scholarly journals Admistration of Exogenous Melatonin Improves the Diurnal Rhythms of Gut Microbiota in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yin ◽  
Yuying Li ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

AbstractMelatonin, a circadian hormone, has been reported to improve host lipid metabolism by reprogramming gut microbiota, which also exhibits rhythmicity in a light/dark cycle. However, the effect of admistartion of exogenous melatonin on the diurnal variation in gut microbiota in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice is obscure. Here, we further confirmed the anti-obesogenic effect of melatonin on in mice feed with HFD for two weeks. Samples were collected every 4 h within a 24-h period and diurnal rhythms of clock genes expression (Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per2) and serum lipid indexes varied with diurnal time. Notably, Clock and triglycerides (TG) showed a marked rhythm only in the control and melatonin treated mice, but not in the HFD-fed mice. Rhythmicity of these parameters were similar between control and melatonin treated HFD mice compared with the HFD group, indicating an improvement of melatonin in the diurnal clock of host metabolism in HFD-fed mice. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that most microbiota exhibited a daily rhythmicity and the trends differentiated at different groups and different time points. We also identified several specific microbiota correlating with the circadian clock genes and serum lipid indexes, which might contribute the potential mechanism of melatonin in HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, administration of exogenous melatonin only at daytime exhibited higher resistance to HFD-induced lipid dysmetabolism than nighttime treatment companying with altered gut microbiota (Lactobacillus, Intestinimonas, and Oscillibacter). Importantly, the responses of microbiota transplanted mice to HFD feeding also varied at different transplanting times (8:00 and 16:00) and different microbiota donors. In summary, daily oscillations in the expression of circadian clock genes, serum lipid indexes, and gut microbiota, appears to be driven by a short-time feeding of an HFD. Administration of exogenous melatonin improved the compositions and diurnal rhythmicity of gut microbiota, which might be linked to host diurnal rhythm and metabolism.ImportancePrevious studies show that a circadian hormone, melatonin, involves in host lipid metabolism by reprogramming gut microbiota, which also exhibits rhythmicity in a light/dark cycle. However, the effect of melatonin drinking on the diurnal variation in gut microbiota in high fat diet-fed mice is obscure. Here, we found that 24-h oscillations were widely occurred in circadian clock genes, serum lipid indexes, and gut microbiota. Melatonin drinking improved the compositions and circadian rhythmicity of gut microbiota, which might be linked to host circadian rhythm and metabolism.

scholarly journals Administration of Exogenous Melatonin Improves the Diurnal Rhythms of the Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yin ◽  
Yuying Li ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

ABSTRACT Melatonin, a circadian hormone, has been reported to improve host lipid metabolism by reprogramming the gut microbiota, which also exhibits rhythmicity in a light/dark cycle. However, the effect of the administration of exogenous melatonin on the diurnal variation in the gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) is unclear. Here, we further confirmed the antiobesogenic effect of melatonin on mice fed an HFD for 2 weeks. Samples were collected every 4 h within a 24-h period, and diurnal rhythms of clock gene expression (Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per2) and serum lipid indexes varied with diurnal time. Notably, Clock and triglycerides (TG) showed a marked rhythm in the control in melatonin-treated mice but not in the HFD-fed mice. The rhythmicity of these parameters was similar between the control and melatonin-treated HFD-fed mice compared with that in the HFD group, indicating an improvement caused by melatonin in the diurnal clock of host metabolism in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that most microbes exhibited daily rhythmicity, and the trends were different for different groups and at different time points. We also identified several specific microbes that correlated with the circadian clock genes and serum lipid indexes, which might indicate the potential mechanism of action of melatonin in HFD-fed mice. In addition, effects of melatonin exposure during daytime or nighttime were compared, but a nonsignificant difference was noticed in response to HFD-induced lipid dysmetabolism. Interestingly, the responses of microbiota-transplanted mice to HFD feeding also varied at different transplantation times (8:00 and 16:00) and with different microbiota donors. In summary, the daily oscillations in the expression of circadian clock genes, serum lipid indexes, and the gut microbiota appeared to be driven by short-term feeding of an HFD, while administration of exogenous melatonin improved the composition and diurnal rhythmicity of some specific gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota is strongly shaped by a high-fat diet, and obese humans and animals are characterized by low gut microbial diversity and impaired gut microbiota compositions. Comprehensive data on mammalian gut metagenomes shows gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, which is disturbed by a high-fat diet. On the other hand, melatonin is a natural and ubiquitous molecule showing multiple mechanisms of regulating the circadian clock and lipid metabolism, while the role of melatonin in the regulation of the diurnal patterns of gut microbial structure and function in obese animals is not yet known. This study delineates an intricate picture of melatonin-gut microbiota circadian rhythms and may provide insight for obesity intervention.

scholarly journals Exogenous melatonin improves growth in hulless barley seedlings under cold stress by influencing the expression rhythms of circadian clock genes

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10740
Author(s):  
Tianliang Chang ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Hongyan He ◽  
Qianqian Xi ◽  
Jiayi Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Background Melatonin is a hormone substance that exists in various living organisms. Since it was discovered in the pineal gland of cattle in 1956, the function of melatonin in animals has been roughly clarified. Nevertheless, in plants, the research on melatonin is still insufficient. Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum hook. f.) is a crop that originates from cultivated barley in the east, usually grown on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, becoming the most important food crop in this area. Although the genome and transcriptome research of highland barley has gradually increased recently years, there are still many problems about how hulless barley adapts to the cold climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods In this study, we set three temperature conditions 25°C, 15°C, 5°C hulless barley seedlings, and at the same time soaked the hulless barley seeds with a 1 µM melatonin solution for 12 hours before the hulless barley seeds germinated. Afterwards, the growth and physiological indicators of hulless barley seedlings under different treatment conditions were determined. Meanwhile, the qRT-PCR method was used to determine the transcription level of the hulless barley circadian clock genes under different treatment conditions under continuous light conditions. Results The results showed the possible mechanism by which melatonin pretreatment can promote the growth of hulless barley under cold stress conditions by studying the effect of melatonin on the rhythm of the circadian clock system and some physiological indicators. The results revealed that the application of 1 µM melatonin could alleviate the growth inhibition of hulless barley seedlings caused by cold stress. In addition, exogenous melatonin could also restore the circadian rhythmic oscillation of circadian clock genes, such as HvCCA1 and HvTOC1, whose circadian rhythmic phenotypes were lost due to environmental cold stress. Additionally, the results confirmed that exogenous melatonin even reduced the accumulation of key physiological indicators under cold stress, including malondialdehyde and soluble sugars. Discussion Overall, these findings revealed an important mechanism that exogenous melatonin alleviated the inhibition of plant vegetative growths either by restoring the disrupted circadian rhythmic expression oscillations of clock genes, or by regulating the accumulation profiles of pivotal physiological indicators under cold stress.

scholarly journals Association of Expression Levels of Clock Genes and Autophagy-Related Genes under Abnormal Light/Dark Cycle Stimulation in NAFLD Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Zhengyang Wang ◽  
Bo Qin ◽  
Songfeng Zhao ◽  
Huafei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

Abstract Background: Environmental disorders of the circadian rhythms can lead to metabolism-related diseases or exacerbate pathological conditions. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged with a growing occurrence. In the present study, we attempted to indicate whether circadian clock may influence lipid deposition and the expression levels of autophagy-related genes in liver of mice. Methods: High-fat diet and abnormal light/dark cycles were employed to induce a mouse model of NAFLD with circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Herein, liver samples were obtained at ZT0, ZT4, ZT8, ZT12, ZT16, and ZT20 time-point to detect the rhythmic expressions of circadian genes, autophagy-related genes, and Rev-erbα. Results: Abnormal exposure to light aggravated lipid deposition in liver of mice and exacerbated disorders related to 24-h expression levels of clock genes, autophagy-related genes, and Rev-erbα. Besides, Rev-erbα could transcriptionally control the expression levels of autophagy-related genes. Conclusions: The long-term high-fat diet combined with abnormal light/dark cycle stimulation aggravated the development of NAFLD and disturbed the expressions levels of autophagy-related genes. An abnormal circadian expression may lead to NAFLD aggression. Besides, the abnormal expression levels of clock genes may create an association between circadian rhythm sleep disorder and autophagy.

scholarly journals miRNA-10a-5p Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Maintains Diurnal Patterns of Triglycerides and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yawei Guo ◽  
Xiaohui Zhu ◽  
Sha Zeng ◽  
Mingyi He ◽  
Xiurong Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diurnal Patterns

miRNA-10a is rhythmically expressed and regulates genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the effects of miRNA-10a on obesity and glucose intolerance, as well as on the diurnal pattern of expression of circadian clock genes, remain unknown. We explored the effects of miRNA-10a-5p on insulin resistance and on the diurnal patterns of serum triglycerides and gut microbiota in high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mice. The results showed that oral administration of miRNA-10a-5p significantly prevented body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. Administration of miRNA-10a-5p also maintained the diurnal rhythm of Clock, Per2, and Cry1 expression, as well as serum glucose and triglyceride levels. Surprisingly, the diurnal oscillations of three genera of microbes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospiraceae, disrupted by HFD feeding, maintained by administration of miRNA-10a-5p. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between hepatic Clock expression and relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, both in control mice (r=0.877) and in mice administered miRNA-10a-5p (r=0.853). Furthermore, we found that along with changes in Lachnospiraceae abundance, butyrate content in the feces maintained a diurnal rhythm after miRNA-10a-5p administration in HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, we suggest that miRNA-10a-5p may improve HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance through the modulation of the diurnal rhythm of Lachnospiraceae and its metabolite butyrate. Therefore, miRNA-10a-5p may have preventative properties in subjects with metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Anticipating anticipation: pursuing identification of cardiomyocyte circadian clock function

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes ◽  
Myocardial Gene Expression

Diurnal rhythms in myocardial physiology (e.g., metabolism, contractile function) and pathophyiology (e.g., sudden cardiac death) are well establish and have classically been ascribed to time-of-day-dependent alterations in the neurohumoral milieu. Existence of an intramyocellular circadian clock has recently been exposed. Circadian clocks enable the cell to anticipate environmental stimuli, facilitating a timely and appropriate response. Generation of genetically modified mice with a targeted disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock has provided an initial means for deciphering the functions of this transcriptionally based mechanism and allowed predictions regarding which environmental stimuli the heart anticipates (i.e., “anticipating anticipation”). Recent studies show that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock influences myocardial gene expression, β-adrenergic signaling, transcriptional responsiveness to fatty acids, triglyceride metabolism, heart rate, and cardiac output, as well as ischemia-reperfusion tolerance. In addition to reviewing current knowledge regarding the roles of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock, this article highlights putative frontiers in this field. The latter includes establishing molecular links between the cardiomyocyte circadian clock with identified functions, understanding the pathophysiological consequences of disruption of this mechanism, targeting resynchronization of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock for prevention/treatment of cardiovascular disease, linking the circadian clock with the cardiobeneficial effects of caloric restriction, and determining whether circadian clock genes are subject to epigenetic regulation. Information gained from studies investigating the cardiomyocyte circadian clock will likely translate to extracardiac tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Adzuki Bean Alleviates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3240
Author(s):  
Qingyu Zhao ◽  
Dianzhi Hou ◽  
Yongxia Fu ◽  
Yong Xue ◽  
Xiao Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Status

Adzuki bean consumption has many health benefits, but its effects on obesity and regulating gut microbiota imbalances induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) have not been thoroughly studied. Mice were fed a low-fat diet, a HFD, and a HFD supplemented with 15% adzuki bean (HFD-AB) for 12 weeks. Adzuki bean supplementation significantly reduced obesity, lipid accumulation, and serum lipid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels induced by HFD. It also mitigated liver function damage and hepatic steatosis. In particular, adzuki bean supplementation improved glucose homeostasis by increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, it significantly reversed HFD-induced gut microbiota imbalances. Adzuki bean significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B); enriched the occurrence of Bifidobacterium, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcus_1, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, Muribaculum, Turicibacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Lachnoclostridium; and returned HFD-dependent taxa (Desulfovibrionaceae, Bilophila, Ruminiclostridium_9, Blautia, and Ruminiclostridium) back to normal status. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that the changes in gut microbiota induced by adzuki bean supplementation may be associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, sulfur, and cysteine and methionine; and LPS biosynthesis; and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation.

Lactobacillus reuteri improves gut barrier function and affects diurnal variation of the gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4705-4715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangqi Li ◽  
Ce Qi ◽  
Hualing Zhu ◽  
Renqiang Yu ◽  
Chunliang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Lactobacillus reuteri FN041 prevented HFD induced over weight gain, fat accumulation, endotoxaemia and mucosal-barrier damage, which is related to modulation of diurnal variation of serum lipid, hepatic Fas gene expression, diversity and metabolic activity of gut microbiota.

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