scholarly journals A unified picture of neuronal avalanches arises from the understanding of sampling effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Neto ◽  
F. P. Spitzner ◽  
V. Priesemann
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Subcritical Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neuronal Avalanches ◽  
Power Law Distributions ◽  
Spiking Model

To date, it is still impossible to sample the entire mammalian brain with single-neuron precision. This forces one to either use spikes (focusing on few neurons) or to use coarse-sampled activity (averaging over many neurons, e.g. LFP). Naturally, the sampling technique impacts inference about collective properties. Here, we emulate both sampling techniques on a spiking model to quantify how they alter observed correlations and signatures of criticality. We discover a general effect: when the inter-electrode distance is small, electrodes sample overlapping regions in space, which increases the correlation between the signals. For coarse-sampled activity, this can produce power-law distributions even for non-critical systems. In contrast, spike recordings enable one to distinguish the underlying dynamics. This explains why coarse measures and spikes have produced contradicting results in the past – that are now all consistent with a slightly subcritical regime.

Fenny Roshayanti: A Biography of Science Educator for Our Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Science Educator ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Academic Advisor ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics

STEAM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics. STEAM defined as the integration of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics into a new cross-disciplinary subject in schools. The concept of integrating subjects in Indonesian schools, generally is not new and has not been very successful in the past. Some people consider STEAM as an opportunity while others view it as having problems. Fenny Roshayanti is science educator and researcher that consider STEAM as an opportunity. She has involved the study of STEAM, as an author, educator, academic advisor, and seminar speaker. This article examines what it has been and continues work from Fenny Roshayanti in the science education. Our exploration uses qualitative methods of narrative approaches in the form of biographical studies. Participants as data sources were selected using a purposive sampling technique which was collected based on retrospective interview and naturalistic observation. Data's validity, reliability, and objectivity checked by using external audit techniques. This work explores the powerful of female’s personal style in developing a form of social influence based on her forms of capital as well as address the positive and negative consequences that may follow while implement and research STEAM in teaching classroom.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vally Koubi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

The link between climate change and conflict has been discussed intensively in academic literature during the past decade. This review aims to provide a clearer picture of what the research community currently has to say with regard to this nexus. It finds that the literature has not detected a robust and general effect linking climate to conflict onset. Substantial agreement exists that climatic changes contribute to conflict under some conditions and through certain pathways. In particular, the literature shows that climatic conditions breed conflict in fertile grounds: in regions dependent on agriculture and in combination and interaction with other socioeconomic and political factors such as a low level of economic development and political marginalization. Future research should continue to investigate how climatic changes interact with and/or are conditioned by socioeconomic, political, and demographic settings to cause conflict and uncover the causal mechanisms that link these two phenomena.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DEFERENSIASI PRODUK PROMOSI DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK FASHION PADA UD. SINAR MULIA DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
I Komang Sumerta ◽  
Desak Nyoman Tri Indahyani ◽  
Ni Komang Redianingsih ◽  
I Made Baji Pranawa
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Consumer purchasing decisions is the occurrence of sales fluctuations in the past four years. Product differentiation, promotion, and price are factors that have been pursued by the company but have not been able to provide a maximum contribution to consumer decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of product differentiation, promotion, and price on fashion product purchasing decisions. The sample was determined by purposive random sampling technique, with 105 respondents. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire (questionnaire). The analysis technique used the SPSS version 22. The results showed there was an effect of product differentiation, promotion, and price simultaneously on the decision to purchase fashion products. Based on the partial test results it can be seen that product differentiation, promotions, and prices have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for fashion products. The conclusion from this research is the higher product differentiation, promotion, and price, the decision to buy products fashion will increase. Suggestions for further researchers is to be able to conduct research on different subjects and by developing other independent variables.

scholarly journals Socio-literary Study of Robert Browning and Darwesh Durrani’s Dramatic Monologues: A Comparative Literary Approach

sjesr ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Raham Dil Khan ◽  
Dr. Khan Sardaraz
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Dramatic Monologues

Previous literature is laden with research on Browning’s dramatic monologues from various perspectives. This paper will compare Browning’s dramatic monologues with Derwesh Durrani’s poetry from socio-literary perspective. Literary theories of analogy and variation will be used to find out similarities and differences in their poetry. Two poems from each poet have been selected for analysis through close reading technique on the model of theories of variation and analogy. Stratified sampling technique was used for taking the representative sample from the data. The findings reveals that Darwesh’s poetry exhibits most of the dramatic features of Browning’s dramatic monologues, but his poetry is more poetic, while Browning’s poetry is more dramatic; Browning invigorates the past, Darwesh recreates the present. In addition, Browning’s poems deals with domestic issues like gender violence, love and marriage, Darwesh’s poetry deals with social issues and patriotism, and contrary to Browning, he stands for women’s rights and sensibilities. This paper suggests further studies purely from socio-cultural perspective of Darwesh’s dramatic monologues, which will contribute to the existing literature on dramatic monologues.

scholarly journals High-throughput mapping of single-cell molecular and projection architecture of neurons by retrograde barcoded labelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peibo Xu ◽  
Jian Peng ◽  
Tingli Yuan ◽  
Zhaoqin Chen ◽  
Ziyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Modal Data ◽  
Projection Pattern

Deciphering mesoscopic connectivity of the mammalian brain is a pivotal step in neuroscience. Most imaging-based conventional neuroanatomical tracing methods identify area-to-area or sparse single neuronal labeling information. Although recently developed barcode-based connectomics has been able to map a large number of single-neuron projections efficiently, there is a missing link in single-cell connectome and transcriptome. Here, combining single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we established a retro-AAV barcode-based multiplexed tracing method called MEGRE-seq (Multiplexed projEction neuRons retroGrade barcodE), which can resolve projectome and transcriptome of source neurons simultaneously. Using the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as a proof-of-concept neocortical region, we investigated projection patterns of its excitatory neurons targeting five canonical brain regions, as well as corresponding transcriptional profiles. Dedicated, bifurcated or collateral projection patterns were inferred by digital projectome. In combination with simultaneously recovered transcriptome, we find that certain projection pattern has a preferential layer or neuron subtype bias. Further, we fitted single-neuron two-modal data into a machine learning-based model and delineated gene importance by each projection target. In summary, we anticipate that the new multiplexed digital connectome technique is potential to understand the organizing principle of the neural circuit by linking projectome and transcriptome.

scholarly journals Cellular anatomy of the mouse primary motor cortex

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 598 (7879) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda ◽  
Brian Zingg ◽  
Katherine S. Matho ◽  
Xiaoyin Chen ◽  
Quanxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Neuron Reconstruction ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Cellular Resolution

AbstractAn essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a structural framework with cellular resolution on which multi-scale datasets spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted1. Here, as part of the collaborative Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell type-based anatomical description of one exemplar brain structure, the mouse primary motor cortex, upper limb area (MOp-ul). Using genetic and viral labelling, barcoded anatomy resolved by sequencing, single-neuron reconstruction, whole-brain imaging and cloud-based neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul in 3D and refined its sublaminar organization. We defined around two dozen projection neuron types in the MOp-ul and derived an input–output wiring diagram, which will facilitate future analyses of motor control circuitry across molecular, cellular and system levels. This work provides a roadmap towards a comprehensive cellular-resolution description of mammalian brain architecture.

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute morbidities and their health seeking behaviour among under-five children of urban slums in a city in Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Yamuna B. N. ◽  
Ratnaprabha G. K. ◽  
Prakash Kengnal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The Past

Background: Morbidity and lack of health facility especially in the first five years of life would cause irreparable damage. Therefore it is important to assess the magnitude of morbidities, and their health seeking behaviour. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of acute morbidities and their associated factors among Under-five (U5) children residing in slums of Davanagere city, Karnataka, and to assess the health-seeking behaviour of their mothers/caregiversMethods: It was a cross sectional study done in the slums of Davanagere city during August-September 2016. Using 30 cluster sampling technique, the estimated sample size was 656. A total of 22 children were included in each cluster. Questionnaire consisting of demographic details, history of acute morbidities in the past two weeks and their treatment details was administered to the mother/caregiver. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS Version 20.Results: Totally 656 mothers/caregivers of U5 children were contacted, majority of the children were in the age group of 13 to 60 months. Total of 348 (53%) children suffered from some acute morbidity in the past 2 weeks, of whom 282 (81%) children were taken to some health care facility, and majority preferred private practitioner (73.4%). Most common reason for poor health seeking behaviour was “following the medicines which were prescribed for previous illness”.Conclusions: More than half of the children suffered from some acute morbidity in the past 2 weeks and 81% of them were taken to health care facility. 

scholarly journals The Influence of Informativeness, Entertainment and E-mail Marketing Irritation on Online Buying Intentions with Attitude Toward Advertising as Mediation Variable

SENTRALISASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Nukita Indah Cahyani ◽  
Yessy Artanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Buying ◽  
E Mail

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas e-mail marketing Traveloka dalam meningkatkan niat beli online konsumen. Penentu efektivitas sebuah iklan antara lain informativeness, entertainment dan irritation, yang nantinya akan membentuk sebuah sikap. Sikap konsumen terhadap iklan (attitude toward advertising) menjadi variabel mediasi yang mampu meningkatkan niat beli online. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini adalah nonprobability sampling dengan metode judgement sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini bersifat infinete, dimana jumlah populasi yang akan diteliti tidak diketahui jumlah pastinya. Responden yang digunakan yaitu 110 orang pengguna aplikasi Traveloka yang pernah membaca e-mail marketing Traveloka selama 2 minggu terakhir. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informativeness dan entertainment berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli online, sedangkan irritation berpengaruh secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli online. Begitu pula pengaruhnya pada sikap terhadap iklan (attitude toward advertising), informativeness dan entertainment berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap attitude toward advertising sedangkan irritation berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap attitude toward adevrtising.The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of e-mail marketing in increasing consumer online buying intention. Determinants of the effectiveness of advertisements include information, entertainment and irritation, which in turn will form an attitude. Attitude toward advertising becomes a mediating variable that can increase online buying intentions. This study uses a nonprobability sampling technique with the type of judgment sampling. Respondents used were 110 users of Traveloka applications who have read Traveloka marketing e-mails for the past 2 weeks. Data analysis using path analysis. The results showed that information and entertainment had a positive and significant effect on online buying intention, while irritation had a negative and significant effect on online buying intention. Informativeness and entertainment have a positive and significant effect on attitude toward advertising, while irritation has a negative and significant effect on attitude toward advertising.

scholarly journals Use of polytechnic library by students of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kehinde FASAE ◽  
Fasa Rachael ALADENIYI ◽  
Samuel Ade ARIKAWE ◽  
Samuel Kolawole AYODELE
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study determines the extent of use of information resources provided in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Library, Owo, Nigeria by the students. The research design is descriptive design survey. The study utilises structured questionnaire to obtain data. The population of the students is 6,550 and sample size of 1050 was chosen as the participants. A purposive sampling technique was adopted. A total of 1,020 copies of questionnaire from 1050 administered were returned and correctly filled, which produce returned rate of 97.14%. Data extracted were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that more than half of the participants always use library. Majority of the participants visit library to use social media (84.02%), 83.91% use it to consult library books, while 83.83% use it to do various assignments. The results revealed that 82.94% of the students preferred using textbooks, followed by 80.39% using social media networked and 72.89% use their lecture notes. It was observed that inadequate current textbooks, poor Internet connectivity and frequent power outages are the leading challenges encounter while using information resources available in the library. The result of this findings show that with the information resources available in RUGIPO library, the library is not fully utilized by the students. Based on the findings, it is recommended that more current and up-to-date journals need to be acquired. There should also be a solid policy and implementation framework by the Executive arms of government towards making poor Internet connectivity become a thing of the past in all tertiary institutions in Nigeria and other parts of Africa.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Antara Penanganan Luka Snake Bite dengan Insisi dan Tanpa Insisi Terhadap Kecepatan Penurunan Pembengkakan Luka di RSUD Pacitan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rifai ◽  
Tri Andriani Cholifah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Wound Treatment ◽  
Bite Wound ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstrack: Snake Bite, Incision And Without Incision, Decreasing Speed Of Wound Swelling. Snake bite has different effects, ranging from a simple wound up to life-threatening and even can lead to death. The principle of first aid for snake bite is to avoid the spread of snake poison and to prevent the infection in the bitten part. In the past, the snake bite was treated by using incision while some sources recently stated that the snake bite is not necessary treated by using incision. This study aims to determine The differences between snake bite wound treatment with incision and without incision toward the decreasing speed of wound swelling at RSUD Pacitan. The study design used non-experimental research method : a comparative with retrospective or historical documentary approach. The samples were taken by using total sampling technique. The sum of the samples was 88 documents. They were taken from medical record documents. The statistic test used Chi square with significant value 0.05. The result of the study showed that there were differences between snake bite wound treatment with incision and without incision toward the decreasing speed of wound swelling at RSUD Pacitan in 2009 – 2011.

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