an enormous benefit for the production of essential food crops and for achieving higher yields and better fruit quality at a low cost, their use is emerging also as an important threat to wild pollinators. Commercial pollinators have been linked to pathogen spillover to wild species, and its introduction outside its native area have had devastating effects on native pollinator populations. However, a more pervasive, but underappreciated threat is their potential impact on the genetic integrity of native pollinators. Here, we show clear evidence of generalized hybridization between native and introduced commercial bumblebee lineages in southern Spain. The signal of genetic introgression is widespread and already expands up to 60 km from main commercial bumblebee release areas. As pollination services demand is predicted to increase in the coming years, only a more restrictive regulation of commercial lines could mitigate their negative impacts on the genetic integrity of native pollinators and prevent the disruption of local adaptations.

The increasing toll of racism and discrimination on California agricultural workers and their families under the Trump administration

Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682110182
Author(s):  
Alvaro Medel-Herrero ◽  
Monica Torreiro-Casal ◽  
Joseph D Hovey ◽  
Karla Rascon-Garcia ◽  
Suzette Smiley-Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Trump Administration

Over 800,000 Mexican agricultural workers are employed in California each year, of which approximately 400,000 are estimated to be undocumented immigrants. Previous studies have found President Trump to be distinct in his anti-immigrant rhetoric and explicit verbal attacks of immigrants and refugees, which predicts hostile community attitudes towards immigrants and minorities. We convened 19 focus groups (FG) in diverse regions of California to gather information from Latina/o agriculture workers on the potential impact(s) of the Trump administration’s anti-immigrant rhetoric and immigration policy on this population. Widespread racism and discrimination were overwhelmingly noted in all FG sessions. Participants reported being the targets of increasingly hostile behavior, including hate crimes, that they attributed to anti-immigration rhetoric. Therefore, participants also reported an increasing sense of fear and psychological distress that led them to avoid community participation. Perceptions of racist and intentionally harmful policies contributed to reduced interactions with healthcare facilities and prompted both documented and undocumented participants to withdraw themselves and their children from public programs. For FG participants, the Trump administration’s anti-immigrant rhetoric and immigration policy severely impacted their community resulting in profound negative impacts on their economic well-being, education, and physical and emotional health.

scholarly journals The Implications of HIV Treatment on the HIV-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nyabadza ◽  
B. T. Bekele ◽  
M. A. Rúa ◽  
D. M. Malonza ◽  
N. Chiduku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Qualitative Dynamics ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Most hosts harbor multiple pathogens at the same time in disease epidemiology. Multiple pathogens have the potential for interaction resulting in negative impacts on host fitness or alterations in pathogen transmission dynamics. In this paper we develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-malaria coinfection. Additionally, we extended our model to examine the role treatment (of malaria and HIV) plays in altering populations’ dynamics. Our model consists of 13 interlinked equations which allow us to explore multiple aspects of HIV-malaria transmission and treatment. We perform qualitative analysis of the model that includes positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we evaluate the reproductive numbers corresponding to the submodels and investigate the long term behavior of the submodels. We also consider the qualitative dynamics of the full model. Sensitivity analysis is done to determine the impact of some chosen parameters on the dynamics of malaria. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the potential impact of the treatment scenarios and confirm our analytical results.

scholarly journals Estimates and causes of fresh fruit post-harvest losses in the Chapadinha Microregion, Maranhão, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Luana Ribeiro Silva ◽  
Edmilson Igor Bernardo Almeida ◽  
Lusiane De Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Kessia Tenorio Figueirinha ◽  
Antonio Gabriel da Costa Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Negative Impacts

Fruit growing contributes to Brazilian socioeconomic growth, both as a source of food for the population and in the generation of employment and income. However, the production chain incurs significant negative impacts, mainly due to post-harvest losses. The objective of the current study was to estimate the post-harvest losses of fruits, occurring in the retail markets of Anapurus, Belágua, Mata Roma, São Benedito do Rio Preto and Urbano Santos (Maranhão State). The study was carried out with visits to 45 commercial establishments, and the deployment of a questionnaire regarding post-harvest losses of 12 fruits. It is concluded that, in decreasing order, losses were: avocado (11.76 ± 0.09%) > papaya (11.65% ± 0.02) > banana (10.82 ± 1.75%) > grape (10.08 ± 0.06%) > passion fruit (9.28 ± 0.04%) > pineapple (8.62 ± 0.04%) > watermelon (8.48 ± 0.05%) > mango (8.00 ± 0.18%) > orange (7.12 ± 0.10%) > apple (6.68 ± 0.07%) > pear (6.52 ± 0.03%) > melon (4.32 ± 0.01%). Physiological disorders were the main cause of losses, with estimated losses being up to 10.62%. It is suggested that losses could be reduced with: better hygiene in commercial environments, effective planning of the quantities offered, and the adoption of low cost technologies for the conservation and refrigeration of temperate fruits. Some public initiatives, such as the increase in availability of training courses, improvement of roads in the rural areas of the Chapadinha Microregion, and encouragement of the expansion of fruit growing in Maranhão, may lead to improvements, with direct benefits to society in general.

Envisioning a low-cost solar future: Exploring the potential impact of Achieving the SunShot 2030 targets for photovoltaics

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 690-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Cole ◽  
Bethany Frew ◽  
Pieter Gagnon ◽  
Andrew Reimers ◽  
Jarett Zuboy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Potential Impact

Green Synthesis of Nanocomposites

2022 ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Meenal D. Patil ◽  
Suprimkumar D. Dhas ◽  
Annasaheb V. Moholkar
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
New Era ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Negative Impacts

Nanotechnology has been a dynamic research area over the past few decades because it assures the resolution to the problems that hamper progress. Currently, a new era of ‘green synthesis' is an emerging multidisciplinary field in nanotechnology which employs reliable, sustainable, low-cost, non-hazardous, and eco-friendly techniques. Green synthesis is considered a vital tool to reduce the negative impacts accompanying the traditional methods of synthesis for NPs commonly employed in industry and laboratory. This chapter unveils a comprehensive overview of the recent research on available green techniques for the synthesis of various nanocomposites in order to solve future generation challenges. This chapter also focuses on the green synthesis of various nanocomposites, synthesis parameters, potential applications, merits/demerits, and future prospects.

Asymmetric acoustic signal recognition led to asymmetric gene flow between two parapatric frogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Hsiao ◽  
Hui-Yun Tseng ◽  
Hung Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Si-Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Reproductive Character Displacement ◽  
Reproductive Character ◽  
Behavioural Experiments

Abstract Correct discrimination between courtship signals could help to maintain genetic integrity between closely related species. However, asymmetric usage of signals might cause asymmetric gene flow across the contact zone. Buergeria choui and B. otai are sibling-species with a parapatric distribution pattern in Taiwan, having two narrow contact zones on the east and west sides of the island. Combining behavioural experiments with genome-wide RAD-seq analyses, we test whether the ability of signal recognition influences genetic introgression across their species boundary. The playback experiments show that all B. choui populations respond strongest to their own ‘cricket’ trills, while the western population of B. otai have evolved a strong level of reproductive character displacement by showing the inclusive usage of the unique ‘chicken’ signals. In contrast, the eastern B. otai population uses both ‘chicken’ and ‘cricket’ trills, and has a stronger preference for the latter. The weak reproductive character displacement in the eastern population has led to asymmetry genetic introgression from B. choui toward B. otai. Our results support the prediction that a more specialized signal-user, compared to its sibling, generalized signal-user, might have a higher probability of maintaining their genetic integrity in the secondary contact region.

Pollination and Restoration

Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 325 (5940) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Pollination services underpin sustainability of restored ecosystems. Yet, outside of agri-environments, effective restoration of pollinator services in ecological restoration has received little attention. This deficiency in the knowledge needed to restore pollinator capability represents a major liability in restoration programs, particularly in regions where specialist invertebrate and vertebrate pollinators exist, such as global biodiversity hotspots. When compounded with the likely negative impacts of climate change on pollination services, the need to understand and manage pollinator services in restoration becomes paramount.

Pollination services provided by various size classes of flower visitors to Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hingston ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
P. B. McQuillan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Introduced Honeybee ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Almost All

Flowers of the commercially important tree Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus were visited by a wide variety of insects and birds within its natural distribution. Flowers were visited so frequently that most available nectar was consumed, but seed production within 5 m of the ground was consistently far less than the maximum possible, indicating the presence of large numbers of inefficient pollinators and few efficient pollinators. Pollen limitation was more severe on fully self-incompatible trees than on partially self-compatible trees, demonstrating that pollinator inefficiency resulted from infrequent outcrossing rather than inability to deposit pollen on stigmas. The flower visitors that were responsible for almost all nectar consumption from flowers within 5 m of the ground were insects that were able to permeate cages with 5-mm apertures but not cages with 1-mm apertures, the most abundant of which was the introduced honeybee Apis mellifera L. These insects contributed less than 20% of the maximum possible seed set, indicating that they were inefficient pollinators. Birds and smaller insects made lesser contributions to seed production, but consumed little nectar within 5 m of the ground. However, anthophilous birds appeared to mostly forage higher in the trees and probably consumed more nectar from, and provided more pollination services to, flowers higher in the trees.

scholarly journals Bamboo fiber-PLA composite materials for disposable food and beverages packaging tools: a brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012087
Author(s):  
S Darwin ◽  
G Prajna ◽  
T A Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Disposable packaging tools such as cups/food containers have become popular and commonly used items in today’s society as they offer simplicity, low cost, durability, and convenience for people in carrying/taking their foods. Most of these packaging tools are non-biodegradable products because their materials are mainly composed of plastics and/or their derivatives. Consequently, packaging tools have become one of the primary contributors to the earth’s waste and global warming. Eco-friendly products can be defined as products that are safe and healthy for individuals and communities throughout their life cycle, which includes all processes from production to consumption and up to disposal. Current methods for developing eco-friendly products have mainly relied on using composites of different biodegradable materials that are chosen and combined in such a way that they can complement each other’s weakness or drawback. One of these composites with the potential to replace and address the negative impacts caused by plastics products is the bamboo fiber-PLA (BF-PLA) composite. This paper is intended to briefly discuss the characteristics of as well as various important properties of such a BF-PLA composite to illustrate and motivate its potential future use as an alternative eco-friendly material for producing disposable packaging tools.

scholarly journals Kajian Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Timbulnya Pasar Minggu Di Kawasan Bandung Timur

2017 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Lely Syiddatul Akliyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Collection Methods

The proliferation of Pasar Minggu  in Bandung, especially in the area of Bandung Timur raises some positive and negative impacts. Among the negative impacts is the traffic jam, a heap of waste generated from trade activity, and environmental conditions were filthy and chaotic. If this is allowed to continue, the growth in the market on this week could be growing uncontrollably. As an initial study, it is necessary to explore the factors causing the Pasar Minggu in The Bandung Timur Region. Thereby expect to further of this research can be structured strategies to minimize the negative impact of market developments this week. Selected two sites in  Bandung Timur Region namely Metro Region-Margahayu Raya and Jalan Ibrahim Adjie corridor area. The method used is descriptive quantitative data collection methods to survey the secondary data and the primary to the field using a questionnaire and interviews. Found the factors causing the Pasar Minggu in the Bandung Timur Region include: low cost of regular payments, a strategic location near the settlements, ease of transportation to reach the area of trade, traders generally stay not far away from the Sunday market, and the turnover of earning is big enough.  

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