scholarly journals Accumulation of genetic variants associated with immunity in the selective breeding of broilers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Zou ◽  
Kerry Nadeau ◽  
Pauline W. Wang ◽  
Jee Yeon Lee ◽  
David S. Guttman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Increasing Demand

ABSTRACTTo satisfy an increasing demand for dietary protein, the poultry industry has employed genetic selection to increase the growth rate of broilers by over 400% in the past 50 years. Although modern broilers reach a marketable weight of ∼2 kg in a short span of 35 days, a speed twice as fast as a broiler 50 years ago, the expedited growth has been associated with several negative detrimental consequences. Aside from heart and musculoskeletal problems, which are direct consequences of additional weight, the immune response is also thought to be altered in modern broilers. Given that identifying the underlying genetic basis responsible for a less sensitive innate immune response would be economically beneficial for poultry breeding, we decided to compare the genomes of two unselected meat control strains that are representative of broilers from 1957 and 1978, and a current commercial broiler line. Through analysis of genetic variants, we developed a custom prioritization strategy to identify genes and pathways that have accumulated genetic changes and are biologically relevant to immune response and growth performance. Our results highlight two genes, TLR3 and PLIN3, with genetic variants that are predicted to enhance growth performance at the expense of immune function. Placing these new genomes in the context of other chicken lines, reveal genetic changes that have specifically arisen in selective breeding programs that were implemented in the last 50 years.

Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

Effects of potential probiotics on growth performance and immune response of the juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-hui ZHOU ◽  
Hong-ming MA ◽  
Wen-bing ZHANG ◽  
Wei XU ◽  
Zhi-guo LIUFU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus

scholarly journals Effects of Rocket Seed Oil, Wheat Germ Oil, and Their Mixture on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Digestibility, Redox Status, and Meat Fatty Acid Profile of Growing Rabbits

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Sabrin Abdelrahman Morshedy ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdelmodather ◽  
Mohamed M. Basyony ◽  
Soliman A. Zahran ◽  
Mohamed A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil

Vegetable oils are a source of natural antioxidants, including tocopherols, sterols, phenolic compounds, coenzymes, and polyunsaturated fatty acids that provide nutritional value, organoleptic properties, and significantly delay or prevent lipid oxidation. Eighty-four V-line rabbits at 5 weeks of age with an initial body weight (BW) of 535.60 ± 13.48 g were assigned randomly to four experimental groups (seven replicates in each group with three rabbits each). The first group served as a control and received 0.3 mL/kg BW of distilled water (CON), while the second and third groups received 0.3 mL/kg BW of rocket seed oil (RSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO), respectively. The fourth group received a mixture of oils consisting of 0.15 mL of RSO and 0.15 mL of WGO/kg BW (MOs). The experiment lasted 7 weeks. The study investigated the effects of RSO, WGO, and their mixture on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status, and immune response of growing rabbits. The results indicated that the rabbits that were administered orally with RSO and WGO or their mixture had higher (p ≤ 0.05) final BW, weight gain, and average daily gain when compared to the control group. In addition, the feed conversion ratio improved significantly with RSO, WGO, and MOs treatments. Different oil treatments improved nutrient digestibility, nutritive value, and nitrogen balance. Moreover, the rabbits that received RSO, WGO, and their mixture had an improvement the meat fatty acid composition compared to the control rabbits. Oral administration of RSO, WGO, and their mixture significantly improved serum protein fractions, decreased blood urea nitrogen, and had a positive effect on serum total lipids, HDL-c, and LDL-c. Furthermore, the treatments of RSO, WGO, and MOs had a significant improvement in the antioxidative status and immune response.

Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) powder improves growth performance and immune response but shows limited antioxidant capacity for Nile tilapia infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fogaça Naliato ◽  
Pedro Luiz Pucci Figueiredo Carvalho ◽  
Igor Simões Tiagua Vicente ◽  
William dos Santos Xavier ◽  
Matheus Gardim Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Zingiber Officinale
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