scholarly journals Direct detection of molecular intermediates from first-passage times

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice L. Thorneywork ◽  
Jannes Gladrow ◽  
Yujia Qing ◽  
Marc Rico-Pasto ◽  
Felix Ritort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Energy Landscapes ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Dna Hairpins ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Short Time

AbstractAll natural phenomena are governed by energy landscapes. However, the direct measurement of this fundamental quantity remains challenging, particularly in complex systems involving intermediate states. Here, we uncover key details of the energy landscapes that underpin a range of experimental systems through quantitative analysis of first-passage time distributions. By combined study of colloidal dynamics in confinement, transport through a biological pore and the folding kinetics of DNA hairpins, we demonstrate conclusively how a short-time, power-law regime of the first-passage time distribution universally reflects the number of intermediate states associated with each process, irrespective of the lengthscales, timescales or interactions in the system. We thereby establish a powerful method for investigating the underlying mechanisms of complex molecular processes.

scholarly journals Direct detection of molecular intermediates from first-passage times

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. eaaz4642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice L. Thorneywork ◽  
Jannes Gladrow ◽  
Yujia Qing ◽  
Marc Rico-Pasto ◽  
Felix Ritort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Energy Landscapes ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Dna Hairpins ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Short Time

All natural phenomena are governed by energy landscapes. However, the direct measurement of this fundamental quantity remains challenging, particularly in complex systems involving intermediate states. Here, we uncover key details of the energy landscapes that underpin a range of experimental systems through quantitative analysis of first-passage time distributions. By combined study of colloidal dynamics in confinement, transport through a biological pore, and the folding kinetics of DNA hairpins, we demonstrate conclusively how a short-time, power-law regime of the first-passage time distribution reflects the number of intermediate states associated with each of these processes, despite their differing length scales, time scales, and interactions. We thereby establish a powerful method for investigating the underlying mechanisms of complex molecular processes.

scholarly journals A unified approach for drawdown (drawup) of time-homogeneous Markov processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Landriault ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Hongzhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Markov Processes ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Regularity Conditions ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
Short Time ◽  
General Time

AbstractDrawdown (respectively, drawup) of a stochastic process, also referred as the reflected process at its supremum (respectively, infimum), has wide applications in many areas including financial risk management, actuarial mathematics, and statistics. In this paper, for general time-homogeneous Markov processes, we study the joint law of the first passage time of the drawdown (respectively, drawup) process, its overshoot, and the maximum of the underlying process at this first passage time. By using short-time pathwise analysis, under some mild regularity conditions, the joint law of the three drawdown quantities is shown to be the unique solution to an integral equation which is expressed in terms of fundamental two-sided exit quantities of the underlying process. Explicit forms for this joint law are found when the Markov process has only one-sided jumps or is a Lévy process (possibly with two-sided jumps). The proposed methodology provides a unified approach to study various drawdown quantities for the general class of time-homogeneous Markov processes.

First passage time for the state of exact chemical equilibrium

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Šolc
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
First Passage ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Passage Times ◽  
Number Of Particles

The establishment of chemical equilibrium in a system with a reversible first order reaction is characterized in terms of the distribution of first passage times for the state of exact chemical equilibrium. The mean first passage time of this state is a linear function of the logarithm of the total number of particles in the system. The equilibrium fluctuations of composition in the system are characterized by the distribution of the recurrence times for the state of exact chemical equilibrium. The mean recurrence time is inversely proportional to the square root of the total number of particles in the system.

scholarly journals Credit Gap Risk in a First Passage Time Model with Jumps

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Packham ◽  
Lutz Schloegl ◽  
Wolfgang M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Gap Risk ◽  
Credit Gap
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