scholarly journals Distinctive tasks of different cyanobacteria and associated bacteria in carbon as well as nitrogen fixation and cycling in a late stage Baltic Sea bloom

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Eigemann ◽  
Angela Vogts ◽  
Maren Voss ◽  
Luca Zoccarato ◽  
Heide Schulz-Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Uptake Rates

AbstractCyanobacteria and associated heterotrophic bacteria hold key roles in carbon as well as nitrogen fixation and cycling in the Baltic Sea due to massive cyanobacterial blooms each summer. The species specific activities of different cyanobacterial species as well as the N- and C-exchange of associated heterotrophic bacteria in these processes, however, are widely unknown. Within one time series experiment we tested the cycling in a natural, late stage cyanobacterial bloom by adding 13C bi-carbonate and 15N2, and performed sampling after 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h in order to determine the fixing species as well as the fate of the fixed carbon and nitrogen in the associations. Uptake of 15N and 13C isotopes by the most abundant cyanobacterial species as well as the most abundant associated heterotrophic bacterial groups was then analysed with a NanoSIMS. Overall, the filamentous, heterocystous species Dolichospermum sp., Nodularia sp., and Aphanizomenon sp. revealed no or erratic uptake of carbon and nitrogen, indicating mostly inactive cells. In contrary, non-heterocystous Pseudanabaena sp. dominated the nitrogen and carbon fixation, with uptake rates up to 1.49 ± 0.47 nmol N h-1 l-1 and 2.55 ± 0.91 nmol C h-1 l-1. Associated heterotrophic bacteria dominated the subsequent nitrogen cycling with uptake rates up to 1.2 ± 1.93 fmol N h-1 cell -1, but were also indicative for fixation of di-nitrogen.

scholarly journals Distinctive tasks of different cyanobacteria and associated bacteria in carbon as well as nitrogen fixation and cycling in a late stage Baltic Sea bloom

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0223294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Eigemann ◽  
Angela Vogts ◽  
Maren Voss ◽  
Luca Zoccarato ◽  
Heide Schulz-Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Associated Bacteria

scholarly journals Influence of Cyanobacterial Bloom on Freshwater Biocoenosis. Use of Bioassays for Cyanobacterial Microcystins Toxicity Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Piontek ◽  
Wanda Czyżewska
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Dugesia Tigrina

Abstract The issues presented in this study concern a very important problem of the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in surface water used for water supply purposes. The objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence of cyanotoxic risk in the catchment area of the Obrzyca River (including Sławskie lake which is the beginning of the river), which is a source of drinking water for the inhabitants of Zielona Góra. In order to evaluate toxicity of cyanobacterial bloom it was conducted toxicological testing using aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna, Dugesia tigrina) and heterotrophic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas fluorescens). Test samples were collected from May to October, 2012. The most toxic was a sample collected from Lake Sławskie on 20th October when cyanobacteria bloom with a predominance of Microcystis aeruginosa occurred and the amount of microcystins was the largest. The methanol extract of the sample was toxic only above a concentration of 6·103 mg·dm-3. The lethal concentration (48-h LC 50) for Daphnia magna was 3.09·103 and for Dugesia tigrina (240-h LC 50) 1.51·103 mg·dm-3 of microcystins (MC-LR, MC-YR and MC-RR). The same extract stimulated growth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis cells.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Quantification of Active Carbon- and Nitrogen-Fixing Communities and Estimation of Fixation Rates Using FluorescenceIn SituHybridization and Flow Cytometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (21) ◽  
pp. 6750-6759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. McInnes ◽  
Alicia K. Shepard ◽  
Eric J. Raes ◽  
Anya M. Waite ◽  
Antonietta Quigg
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Oceanic Carbon

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the interconnectivity of oceanic carbon and nitrogen cycles, specifically carbon and nitrogen fixation, is essential in elucidating the fate and distribution of carbon in the ocean. Traditional techniques measure either organism abundance or biochemical rates. As such, measurements are performed on separate samples and on different time scales. Here, we developed a method to simultaneously quantify organisms while estimating rates of fixation across time and space for both carbon and nitrogen. Tyramide signal amplification fluorescencein situhybridization (TSA-FISH) of mRNA for functionally specific oligonucleotide probes forrbcL(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; carbon fixation) andnifH(nitrogenase; nitrogen fixation) was combined with flow cytometry to measure abundance and estimate activity. Cultured samples representing a diversity of phytoplankton (cyanobacteria, coccolithophores, chlorophytes, diatoms, and dinoflagellates), as well as environmental samples from the open ocean (Gulf of Mexico, USA, and southeastern Indian Ocean, Australia) and an estuary (Galveston Bay, Texas, USA), were successfully hybridized. Strong correlations between positively tagged community abundance and14C/15N measurements are presented. We propose that these methods can be used to estimate carbon and nitrogen fixation in environmental communities. The utilization of mRNA TSA-FISH to detect multiple active microbial functions within the same sample will offer increased understanding of important biogeochemical cycles in the ocean.

scholarly journals In Situ Rates of Carbon and Nitrogen Uptake by Phytoplankton and the Contribution of Picophytoplankton in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2903
Author(s):  
Bo Kyung Kim ◽  
Hyoung Min Joo ◽  
Jinyoung Jung ◽  
Boyeon Lee ◽  
Sun-Yong Ha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Isotope Technique

Rapid climate warming and the associated melting of glaciers in high-latitude open fjord systems can have a significant impact on biogeochemical cycles. In this study, the uptake rates of carbon and nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) of total phytoplankton and picophytoplankton (<2 μm) were measured in Kongsfjorden in early May 2017 using the dual stable isotope technique. The daily uptake rates of total carbon and nitrogen ranged from 0.3 to 1.1 g C m−2 day−1, with a mean of 0.7 ± 0.3 g C m−2 day−1, and 0.13 to 0.17 g N m−2 day−1, with a mean of 0.16 ± 0.02 g N m−2 day−1. Microphytoplankton (20–200 μm) accounted for 68.1% of the total chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration, while picophytoplankton (<2 μm) accounted for 19.6% of the total chl-a, with a high contribution to the carbon uptake rate (42.9%) due to its higher particulate organic carbon-to-chl-a ratio. The contributions of picophytoplankton to the total nitrogen uptake rates were 47.1 ± 10.6% for nitrate and 74.0 ± 16.7% for ammonium. Our results indicated that picophytoplankton preferred regenerated nitrogen, such as ammonium, for growth and pointed to the importance of the role played by picophytoplankton in the local carbon uptake rate during the early springtime in 2017. Although the phytoplankton community, in terms of biovolume, in all samples was dominated by diatoms and Phaeocystis sp., a higher proportion of nano- and picophytoplankton chl-a (mean ± SD = 71.3 ± 16.4%) was observed in the relatively cold and turbid surface water in the inner fjord. Phytoplankton production (carbon uptake) decreased towards the inner fjord, while nitrogen uptake increased. The contrast in carbon and nitrogen uptake is likely caused by the gradient in glacial meltwater which affects both the light regime and nutrient availability. Therefore, global warming-enhanced glacier melting might support lower primary production (carbon fixation) with higher degrees of regeneration processes in fjord systems.

scholarly journals The Holocene sedimentary record of cyanobacterial glycolipids in the Baltic Sea: an evaluation of their application as tracers of past nitrogen fixation

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5789-5804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Sollai ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Nicole J. Bale ◽  
Anchelique Mets ◽  
Lisa Warden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Yoldia Sea ◽  
Ancylus Lake

Abstract. Heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) are lipids exclusively produced by heterocystous dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The Baltic Sea is an ideal environment to study the distribution of HGs and test their potential as biomarkers because of its recurring summer phytoplankton blooms, dominated by a few heterocystous cyanobacterial species of the genera Nodularia and Aphanizomenon. A multi-core and a gravity core from the Gotland Basin were analyzed to determine the abundance and distribution of a suite of selected HGs at a high resolution to investigate the changes in past cyanobacterial communities during the Holocene. The HG distribution of the sediments deposited during the Modern Warm Period (MoWP) was compared with those of cultivated heterocystous cyanobacteria, including those isolated from Baltic Sea waters, revealing high similarity. However, the abundance of HGs dropped substantially with depth, and this may be caused by either a decrease in the occurrence of the cyanobacterial blooms or diagenesis, resulting in partial destruction of the HGs. The record also shows that the HG distribution has remained stable since the Baltic turned into a brackish semi-enclosed basin ∼ 7200 cal. yr BP. This suggests that the heterocystous cyanobacterial species composition remained relatively stable as well. During the earlier freshwater phase of the Baltic (i.e., the Ancylus Lake and Yoldia Sea phases), the distribution of the HGs varied much more than in the subsequent brackish phase, and the absolute abundance of HGs was much lower than during the brackish phase. This suggests that the cyanobacterial community adjusted to the different environmental conditions in the basin. Our results confirm the potential of HGs as a specific biomarker of heterocystous cyanobacteria in paleo-environmental studies.

scholarly journals The Holocene sedimentary record of cyanobacterial glycolipids in the Baltic Sea: Evaluation of their application as tracers of past nitrogen fixation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Sollai ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Nicole J. Bale ◽  
Anchelique Mets ◽  
Matthias Moros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Ancylus Lake ◽  
Partial Destruction

Abstract. Heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) are lipids exclusively produced by heterocystous dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The Baltic Sea is an ideal environment to study the distribution of HGs and test their potential as biomarkers because of its recurring summer phytoplankton blooms, dominated by a few heterocystous cyanobacterial species. A multicore and a gravity core from the Gotland basin were analyzed to determine the abundance and distribution of HGs at high resolution to investigate the changes in past cyanobacterial communities during the Holocene. The HG distribution of the sediments deposited during the Modern Warm Period (MoWP) was compared with those of cultivated heterocystous cyanobacteria, revealing high similarity. However, the abundance of HGs dropped substantially with depth and this may be caused by either a decrease of the cyanobacterial blooms or diagenesis, resulting in partial destruction of the HGs. The record also shows that the HGs distribution has remained stable since the Baltic has turned into a brackish semi-enclosed basin ~ 7200 yrs BP. This suggests that the heterocystous cyanobacterial species composition remained relatively stable as well. During the earlier freshwater phase of the Baltic (i.e. the Ancylus Lake phase) the distribution of the HGs varied much more than in the subsequent brackish phase and the absolute abundance of HGs was much lower than during the brackish phase. This suggests that the cyanobacterial community adjusted to the different environmental conditions in the basin. Our results confirm the potential of HGs as specific biomarker of heterocystous cyanobacteria in paleo-environmental studies.

Dynamics of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community during a cyanobacterial bloom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Qian ◽  
Kunihiro Okano ◽  
Miwa Kodato ◽  
Michiko Arai ◽  
Takeru Yanagiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Predator Community

Abstract Toxic cyanobacterial blooms frequently develop in eutrophic freshwater bodies worldwide. Microcystis species produce microcystins (MCs) as a cyanotoxin. Certain bacteria that harbor the mlr gene cluster, especially mlrA, are capable of degrading MCs. However, MCs-degrading bacteria may possess or lack mlr genes (mlr+ and mlr− genotypes, respectively). In this study we investigated the genotype that predominantly contributes to biodegradation and cyanobacterial predator community structure with change in total MCs concentration in an aquatic environment. The two genotypes co-existed but mlr+ predominated, as indicated by the negative correlation between mlrA gene copy abundance and total MCs concentration. At the highest MCs concentrations, predation pressure by Phyllopoda, Copepoda, and Monogononta (rotifers) was reduced; thus, MCs may be toxic to cyanobacterial predators. The results suggest cooperation between MCs-degrading bacteria and predators may reduce Microcystis abundance and MCs concentration.

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