scholarly journals Sex-specific molecular specialization and activity rhythm dependent gene expression changes in honey bee antennae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikesh Jain ◽  
Axel Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pheromone Concentration ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Genes

ABSTRACTEusocial insects, like honey bees, which show an elaborate division of labor involving morphologically and physiologically specialized phenotypes provide a unique toolkit to study molecular underpinnings of behavior as well as neural processing. In this study, we performed an extensive RNA-seq based comparison of gene expression levels in the antennae of honey bee drones and foragers collected at different time of days and activity states to identify molecules involved in peripheral olfactory processing and provide insights into distinct strategies in sensory processing. First, honey bee drone and worker antennae differ in the number of olfactory receptor genes (ORs) showing a biased expression pattern. Only 19 Ors were higher expressed in drone antennae, whereas 54 Ors were higher expressed in workers. Second, drone antennae showed predominant higher expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, and worker antennae showed a higher expression of genes involved in neuronal communication. Third, drones and afternoon-trained foragers showed similar daily changes in the expression of major clock genes, per and cry2. Most of the other genes showing changes with the onset of daily activity were specific to drones and foragers suggesting sex-specific circadian changes in antennae. Drone antennae are specialized to detect small amounts of queen’s pheromone and quickly respond to changes in pheromone concentration involving energetically costly action potentials, whereas forager antennae are predominantly involved in behavioral context dependent detection and discrimination of complex odor mixtures which requires mechanisms of sensory filtering and neural plasticity.

Chronic Jetlag-Induced Alterations in Pancreatic Diurnal Gene Expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Beard Schwartz ◽  
Morgan T Walcheck ◽  
Mark E Berres ◽  
Manabu Nakaya ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Exocrine Secretion ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Peripheral Clocks ◽  
And Function ◽  
Circadian Physiology

Cell-autonomous circadian clocks exist in nearly every organ and function to maintain homeostasis through a complex series of transcriptional-translational feedback loops. The response of these peripheral clocks to external perturbations, such as chronic jetlag and shiftwork, has been extensively investigated. However, an evaluation of the effects of chronic jetlag on the mouse pancreatic transcriptome is still lacking. Herein we report an evaluation of the diurnal variations encountered in the pancreatic transcriptome following exposure to an established chronic jetlag protocol. We found approximately 5.4% of the pancreatic transcriptome was rhythmic. Following chronic jetlag, we found the number of rhythmic transcripts decreased to approximately 3.6% of the transcriptome. Analysis of the core clock genes, which orchestrate circadian physiology, revealed that nearly all exhibited a shift in the timing of peak gene expression - known as a phase shift. Similarly, over 95% of the rhythmically expressed genes in the pancreatic transcriptome exhibited a phase shift, many of which were found to be important for metabolism. Evaluation of the genes involved in pancreatic exocrine secretion and insulin signaling revealed many pancreas-specific genes were also rhythmically expressed and several displayed a concomitant phase shift with chronic jetlag. Phase differences were found 9 days after normalization, indicating a persistent failure to reentrain to the new light-dark cycle. This study is the first to evaluate the endogenous pancreatic clock and rhythmic gene expression in whole pancreas over 48 hours, and how the external perturbation of chronic jetlag affects the rhythmic expression of genes in the pancreatic

scholarly journals Constant Light in Critical Postnatal Days Affects Circadian Rhythms in Locomotion and Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Retina, and Pineal Gland Later in Life

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Aneta Kubištová ◽  
Veronika Spišská ◽  
Lucie Petrželková ◽  
Leona Hrubcová ◽  
Simona Moravcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Locomotor Activity Rhythm

The circadian clock regulates bodily rhythms by time cues that result from the integration of genetically encoded endogenous rhythms with external cycles, most potently with the light/dark cycle. Chronic exposure to constant light in adulthood disrupts circadian system function and can induce behavioral and physiological arrhythmicity with potential clinical consequences. Since the developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to experiences during the critical period, we hypothesized that early-life circadian disruption would negatively impact the development of the circadian clock and its adult function. Newborn rats were subjected to a constant light of 16 lux from the day of birth through until postnatal day 20, and then they were housed in conditions of L12 h (16 lux): D12 h (darkness). The circadian period was measured by locomotor activity rhythm at postnatal day 60, and the rhythmic expressions of clock genes and tissue-specific genes were detected in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, retinas, and pineal glands at postnatal days 30 and 90. Our data show that early postnatal exposure to constant light leads to a prolonged endogenous period of locomotor activity rhythm and affects the rhythmic gene expression in all studied brain structures later in life.

scholarly journals Honey bee (Apis mellifera) larval pheromones regulate gene expression related to foraging task specialization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ma ◽  
J Rangel ◽  
CM Grozinger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Task Specialization ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Foraging Task

AbstractBackgroundForaging behavior in honey bees (Apis mellifera) is a complex phenotype which is regulated by physiological state and social signals. How these factors are integrated at the molecular level to modulate foraging behavior has not been well-characterized. The transition of worker bees from nursing to foraging behavior is mediated by large-scale changes in brain gene expression, which are influenced by pheromones produced by the queen and larvae. Larval pheromones can also stimulate foragers to leave the colony to collect pollen, but the mechanisms underpinning this rapid behavioral plasticity are unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which foragers specialize on collecting nectar or pollen, and how larval pheromones impact these different behavioral states, remains to be determined. Here, we investigated the patterns of gene expression related to rapid behavioral plasticity and task allocation among honey bee foragers exposed to two larval pheromones, brood pheromone (BP) and (E)-beta-ocimene (EBO).ResultsWe hypothesized that both pheromones would alter expression of genes in the brain related to foraging and would differentially impact expression of genes in the brains of pollen compared to nectar foragers. Combining data reduction, clustering, and network analysis methods, we found that foraging preference (nectar vs. pollen) and pheromone exposure are each associated with specific brain gene expression profiles. Furthermore, pheromone exposure has a strong transcriptional effect on genes that are preferentially expressed in nectar foragers. Representation factor analysis between our study and previous landmark honey bee transcriptome studies revealed significant overlaps for both pheromone communication and foraging task specialization.ConclusionsSocial signals (i.e. pheromones) may invoke foraging-related genes to upregulate pollen foraging at both long and short time scales. These results provide new insights into how social signals integrate with task specialization at the molecular level and highlights the important role that brain gene expression plays in behavioral plasticity across time scales.

Regulation of Opioid Gene Expression: A Model To Understand Neural Plasticity

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Comb ◽  
◽  
Linda Kobierski ◽  
Hung Ming Chu ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neural Plasticity

scholarly journals Transcriptomal dissection of soybean circadian rhythmicity in two geographically, phenotypically and genetically distinct cultivars

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Yue ◽  
Ze Jiang ◽  
Enoch Sapey ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

Abstract Background In soybean, some circadian clock genes have been identified as loci for maturity traits. However, the effects of these genes on soybean circadian rhythmicity and their impacts on maturity are unclear. Results We used two geographically, phenotypically and genetically distinct cultivars, conventional juvenile Zhonghuang 24 (with functional J/GmELF3a, a homolog of the circadian clock indispensable component EARLY FLOWERING 3) and long juvenile Huaxia 3 (with dysfunctional j/Gmelf3a) to dissect the soybean circadian clock with time-series transcriptomal RNA-Seq analysis of unifoliate leaves on a day scale. The results showed that several known circadian clock components, including RVE1, GI, LUX and TOC1, phase differently in soybean than in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that the soybean circadian clock is obviously different from the canonical model in Arabidopsis. In contrast to the observation that ELF3 dysfunction results in clock arrhythmia in Arabidopsis, the circadian clock is conserved in soybean regardless of the functional status of J/GmELF3a. Soybean exhibits a circadian rhythmicity in both gene expression and alternative splicing. Genes can be grouped into six clusters, C1-C6, with different expression profiles. Many more genes are grouped into the night clusters (C4-C6) than in the day cluster (C2), showing that night is essential for gene expression and regulation. Moreover, soybean chromosomes are activated with a circadian rhythmicity, indicating that high-order chromosome structure might impact circadian rhythmicity. Interestingly, night time points were clustered in one group, while day time points were separated into two groups, morning and afternoon, demonstrating that morning and afternoon are representative of different environments for soybean growth and development. However, no genes were consistently differentially expressed over different time-points, indicating that it is necessary to perform a circadian rhythmicity analysis to more thoroughly dissect the function of a gene. Moreover, the analysis of the circadian rhythmicity of the GmFT family showed that GmELF3a might phase- and amplitude-modulate the GmFT family to regulate the juvenility and maturity traits of soybean. Conclusions These results and the resultant RNA-seq data should be helpful in understanding the soybean circadian clock and elucidating the connection between the circadian clock and soybean maturity.

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental Stressors on Gene Expression in the Embryo of the Italian Wall Lizard

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4723
Author(s):  
Rosaria Scudiero ◽  
Chiara Maria Motta ◽  
Palma Simoniello
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Probable Consequence ◽  
The Impact

The cleidoic eggs of oviparous reptiles are protected from the external environment by membranes and a parchment shell permeable to water and dissolved molecules. As a consequence, not only physical but also chemical insults can reach the developing embryos, interfering with gene expression. This review provides information on the impact of the exposure to cadmium contamination or thermal stress on gene expression during the development of Italian wall lizards of the genus Podarcis. The results obtained by transcriptomic analysis, although not exhaustive, allowed to identify some stress-reactive genes and, consequently, the molecular pathways in which these genes are involved. Cadmium-responsive genes encode proteins involved in cellular protection, metabolism and proliferation, membrane trafficking, protein interactions, neuronal transmission and plasticity, immune response, and transcription regulatory factors. Cold stress changes the expression of genes involved in transcriptional/translational regulation and chromatin remodeling and inhibits the transcription of a histone methyltransferase with the probable consequence of modifying the epigenetic control of DNA. These findings provide transcriptome-level evidence of how terrestrial vertebrate embryos cope with stress, giving a key to use in population survival and environmental change studies. A better understanding of the genes contributing to stress tolerance in vertebrates would facilitate methodologies and applications aimed at improving resistance to unfavourable environments.

scholarly journals Transversal gene expression panel to evaluate intestinal health in broiler chickens in different challenging conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Criado-Mesas ◽  
N. Abdelli ◽  
A. Noce ◽  
M. Farré ◽  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Barrier Failure ◽  
Expression Of Genes

AbstractThere is a high interest on gut health in poultry with special focus on consequences of the intestinal diseases, such as coccidiosis and C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis (NE). We developed a custom gene expression panel, which could provide a snapshot of gene expression variation under challenging conditions. Ileum gene expression studies were performed through high throughput reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A deep review on the bibliography was done and genes related to intestinal health were selected for barrier function, immune response, oxidation, digestive hormones, nutrient transport, and metabolism. The panel was firstly tested by using a nutritional/Clostridium perfringens model of intestinal barrier failure (induced using commercial reused litter and wheat-based diets without exogenous supplementation of enzymes) and the consistency of results was evaluated by another experiment under a coccidiosis challenge (orally gavaged with a commercial coccidiosis vaccine, 90× vaccine dose). Growth traits and intestinal morphological analysis were performed to check the gut barrier failure occurrence. Results of ileum gene expression showed a higher expression in genes involved in barrier function and nutrient transport in chickens raised in healthy conditions, while genes involved in immune response presented higher expression in C.perfringens-challenged birds. On the other hand, the Eimeria challenge also altered the expression of genes related to barrier function and metabolism, and increased the expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress. The panel developed in the current study gives us an overview of genes and pathways involved in broiler response to pathogen challenge. It also allows us to deep into the study of differences in gene expression pattern and magnitude of responses under either a coccidial vaccine or a NE.

scholarly journals Selection of reference genes for gene expression analysis in Liriodendron hybrids’ somatic embryogenesis and germinative tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Weigao Yuan ◽  
Shuai Qiu ◽  
Jisen Shi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Suitable Reference ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

AbstractThe differential expression of genes is crucial for plant somatic embryogenesis (SE), and the accurate quantification of gene expression levels relies on choosing appropriate reference genes. To select the most suitable reference genes for SE studies, 10 commonly used reference genes were examined in synchronized somatic embryogenic and subsequent germinative cultures of Liriodendron hybrids by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Four popular normalization algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper and Delta-Ct were used to select and validate the suitable reference genes. The results showed that elongation factor 1-gamma, histone H1 linker protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and α-tubulin were suitable for SE tissues, while elongation factor 1-gamma and actin were best for the germinative organ tissues. Our work will benefit future studies of gene expression and functional analyses of SE in Liriodendron hybrids. It is also serves as a guide of reference gene selection in early embryonic gene expression analyses for other woody plant species.

Controllability of Boolean networks with intermittent disturbances

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (28) ◽  
pp. 2050309
Author(s):  
Tao You ◽  
Hailun Zhang ◽  
Mingyu Yang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Yangming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Boolean Network ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Intermittent Control ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Pulse Control ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Living Being

In biological systems, gene expression is an important subject. In order to clarify the specific process of gene expression, mathematical tools are needed to simulate the process. The Boolean network (BN) is a good mathematical tool. In this paper, we study a Boolean network with intermittent perturbations. This is of great significance for studying genetic mutations in bioengineering. The expression of genes in the internal system of a living being is a very complicated process, and it is clear that the process is trans-ageal for humans. Through the intermittent control and pulse control of the BN, we can obtain the trajectory of gene expression better and faster, which will provide a very important theoretical basis for our next research.

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