scholarly journals Understanding artificial mouse-microbiome heterogeneity and six actionable themes to increase study power

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R Basson ◽  
Alexandria LaSalla ◽  
Gretchen Lam ◽  
Danielle Kulpins ◽  
Erika L Moen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Score Statistics ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Study Power ◽  
Data Statistics

ABSTRACTThe negative effects of data clustering due to (intra-class/spatial) correlations are well-known in statistics to interfere with interpretation and study power. Therefore, it is unclear why housing many laboratory mice (≥4), instead of one-or-two per cage, with the improper use/reporting of clustered-data statistics, abound in the literature. Among other sources of ‘artificial’ confounding, including cyclical oscillations of the ‘cage microbiome’, we quantified the heterogeneity of modern husbandry practices/perceptions. The objective was to identify actionable themes to re-launch emerging protocols and intuitive statistical strategies to increase study power. Amenable for interventions, ‘cost-vs-science’ discordance was a major aspect explaining heterogeneity and the reluctance to change. Combined, four sources of information (scoping-reviews, professional-surveys, expert-opinion, and ‘implementability-score-statistics’) indicate that a six-actionable-theme framework could minimize ‘artificial’ heterogeneity. With a ‘Housing Density Cost Simulator’ in Excel and fully annotated statistical examples, this framework could reignite the use of ‘study power’ to monitor the success/reproducibility of mouse-microbiome studies.

scholarly journals Obstetrical safety indicators for preventing hospital harms in low risk births: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e036203
Author(s):  
Aislinn Conway ◽  
Jessica Reszel ◽  
Mark C Walker ◽  
Jeremy M Grimshaw ◽  
Sandra I Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Patient Safety Indicators ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionOptimising the safety of obstetric patient care is a primary concern for many hospitals. Performance indicators measuring aspects of patient care processes can lead to improvements in health systems and the prevention of harm to the patient. We present our protocol for a scoping review to identify indicators for obstetric safety in low risk births. We aim to identify indicators addressing preventable hospital harms, to summarise the data and synthesise results.Methods and analysisWe will use methods described by Arksey and O’Malley and further expanded by Levacet al. We will search electronic databases such as Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, and websites from professional bodies and other organisations, using an iterative search strategy.Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results to determine eligibility for inclusion. If eligibility is not clear, the reviewers will screen the full text version. If reviewers’ decisions regarding eligibility differ, a third reviewer will review the record. Two reviewers will independently extract data from records that meet our inclusion criteria using a standardised data collection form. We will narratively describe quantitative data, such as the frequency with which indicators are identified, and conduct a thematic analysis of the qualitative data. We will compile a comprehensive list of patient safety indicators and organise them according to concepts that best suit the data such as the Donabedian model or the Hospital Harm Framework. We will discuss the implications for future research, clinical practice and policy-making. We will report the conduct of the review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist.Ethics and disseminationThe sources of information included in this scoping review will be available to the public. Therefore, ethics approval is not warranted. We will disseminate results in a peer-reviewed publication, conference/event presentation(s) and stakeholder communications.

scholarly journals LA POLONIA DI OGGI E LA SHOAH: LA LEGGE E LA STORIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Vitti
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
General Government ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
The Law

Last year’s relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships, with the controversy over the influences (or perhaps interference) of the Warsaw government on the treatment of the historical memory of the Holocaust and its international implications, lead us to make two important considerations. Firstly, the possible consequences that the so-called “Holocaust law” can bring to historical research; Furthermore, a reflection on the negative effects that an improper use of the law can cause on the social and administrative level, trying to compare the cases of today’s Poland and of the General Government, that is the section of the Polish state occupied by the Nazis not annexed, but transformed into a very peculiar territorial entity.

scholarly journals Vision of the role of long-term social stress in the formation of "diseases of civilization". mechanisms of adaptation to stressor situations and factors of its failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
O. Hancheva ◽  
K. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Impact

Today, the issue of studying the mechanisms of the impact of social stress on public health and its role in the formation of key human diseases is relevant and necessary. A large number of works, both clinical observations and experimental studies, are devoted to this problem. However, despite the high interest in this problem, there are still "white spots". Therefore, the purpose of our study was to analyze modern sources of information that highlight current issues of long-term social stress and its role in the formation of "diseases of civilization." Matherials and methods: analysis of scientific publications from the following databases: Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med, by keywords: rats, social stress, diseases of civilization, neuroendocrine regulation, hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, paravetricular nucleus. Conclusions: Thus, the analysis of resources shows the undoubted role of stress in the formation of human diseases. Many articles are devoted to the description and analysis of the negative effects of environmental factors and peculiarities of living conditions on human health. Most researchers agree on the key role of the hypothalamus in regulating the body's stress response and the presence of morphofunctional changes associated with stress. It is important to note that scientists have paid much attention to the study of individual models of stress, namely pain, immobilization and hypoxic over the past 20 years. Unfortunately, there are few facts concerning the analysis of the influence of long-term negative social factors that do not cause stereotyped reactions, but form latent changes that are inherent in classical stress reactions.

scholarly journals Nutritional Supplement Habits of Athletes With an Impairment and Their Sources of Information

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Susan Graham-Paulson ◽  
Claudio Perret ◽  
Brett Smith ◽  
Jeanette Crosland ◽  
Victoria Louise Goosey-Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Reasons For Use

The consumption of nutritional supplements (NS) is common among able-bodied (AB) athletes yet little is known about NS use by athletes with an impairment. This study examined the: (i) prevalence of NS use by athletes with an impairment; (ii) reasons for use/nonuse; (iii) sources of information regarding NS; and (iv) whether age, gender, impairment, performance level and sport category influence NS use. The questionnaire was completed by 399 elite (n = 255) and nonelite (n = 144) athletes (296 M, 103 F) online or at a sporting event/training camp. Data were evaluated using chi-square analyses. Fifty-eight percent (n = 232) of athletes used NS in the previous 6-month period and 41% (n = 102) of these followed the instructions on the label to determine dose. Adherence to these AB recommendations may partly explain why 9% (n = 37) experienced negative effects from NS use. As expected, the most popular NS were: protein, sports drinks, multivitamins and carbohydrate supplements, which were obtained from health food/sport shops, internet and supermarkets (top 3) where evidence-based, impairment-specific advice is limited. The nutritionist/dietitian was the most used and trusted source of information, which is a promising finding. The most prevalent reasons for use were to support exercise recovery, support the immune system and provide energy. Elite athletes were more likely to use NS, which may reflect greater training hours and/or access to nutritionists. Fifty-two percent of athletes (n = 209) requested more information/education regarding NS. NS use is prevalent in this population. Education on dosage and appropriate sources of information is required.

scholarly journals Dietary restriction improves repopulation but impairs lymphoid differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in early aging

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duozhuang Tang ◽  
Si Tao ◽  
Zhiyang Chen ◽  
Ievgen Oleksandrovich Koliesnik ◽  
Philip Gerald Calmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
B Lymphopoiesis ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tissue Aging

Dietary restriction (DR) improves health, delays tissue aging, and elongates survival in flies and worms. However, studies on laboratory mice and nonhuman primates revealed ambiguous effects of DR on lifespan despite improvements in health parameters. In this study, we analyzed consequences of adult-onset DR (24 h to 1 yr) on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. DR ameliorated HSC aging phenotypes, such as the increase in number of HSCs and the skewing toward myeloid-biased HSCs during aging. Furthermore, DR increased HSC quiescence and improved the maintenance of the repopulation capacity of HSCs during aging. In contrast to these beneficial effects, DR strongly impaired HSC differentiation into lymphoid lineages and particularly inhibited the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors, resulting in decreased production of peripheral B lymphocytes and impaired immune function. The study shows that DR-dependent suppression of growth factors and interleukins mediates these divergent effects caused by DR. Supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 partially reverted the DR-induced quiescence of HSCs, whereas IL-6/IL-7 substitutions rescued the impairment of B lymphopoiesis exposed to DR. Together, these findings delineate positive and negative effects of long-term DR on HSC functionality involving distinct stress and growth signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Risky Sexual Behavior Among Alcohol Consumers in the Youth Environment (Sociologic Analysis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young People ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Liberal Attitude ◽  
Premarital Sexual

The article presents the results of the study “Lifestyle of student youth: behavioral risks”, which was carried out in 2016–2017. The survey was conducted among college and university students aged 17–23 years. The particularities of influence of alcohol on the guideline beliefs of young people about sexuality and in particular on sexual behavior are revealed. Youth consuming alcohol beverages systematically is distinguished by a more liberal attitude towards sex and premarital sexual contacts, as well as broad guideline beliefs about the acceptability of various sexual activities, and a lower sexual culture. The results of a sociological survey indicate a high sexual activity of students. The low level of social culture and education, the immature system of sexual education, a large number of questionable sources of information on this topic are the causes of this problem. The article identifies the negative effects of alcohol consumption before intimacy, as well as the level of knowledge of young people on safe sex issues. An analysis of medical statistics indicates that alcohol and drugs that are consumed even periodically increase the potential risk of HIV infection. The extensive empirical material of the sociology sector of deviant behavior shows the main behavioral risks to the health of the youth: alcohol consumption, risky sexual behavior. Also, the role of prevention of risky sex among the young is indicated, which should be based on timely moral and ethical education. The need was emphasized for prevention of alcohol abuse to the extent of the spiritual and moral education of young people, as well as the propaganda of safe sexual behavior.

scholarly journals Understanding gestational and feed management practices of New England sheep producers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Kelly ◽  
A Halpern ◽  
S A Reed ◽  
S A Zinn ◽  
K E Govoni
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Feeding Management

Abstract Several sources of information are available to producers for guidance in managing their breeding flocks; however, it is unknown if sheep producers utilize any or all of these resources. Since maternal diet during gestation can have immediate and long-lasting negative effects on growth and health of offspring, it is important for producers to insure they are providing appropriate nutritional management to ewes during breeding and gestation. Historically, New England sheep producers have not been included in USDA surveys of sheep producers, and therefore, there is a lack of information about how New England producers manage their flocks, especially in terms of nutrition and gestation. The objective was to determine flock size, breeds, pregnancy detection methods, and feeding management practices of New England sheep producers. To meet this objective, a 12-question survey was developed and disseminated to New England sheep producers via Qualtrics using e-mail survey links, with a 33.2% response rate (n = 96 responses). Data were analyzed using SPSS. Of the respondents, 61.5% have flock sizes of 11 to 50 sheep whereas 15.6% had 10 or less and 23% had greater than 50 sheep. Most respondents (63.5%) maintain one breed of sheep; however, larger flocks (> 50 sheep) are more likely to maintain multiple breeds (P < 0.05). The largest percentage (40.6%) use their sheep for both meat and fiber production, 38.5% for meat only, and 20.8% manage sheep for fiber only. Spring (January to May) is the primary (59.4%) lambing season. The majority (76.0%) of New England sheep producers do not have their feed chemically analyzed for nutrient composition, which presents an opportunity for improving feeding management. There were associations (P < 0.05) between flock size and flock purpose, flock size and number of breeds owned, flock size and feed type, feed type and feed analysis, feed type and source of feed information, and source of feed information and state. In conclusion, New England sheep producers have flocks of varying size and purpose, and would likely benefit from outreach education on the value of diet analysis and formulation for their breeding flocks, especially during gestation. Further, findings of this survey may represent the management needs of smaller flocks throughout the U.S.

scholarly journals Epidemiology problem of coronavirus COVID - 19 pandemic and their health hazards and sports activities of athletes: solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.I. Tsyganenko ◽  
Ya.V. Pershehuba ◽  
N.A. Sklyarova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The purpose of the study: the work is to develop epidemiological approaches to reduce the negative effects of coronaviruses and their epidemics on the health and sports activities of athletes. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature: generalization, synthesis, formalization, abstraction. Research results and conclusions: based on the analysis of scientific, scientific and methodological literature and other sources of information, approaches to reducing the negative impact of coronaviruses and their epidemics on the health and sports activities of athletes have been developed. Conclusions have been made about the need to take into account the epidemiological situation with infectious coronavirus diseases and the need to evacuate athletes from quarantine zones when necessary.

scholarly journals METHODICAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION RESOURCES OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kasyanova ◽  
Mykola Salatko
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Method Of Calculation

The introduction of electronic means of communication in the management processes of the enterprise has led to a sharp increase in the number of information messages. There was a redistribution of working time in favor of solving information problems. As a result, information technology leads to negative effects and losses. The purpose of the study is to develop guidelines for improving the information support of the industrial enterprise on the basis of evaluation and management of information resources. It is proposed to evaluate the information resources of the enterprise in a pragmatic approach (qualitative assessment) for three groups of indicators – effectiveness, security and adequacy of information. Effectiveness is determined by the level of satisfaction of information needs and the ability to give the target effect. Security shows the level of automation, the state of use of information infrastructure, information literacy of staff, and financial security of information resources. Sufficiency is due to indicators of information quality, timeliness of receipt and use of information resources, the use of information models and a variety of sources of information resources. The method of calculation of the integrated indicator which allows to receive complex representation at once about all system of information maintenance of the enterprise is offered. Reflecting the efficiency of attracting and using information resources, the integrated indicator can serve as a signal indicator of the feasibility of updating information and modernizing the information system. When forming the list of signs it is necessary to consider that the qualitative sign can be presented by a set of equivalent nominations which are the list of possible names of quality. In this case, each nomination of a qualitative feature is placed in accordance with the quantitative value of the transformation function depending on the desirability scale. The transformation of partial indicators is proposed to be carried out by the geometric mean method. In addition to the method of forming an integrated indicator of evaluation of information resources, the expediency of using the method of analysis of hierarchies for making management decisions on the formation of the information system of the enterprise is substantiated. Thus, the method of integrated evaluation allows you to synthesize indicators of effectiveness, security and adequacy of information resources of the enterprise and on this basis to form the optimal structure and amount of information that takes into account economic needs and increases productivity.

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