scholarly journals Vaginal microbiota of adolescents and their mothers: A preliminary study of vertical transmission and persistence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Bassis ◽  
Kaylie A. Bullock ◽  
Daniel E. Sack ◽  
Katie Saund ◽  
Ali Pirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Birth Factors ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundThe composition of the human vaginal microbiota is related to many aspects of health from infection susceptibility to preterm birth. Factors that influence human vaginal microbiota composition, including its source, are not well understood.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine if vaginal microbiota transmission from mother to daughter at birth influences the human vaginal microbiota composition in adolescence.Study DesignWeekly vaginal swab samples from 13 adolescents and their mothers were collected for up to 4 weeks. After DNA was isolated from the swabs, the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. We calculated distances between the bacterial communities in different samples to investigate the relationship between the vaginal microbiota of the mother/daughter pairs and the daughter’s birth mode. We also cultivated Lactobacillus crispatus from the mother and daughter of 1 pair. To investigate the possibility of direct transmission and persistence of one member of the vaginal microbiota, we isolated DNA from the L. crispatus isolates and compared their genomes with each other and other publicly available L. crispatus genome sequences.ResultsThe vaginal microbiotas of mother/daughter pairs were more similar to each other if the daughter was born by vaginal delivery rather than by C-section. Additionally, genome sequences from an important member of the vaginal microbiota, L. crispatus, isolated from one mother/daughter pair in which the daughter was born by vaginal delivery, were highly similar.ConclusionBoth community-level analysis and isolate genome sequence analysis are consistent with birth-mode dependent transmission and persistence of at least some members of the vaginal microbiota.

scholarly journals Vaginal Microbiota of Adolescent Girls Prior to the Onset of Menarche Resemble Those of Reproductive-Age Women

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana J. Hickey ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
Matthew L. Settles ◽  
Julie Erb ◽  
Kristin Malone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTPuberty is an important developmental stage wherein hormonal shifts mediate the physical and physiological changes that lead to menarche, but until now, the bacterial composition of vaginal microbiota during this period has been poorly characterized. We performed a prospective longitudinal study of perimenarcheal girls to gain insight into the timing and sequence of changes that occur in the vaginal and vulvar microbiota during puberty. The study enrolled 31 healthy, premenarcheal girls between the ages of 10 and 12 years and collected vaginal and vulvar swabs quarterly for up to 3 years. Bacterial composition was characterized by Roche 454 pyrosequencing and classification of regions V1 to V3 of 16S rRNA genes. Contrary to expectations, lactic acid bacteria, primarily Lactobacillus spp., were dominant in the microbiota of most girls well before the onset of menarche in the early to middle stages of puberty.Gardnerella vaginaliswas detected at appreciable levels in approximately one-third of subjects, a notable finding considering that this organism is commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis in adults. Vulvar microbiota closely resembled vaginal microbiota but often exhibited additional taxa typically associated with skin microbiota. Our findings suggest that the vaginal microbiota of girls begin to resemble those of adults well before the onset of menarche.IMPORTANCEThis study addresses longitudinal changes in vaginal and vulvar microbial communities prior to and immediately following menarche. The research is significant because microbial ecology of the vagina is an integral aspect of health, including resistance to infections. The physiologic changes of puberty and initiation of cyclic menstruation are likely to have profound effects on vaginal microbiota, but almost nothing is known about changes that normally occur during this time. Our understanding has been especially hampered by the lack of thorough characterization of microbial communities using techniques that do not rely on the cultivation of fastidious bacteria, as well as a dearth of studies on girls in the early to middle stages of puberty. This study improves our understanding of the normal development of vaginal microbiota during puberty and onset of menarche and may better inform clinical approaches to vulvovaginal care of adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Microbiota dysbiosis and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonkyung Chang ◽  
Ho Geol Woo ◽  
Jee Hyang Jeong ◽  
Geon Ha Kim ◽  
Kee Duk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Poor Functional Outcome ◽  
Blood Microbiota

AbstractCurrently, few studies are reported on the composition of microbiota in stroke patients and the association with stroke prognosis. This study investigated the differing microbiota composition in stroke patients and confirmed the association of microbiota composition with poor functional outcome. Between January of 2018 and December of 2019, 198 patients with acute cerebral infarction were included in this study. For the case–control study, age and sex-matched normal healthy subjects (n = 200) were included when receiving their health screening examinations. We isolated bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles and extracted DNA from blood samples. Taxonomic assignments were performed by using the sequence reads of 16S rRNA genes following blood microbiota analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted appropriately by using Statistical Analysis System software. The mean age of the stroke patients were 63.7 ± 12.5 years, and the male sex was 58.5%. Of the total enrolled patients, poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≥ 3) was noted in 19.7%. The principal component analysis of microbiota composition revealed significant differences between healthy control subjects and stroke patients. At the genus level, Aerococcaceae(f), ZB2(c), TM7-1(c), and Flavobacterium were significantly increased in stroke patients compared to the healthy controls, whereas Mucispirillum, rc4-4, Akkermansia, Clostridiales(o), Lactobacillus, and Stenotrophomonas were decreased considerably. For the functional outcome after ischemic stroke, Anaerococcus, Blautia, Dialister, Aerococcaceae(f), Propionibacterium, Microbacteriaceae(f), and Rothia were enriched in the group with good outcomes, whereas Ruminococcaceae(f) and Prevotella were enriched in the group with poor outcome. There was apparent dysbiosis of blood microbiota in patients with acute ischemic stroke compared to healthy people. Ruminococcaceae(f) and Prevotella were elevated in stroke patients with poor functional outcome.

Effect of gastrointestinal microbiome and its diversity on the expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14187-e14187
Author(s):  
Jiajie Shi ◽  
Cuizhi Geng
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Species Level ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
The Relationship

e14187 Background: The diversity of gastrointestinal microbiome is closely related to human health. In the present study, we compared gastrointestinal microbiome and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: A total of 80 BC patients were divided into three groups based on the expression of TILs as follows: high expression of TILs (TIL-H), medium expression of TILs (TIL-M) and low expression of TILs (TIL-L). DNA of gastrointestinal microbiome was determined by Illumina sequencing and taxonomy of 16S rRNA genes. Kruskal-Wallis test and UniFrac analysis of β-diversity were applied to assess the relationship between patients’ clinical characteristics and diversity of gastrointestinal microbiome. Results: The β-diversity distribution was statistically significant (weighted UniFrac P < 0.01, unweighted UniFac P < 0.01) when comparing between the TIL-L and TIL-H groups or among the three groups (TIL-H vs. TIL-M vs. TIL-L). At the genus level, higher abundances of Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Catenibacterium, Bulleidia, Anaerofilum, Sneathia, Devosia and TG5 but lower abundances of Methanosphaera and Anaerobiospirillum ( P < 0.05) were identified in the TIL-L group compared with the TIL-H group . At the species level, the species of stercoris, barnesiae, coprophilus, flavefaciens and C21_c20 displayed a higher abundance in the TIL-L group, while producta and komagatae exhibited a greater abundance in the TIL-H group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Collectively, the diversity of gastrointestinal microbiome was related to the expression of TILs in BC patients.

scholarly journals Potential of fecal microbiota for detection and postoperative surveillance of colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiulin Yao ◽  
Meifang Tang ◽  
Liuhong Zeng ◽  
Zhonghua Chu ◽  
Hui Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. In recent studies, the gut microbiota has been reported to be potentially involved in aggravating or favoring CRC development. However, little is known about the microbiota composition in CRC patients after treatment. In this study, we explored the fecal microbiota composition to obtain a periscopic view of gut microbial communities. We analyzed microbial 16S rRNA genes from 107 fecal samples of Chinese individuals from three groups, including 33 normal controls (NC), 38 CRC patients (Fa), and 36 CRC post-surgery patients (Fb). Results Species richness and diversity were decreased in the Fa and Fb groups compared with that of the NC group. Partial least squares discrimination analysis showed clustering of samples according to disease with an obvious separation between the Fa and NC, and Fb and NC groups, as well as a partial separation between the Fa and Fb groups. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis and a receiver operating characteristic model, Fusobacterium was suggested as a potential biomarker for CRC screening. Additionally, we found that surgery greatly reduced the bacterial diversity of microbiota in CRC patients. Some commensal beneficial bacteria of the intestinal canal, such as Faecalibacterium and Prevotella, were decreased, whereas the drug-resistant Enterococcus was visibly increased in CRC post-surgery group. Meanwhile, we observed a declining tendency of Fusobacterium in the majority of follow-up CRC patients who were still alive approximately 3 y after surgery. We also observed that beneficial bacteria dramatically decreased in CRC patients that recidivated or died after surgery. This revealed that important bacteria might be associated with prognosis. Conclusions The fecal bacterial diversity was diminished in CRC patients compared with that in NC. Enrichment and depletion of several bacterial strains associated with carcinomas and inflammation were detected in CRC samples. Fusobacterium might be a potential biomarker for early screening of CRC in Chinese or Asian populations. In summary, this study indicated that fecal microbiome-based approaches could be a feasible method for detecting CRC and monitoring prognosis post-surgery.

scholarly journals Biofilm Microbiome in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Catheters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeuni Yu ◽  
Yun Hak Kim ◽  
Woo Hyun Cho ◽  
HYE JU YEO
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background : To assess the relationship between bacteremia and biofilms in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) catheters.Methods: We evaluated the biofilm microbiome of ECMO catheters from adults with (n = 6) and without bacteremia (n = 15). Microbiomes of the catheter biofilms were evaluated by profiling the V3 and V4 regions of bacterial 16s rRNA genes using the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform.Results: In total, 2,548,172 reads, with an average of 121,341 reads per sample, were generated. Although alpha diversity was slightly higher in the non-bacteremic group, it was not statistically significant. Also, there was no difference in beta diversity between the two groups. At the genus level, Delftia was more abundant in the non-bacteremic group, but Bacillus, Flavobacterium, CL0-1, Candidatus, and Xiphinematobacter were more abundant in the bacteremic group. In particular, Arthrobacter, SMB53, Neisseria, Candidatus, Ortrobactrum, Candidatus, Rhabdochlamydia, Deefgae, Dyella, Paracoccus, and Pedobacter were more abundant in the bacteremic group. In a network analysis, compared to the non-bacteremic group, the microbiome of the bacteremic group was very complex. Notably, there was a significant elevation in the secretion system of the non-bacteremic group.Conclusions: Biofilm characteristics in ECMO catheters varied according to the presence or absence of bacteremia.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Mycoplasma synoviae and New Targets for Molecular Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Fengying Lu ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Huawei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Mycoplasma Synoviae

Mycoplasma synoviae is an important pathogen of poultry, causing significant economic losses in this industry. Analysis of the unique genes and shared genes among different M. synoviae strains and among related species is helpful for studying the molecular pathogenesis of M. synoviae and provides valuable molecular diagnostic targets to facilitate the identification of M. synoviae species. We selected a total of 46 strains, including six M. synoviae strains, from 25 major animal (including avian) Mycoplasma species/subspecies that had complete genome sequences and annotation information published in GenBank, and used them for comparative genomic analysis. After analysis, 16 common genes were found in the 46 strains. Thirteen single-copy core genes and the 16s rRNA genes were used for genetic evolutionary analysis. M. synoviae was found to have a distant evolutionary relationship not only with other arthritis-causing mycoplasmas, but also with another major avian pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, that shares the major virulence factor vlhA with M. synoviae. Subsequently, six unique coding genes were identified as shared among these M. synoviae strains that are absent in other species with published genome sequences. Two of the genes were found to be located in the genetically stable regions of the genomes of M. synoviae and were determined to be present in all M. synoviae isolated strains (n = 20) and M. synoviae-positive clinical samples (n = 48) preserved in our laboratory. These two genes were used as molecular diagnostic targets for which SYBR green quantitative PCR detection methods were designed. The two quantitative PCR methods exhibited good reproducibility and high specificity when tested on positive plasmid controls and genomic DNA extracted from different M. synoviae strains, other major avian pathogenic bacteria/mycoplasmas, and low pathogenic Mycoplasma species. The detection limit for the two genes was 10 copies or less per reaction. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative PCR methods were both 100% based on testing chicken hock joint samples with positive or negative M. synoviae infection. This research provides a foundation for the study of species-specific differences and molecular diagnosis of M. synoviae.

scholarly journals VASCULAR WALL CONDITION, GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION, AND DIET IN PATIENTS WITHOUTCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
D A Kashtanova ◽  
O N Tkacheva ◽  
L V Egshatyan ◽  
E V Plokhova ◽  
A S Popenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Program Analysis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Purpose of the study. To study the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the state of the vascular wall and nutrient intake in patients without clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease.Materials and methods. The study included 92 residents from Moscow and the Moscow region, men and women aged 25 to 76 y.o., without clinical manifestations of chronic diseases, with no medical treatment but with possible presence of cardiovascular risk factors. All the participants were examined with duplex scanning of the carotid arteries with the definition of the thickness of the intima-media complex (IMC), the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), the measurement of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (C-RP) and sequencing of the V3-V4 variable regions of 16S rRNA genes of the gut microbiota.Diet was studied by quantitative assessment of consumer products using a standardized computer program «Analysis of Human Nutrition states» (version 1.2.4 Research Institute of Nutrition 2003-2006).Results. The study revealed that in the investigated cohort IMC thickness was greater in those with a large number of bacterial genera Serratia and Blautia. Bifidobacterium representation was increased and Blautia representation was decreased in those who consumed a lot of starch.Conclusion. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with both vascular wall stiffness and atherosclerosis. In addition, the bacteria associated with subclinical atherosclerosis were more represented among those who consumed smaller amounts of complex carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Human fecal microbiota is associated with colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiulin Yao ◽  
Meifang Tang ◽  
Liuhong Zeng ◽  
Zhonghua Chu ◽  
Hui Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Potential Biomarker

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. In recent studies, the gut microbiota has been reported to be potentially involved in aggravating or favoring CRC development. However, little is known about the microbiota composition in CRC patients after treatment. In this study, we explored the fecal microbiota composition to obtain a periscopic view of gut microbial communities. We analyzed microbial 16S rRNA genes from 107 fecal samples of Chinese individuals from three groups, including 33 healthy individuals (Normal), 38 CRC patients (Fa), and 36 CRC post-surgery patients (Fb).ResultsSpecies richness and diversity were decreased in the Fa and Fb groups compared with that of the Normal group. Partial least squares discrimination analysis showed clustering of samples according to disease with an obvious separation between the Fa and Normal, and Fb and Normal groups, as well as a partial separation between the Fa and Fb groups. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis and a receiver operating characteristic model, Fusobacterium was suggested as a potential biomarker for CRC screening. Additionally, we found that surgery greatly reduced the bacterial diversity of microbiota in CRC patients. Some commensal beneficial bacteria of the intestinal canal, such as Faecalibacterium and Prevotella, were decreased, whereas the drug-resistant Enterococcus was visibly increased in CRC post-surgery group. Meanwhile, we observed a declining tendency of Fusobacterium in the majority of follow-up CRC patients who were still alive approximately 3 y after surgery. We also observed that beneficial bacteria dramatically decreased in CRC patients that recidivated or died after surgery. This revealed that important bacteria might be associated with prognosis.ConclusionsThe fecal bacterial diversity was diminished in CRC patients compared with that in healthy individuals. Enrichment and depletion of several bacterial strains associated with carcinomas and inflammation were detected in CRC samples. Fusobacterium might be a potential biomarker for early screening of CRC in Chinese or Asian populations. In summary, this study indicated that fecal microbiome-based approaches could be a feasible method for detecting CRC and monitoring prognosis post-surgery.

scholarly journals Parity and gestational age are associated with vaginal microbiota composition in term and late term pregnancies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Kervinen ◽  
Tiina Holster ◽  
Schahzad Saqib ◽  
Seppo Virtanen ◽  
Vedran Stefanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Intense Research

Abstract Vaginal microbiota and its potential contribution to preterm birth has been under intense research in recent years. However, only few studies have studied vaginal microbiota in later stages of pregnancy or at the onset of labor. We analyzed vaginal swab samples collected between 37- and 42-weeks of gestation from 324 Finnish women before elective cesarean section, at the onset of spontaneous labor, and in pregnancies continuing beyond 41 weeks of gestation. Vaginal microbiota composition associated strongly with parity, i.e. previous deliveries, and advancing gestational age. Absence of previous deliveries was a strong predictor of L. crispatus dominated vaginal microbiota, and the relative abundance of L. crispatus was higher in late term pregnancies, especially among nulliparous women. The results underscore the importance of the vaginal microbiota for improving the currently limited understanding on how the duration of gestation and timing of birth is regulated, with potentially vast clinical utilities.

scholarly journals A Genome-Based Species Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus Genus Complex

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Wittouck ◽  
Sander Wuyts ◽  
Conor J. Meehan ◽  
Vera van Noort ◽  
Sarah Lebeer
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Species Level ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Species Taxonomy ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT There are more than 200 published species within the Lactobacillus genus complex (LGC), the majority of which have sequenced type strain genomes available. Although genome-based species delimitation cutoffs are accepted as the gold standard by the community, these are seldom actually checked for new or already published species. In addition, the availability of genome data is revealing inconsistencies in the species-level classification of many strains. We constructed a de novo species taxonomy for the LGC based on 2,459 publicly available genomes, using a 94% core nucleotide identity cutoff. We reconciled these de novo species with published species and subspecies names by (i) identifying genomes of type strains and (ii) comparing 16S rRNA genes of the genomes with 16S rRNA genes of type strains. We found that genomes within the LGC could be divided into 239 de novo species that were discontinuous and exclusive. Comparison of these de novo species to published species led to the identification of nine sets of published species that can be merged and one species that can be split. Further, we found at least eight de novo species that constitute new, unpublished species. Finally, we reclassified 74 genomes on the species level and identified for the first time the species of 98 genomes. Overall, the current state of LGC species taxonomy is largely consistent with genome-based species delimitation cutoffs. There are, however, exceptions that should be resolved to evolve toward a taxonomy where species share a consistent diversity in terms of sequence divergence. IMPORTANCE The Lactobacillus genus complex is a group of bacteria that constitutes an important source of strains with medical and food applications. The number of bacterial whole-genome sequences available for this taxon has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Despite this wealth of information, the species within this group are still largely defined by older techniques. Here, we constructed a completely new species-level taxonomy for the Lactobacillus genus complex based on ∼2,500 whole-genome sequences. As a result of this effort, we found that many genomes are not classified to their correct species, and we were able to correct these. In addition, we found that some published species are abnormally large, while others are too small. Finally, we discovered at least eight completely novel species that have not been published before. Our work will help the field to evolve toward a more meaningful and complete taxonomy, based on whole-genome sequences.

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