scholarly journals Physical activity and risks of breast and colorectal cancer: A Mendelian randomization analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Papadimitriou ◽  
Niki Dimou ◽  
Konstantinos K Tsilidis ◽  
Barbara Banbury ◽  
Richard M Martin ◽  
...  

AbstractPhysical activity has been associated with lower risks of breast and colorectal cancer in epidemiological studies; however, it is unknown if these associations are causal or confounded. In two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, using summary genetic data from the UK Biobank and GWA consortia, we found that a one standard deviation increment in average acceleration was associated with lower risks of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42 to 0.84, P-value=0.003) and colorectal cancer (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.82, P-value=2*E-4). We found similar magnitude inverse associations by breast cancer subtype and by colorectal cancer anatomical site. Our results support a potentially causal relationship between higher physical activity levels and lower risks of breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Based on these data, the promotion of physical activity is probably an effective strategy in the primary prevention of these commonly diagnosed cancers.DisclaimerWhere authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Papadimitriou ◽  
N. Dimou ◽  
D. Gill ◽  
I. Tzoulaki ◽  
N. Murphy ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiological literature reports inconsistent associations between consumption or circulating concentrations of micro-nutrients and breast cancer risk. We investigated associations between genetically determined concentrations of 11 micro-nutrients (beta-carotene, calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and zinc) and breast cancer risk using Mendelian randomization (MR).Materials and methodsA two-sample MR study was conducted using 122,977 women with breast cancer, of whom 69,501 were estrogen receptor positive (ER+ve) and 21,468 were ER−ve, and 105,974 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. MR analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted approach, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions.ResultsOne standard deviation (SD: 0.08 mmol/L) higher genetically determined concentration of magnesium was associated with a 17% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 1.25, P=9.1 × 10−7) and 20% (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.30, P=3.17 × 10−6) higher risk of overall and ER+ve breast cancer, respectively. An inverse association was observed for a SD (0.5 mg/dL) higher genetically determined phosphorus concentration and ER−ve breast cancer (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.98, P=0.03). A suggestive inverse association was observed for a SD (0.48 mg/dL) higher genetically determined calcium concentration with overall breast cancer (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.00, P=0.06). There was little evidence that any of the other nutrients were associated with breast cancer. The results for magnesium were robust under all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsHigher circulating concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus and calcium may affect breast cancer risk. Further work is required to replicate these findings and investigate underlying mechanisms.key messageWe conducted a Mendelian randomization study to investigate whether concentrations of 11 micro-nutrients are associated with risk of breast cancer. An increased risk of overall and oestrogen-receptor positive disease was observed for genetically higher concentrations of magnesium and inverse associations were observed for phosphorus and calcium concentrationsWhere authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Fera Riswidautami Herwandar ◽  
Russiska Russiska ◽  
Intan Maharani Fakhrudin

Permasalahan kesehatan pada remaja yang menduduki persentasi terbesar dibanding yang lainnya adalah gangguan menstruasi. Gangguan pada siklus menstruasi (durasi perdarahan yang lebih lama dan ketidakteraturan siklus) disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya ialah stres. Stres diketahui sebagai faktor-faktor penyebab (etiologi) terjadinya gangguan siklus menstruasi. Stres akan memicu pelepasan hormon kortisol dimana hormon kortisol ini dijadikan tolak ukur untuk melihat derajat stres seseorang. Hormon kortisol diatur oleh hipotalamus otak dan kelenjar pituitari, dengan dimulainya aktivitas hipotalamus, hipofisis mengeluarkan FSH dan proses stimulus ovarium akan menghasilkan estrogen. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR) dibawah naungan World Health Organization (WHO) menyebutkan bahwa permasalahan remaja di Indonesia adalah seputar permasalahan yang mengenai gangguan menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan tahun 2019 sebanyak 41 responden. Analisis yang digunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan, dari 41 responden terdapat 18 (44%) responden yang mengalami stres sedang, pada siklus menstruasi yang tidak teratur terdapat 25 (61%) responden. Hasil uji rank spearman,  yakni p value = 0,01 (<0,05) yang ada hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan tahun 2019. Bagi institusi Pendidikan khususnya Program Studi Diploma III Kebidanan diharapkan dapat membuat sebuah program edukasi mengenai manajemen stres pada remaja yang bisa dilakukan secara rutin di luar jadwal perkuliahan.  


Author(s):  
Dini Kesumah Dini Kesumah

ABSTRACT According to World Health Organization Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 showed 49% of deaths occur in children under five in developing countries. Nutritional problems can not be done with the medical and health care approach alone. Causes related to malnutrition that maternal education, socioeconomic families, poor environmental sanitation, and lack of food supplies. This study aims to determine the relationship between education and socioeconomic status of families with nutrition survey using a cross sectional analytic approach, with a population of all mothers of children under five who visited the health center in Palembang Keramasan Accidental sampling Sampling the number of samples obtained 35 respondents. Variables include the study independent and dependent variables and univariate analysis using Chi-Square test statistic with a significance level α = 0.05. The results from 35 respondents indicate that highly educated mothers earned as many as 16 people (45.7%), and middle and upper income families as many as 12 people (34.3%) and bivariate test results show that highly educated respondents toddler nutritional status good for 81.3% (13 people) is larger than the less educated respondents balitanya good nutritional status 26.3% (5 persons) as well as respondents who have middle and upper socioeconomic families with good nutritional status of children at 91.7% ( 11 people) is larger when compared to respondents who have family socioeconomic medium with good nutritional status of children at 30.4% (7 people). Statistical tests show that education has a significant relationship with nutritional status of children P value = 0.004 and socioeconomic families have a meaningful relationship with nutritional status of children P value = 0.002. Based on the results of the study suggested the health professionals in the health center should further improve the education, information about the importance of nutrition to the development of the child in the mothers through the selection and processing of good food and a good diet through health centers and integrated health.   ABSTRAK  Menurut badan kesehatan World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2005 menunjukkan 49% kematian yang terjadi pada anak dibawah umur lima tahun di negara berkembang. Masalah gizi ini tidak dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan medis dan pelayanan kesehatan saja. Penyebab yang berhubungan dengan kurang gizi yaitu pendidikan ibu, sosial ekonomi keluarga, sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik,dan kurangnya persediaan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan status gizi balita dengan menggunakan metode survei analitik pendekatan secara Cross Sectional, dengan populasi semua ibu yang memiliki anak balita yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Keramasan Palembang dengan pengambilan sampel secara Accidental Sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel 35 responden. Variabel penelitian meliputi variabel independen dan dependen serta analisis univariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 35 responden didapatkan ibu yang berpendidikan tinggi sebanyak 16 orang  (45,7%), dan keluarga yang berpenghasilan menengah keatas sebanyak 12 orang (34,3%) dan hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden yang berpendidikan tinggi status gizi balitanya baik sebesar 81,3% (13 orang) lebih besar bila dibanding responden yang berpendidikan rendah status gizi balitanya baik 26,3% (5 orang) serta responden yang mempunyai sosial ekonomi keluarga menengah keatas dengan status gizi balita baik sebesar 91,7% (11 orang) lebih besar bila dibanding responden yang mempunyai sosial ekonomi keluarga menengah kebawah dengan status gizi balita baik sebesar 30,4% (7 orang). Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi balita P value = 0,004 dan sosial ekonomi keluarga mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi balita P value = 0,002. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan pada petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas hendaknya lebih meningkatkan penyuluhan-penyuluhan tentang pentingnya gizi terhadap tumbuh kembang anak pada ibu-ibu melalui cara pemilihan dan pengolahan bahan makanan yang baik serta pola makanan yang baik melalui kegiatan Puskesmas dan Posyandu.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Ardyana ◽  
Erma Puspita Sari

Latar belakang: Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) setiap tahunnya kira-kira 3%(3,6 juta) dari 120 juta bayi baru lahir mengalami asfiksia,hampir 1 juta bayi ini meninggal. Di Amerika diperkirakan 12.000 bayi meninggal atau menderita kelainan akibat asfiksia perinatal.Sebagian kasus Asfiksia Neonatorum pada bayi baru lahir merupakan kelanjutan dari asfiksia intrauterin. Maka dari itu,diagnosa dini pada penderita Asfiksia merupakan arti penting dalam merencanakan resusitasi yang akan dilakukan.Setelah bayi lahir, diagnosa asfiksia dapat dilakukan dengan menetapkan nilai APGAR. Tujuan: diketahuinya hubungan lilitan tali pusat,partus lama dan plasenta previa dengan kejadian Asfiksia neonatorum di Rumah Sakit “P” Palembang Tahun 2018. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian seluruh ibu bersalin di zal kebidanan di Rumah Sakit “P” Palembang pada tahun 2018 yang berjumlah 820 orang. Hasil: Hasil analisis univariat diketahui yang mengalami asfiksia neonatorum sebanyak 20 responden (22,5%),yang mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 15 responden(16,9%),yang mengalami partus lama sebanyak 20 responden (22,5%) dan yang mengalami lilitan tali pusat sebanyak 27 responden (30,3%).Sedangkan hasil uji chi square menunjukan ada hubungan plasenta previa dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum dengan p value = 0,000,ada hubungan partus lama dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum dengan p value = 0,000,dan ada hubungan lilitan tali pusat dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum dengan p value = 0,000. Saran: kepada Pimpinan Rumah Sakit untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan khususnya mengenai bahaya asfiksia neonatorum. Kata kunci : Lilitan Tali Pusat,Partus Lama,Plasenta Previa,Asfiksia Neonatorum


2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199850
Author(s):  
Vivek Podder ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Patil S. Suchitra ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
...  

Rationale: India has a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which can be lowered by regular physical activity. To understand this association, recent population data is required which is representative of all the states and union territories of the country. Objective: We aimed to investigate the patterns of physical activity in India, stratified by zones, body mass index (BMI), urban, rural areas, and gender. Method: We present the analysis of physical activity status from the data collected during the phase 1 of a pan-India study. This ( Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata 2017) was a multicenter pan-India cluster sampled trial with dual objectives. A survey to identify all individuals at a high risk for diabetes, using a validated instrument called the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), was followed by a two-armed randomized yoga-based lifestyle intervention for the primary prevention of diabetes. The physical activity was scored as per IDRS (vigorous exercise or strenuous at work = 0, moderate exercise at home/work = 10, mild exercise at home/work = 20, no exercise = 30). This was done in a selected cluster using a mobile application. A weighted prevalence was calculated based on the nonresponse rate and design weight. Results: We analyzed the data from 2,33,805 individuals; the mean age was 41.4 years (SD 13.4). Of these, 50.6% were females and 49.4% were males; 45.8% were from rural areas and 54% from urban areas. The BMI was 24.7 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 . Briefly, 20% were physically inactive and 57% of the people were either inactive or mildly active. 21.2% of females were found physically inactive, whereas 19.2% of males were inactive. Individuals living in urban localities were proportionately more inactive (21.7% vs. 18.8%) or mildly active (38.9% vs. 34.8%) than the rural people. Individuals from the central (29.6%) and south zones (28.6%) of the country were also relatively inactive, in contrast to those from the northwest zone (14.2%). The known diabetics were found to be physically inactive (28.3% vs. 19.8%) when compared with those unaware of their diabetic status. Conclusion: 20% and 37% of the population in India are not active or mildly active, respectively, and thus 57% of the surveyed population do not meet the physical activity regimen recommended by the World Health Organization. This puts a large Indian population at risk of developing various NCDs, which are being increasingly reported to be vulnerable to COVID-19 infections. India needs to adopt the four strategic objectives recommended by the World Health Organization for reducing the prevalence of physical inactivity.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
...  

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Jumiati Jumiati

Pendahuluan : Abortus menjadi masalah yang penting dalam kesehatan masyarakat karena berpengaruh terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2016, sekitar 830 wanita meninggal akibat komplikasi terkait kehamilan di seluruh dunia setiap hari. Selama 2010–2014, diperkirakan 56 juta abortus terjadi setiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan abortus di RSU Mutia Sari Duri periode 2017. Metode : penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang mengalami abortus di RSU Mutia Sari Duri periode 2017 yang berjumlah 86 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling  yaitu seluruh populasi. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji statistik Chi-square. Hasil : data yang diperoleh dari hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan jarak kehamilan dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,04 (p<0,05), tidak ada hubungan usia dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,48 (p>0,05), ada hubungan paritas dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,03 (p<0,05), dan ada hubungan pekerjaan dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,04 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan : penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan jarak kehamilan, paritas dan pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan abortus dan tidak ada hubungan usia ibu hamil dengan abortus di RSU Mutia Sari Duri periode 2017.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Admin ◽  
Fera Siska

Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan insidens Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) di negara berkembang dengan angka kematian balita di atas 40 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Asap rokok sebagai salah satu resiko timbulnya ISPA merupakan masalah yang sangat sulit untuk di minimalisir. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok di dalam rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak balita 0-5 tahun di Puskesmas Bukit Sangkal Palembang tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan analitik cross sectional. Populasi semua ibu yang membawa anak usia 0-5 tahun ke Puskesmas Bukit Sangkal Palembang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan distribusi frekuensi responden yang dinyatakan menderita ISPA sebanyak 11 responden (36,7%) dan responden yang anggota keluarganya merokok sebanyak 17 responden (56,7%). Hasil uji statistik didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Puskesmas Bukit Sangkal Palembang Tahun 2019 dengan p value = 0,007 < α (0,05) dan nilai OR = 17,143. Saran penelitian diharapkan pihak puskesmas dapat meningkatkan penyuluhan kesehatan secara rutin kepada masyarakat tentang bagaimana cara mencegah dan menanggulangi penyakit ISPA di masyarakat.


Author(s):  
Wulan Citra Sari

World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan bahwa angka kematian ibu yang disebabkan oleh abortus sekitar 15-50%, di Asia Tenggara setiap tahun sebesar 4,2 juta ibu hamil mengalami Abortus termasuk Indonesia mengalaminya dimana angka kejadian tersebut mencapai 750.000 sampai 1,5 juta pertahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur dan paritas ibu terhadap kejadian abortus imminens. Hubungan faktor faktor tersebut dicari mengunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Untuk populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil trimester I dan II yang pernah dirawat di zaal kebidananan RS. AR. Bunda Prabumulih tahun 2019 yang berjumlah 278 orang. Sedangkan sampel penelitian ini adalah total populasi sebanyak 278 orang. Dari hasil analisa bivariat didapatkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian abortus imminens yaitu faktor umur dimana P. Value = 0,000 lebih kecil dari P.Value= 0,05 dan faktor  paritas dimana  P.Value = 0,000 lebih kecil dari P.Value= 0,05. Sehingga semua faktor yang diteliti berhubungan terhadap kejadian abortus imminens.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021
Author(s):  
Edgard Melo Keene von Koenig Soares ◽  
Guilherme E. Molina ◽  
Daniel Saint Martin ◽  
João Luís A. E. Sadat P. Leitão ◽  
Keila E. Fontana ◽  
...  

Background: The World Health Organization recommends 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) throughout the week. However, the weekly frequency of PA and how to combine moderate and vigorous PA to define who reaches the recommended PA are controversial. PA level might be highly different based on the recommendation and/or the criteria employed. Methods: Demographic data and PA level evaluated by International Physical Activity Questionnaire from 3 random and representative samples from 1 state, 1 city, and 1 local organization in Brazil were analyzed (n = 2961). Nine criteria from different recommendations were used to define PA level. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals of sufficient PA were calculated for each criterion and compared with the referent (World Health Organization guideline). Total agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were also calculated with 95% confidence interval. Results: When a weekly frequency of PA was required, the prevalence of sufficient PA decreased by 11% (P < .05). For all criteria, doubling the vigorous PA minutes was similar to simply adding them to moderate PA. These findings are consistent regardless of sex, age, and educational level. Conclusion: Prevalence estimates and agreement between different PA recommendations were significantly affected when a minimum frequency was required but did not change when vigorous PA minutes were doubled.


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