scholarly journals Residue retention promotes soil carbon accumulation in minimum tillage systems: Implications for conservation tillage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Song Cui ◽  
Sindhu Jagadamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Residue Retention

AbstractCrop residue retention and minimum tillage (including no-tillage, NT, and reduced tillage, RT) are common conservation tillage practices that have been extensively practised for improving soil health and reducing the negative environmental impact caused by intensive farming. However, the complex effect of conservation tillage practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage has not been systematically analyzed, and particularly, the synergistic effect of crop residue retention and minimum tillage on SOC storage remains nonexistent. We conducted a global meta-analysis using a dataset consisting of 823 pairs of data points from 164 studies. We analyzed the effect of crop residue retention and minimum tillage on SOC storage and how the above effects were influenced by various soil/environmental (soil sampling depth, soil texture, and climate) and management conditions (cropping intensity and treatment duration). We found that either residue retention or minimum tillage alone increased SOC stock, while the former increased SOC more. The NT and RT increased SOC stock by 10 and 6%, respectively, in comparison to conventional tillage (CT). The NT plus residue retention (NTS) and RT plus residue retention (RTS) resulted in 20 and 26% more increase in SOC than NT and RT, respectively. Compared with CT, NTS and RTS further increased SOC stock by 29 and 27%, respectively. The above effects were greater in the topsoil than in the subsoil. Availability of initial soil nutrient played a greater role in affecting SOC stock than climatic conditions and management practices. Both residue retention and NT increased SOC rapidly in the first 6 years regardless of soil texture or climate condition, followed by a period of slower sequestration phase before reaching a slow steady rate. Double cropping generally increased SOC stock across all conservation tillage practices as compared to single or multiple cropping. Therefore, we conclude that minimum tillage coupled with residue retention in a double cropping system is the most beneficial management system for increasing cropland SOC storage, which can inform sustainable soil management practices aimed at increasing global C sequestration.

scholarly journals Mapping Crop Residue by Combining Landsat and WorldView-3 Satellite Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dean Hively ◽  
Jacob Shermeyer ◽  
Brian T. Lamb ◽  
Craig T. Daughtry ◽  
Miguel Quemada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Image Stack ◽  
Landsat 7

A unique, multi-tiered approach was applied to map crop-residue cover on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, United States. Field measurements of crop-residue cover were used to calibrate residue mapping using shortwave infrared (SWIR) indices derived from WorldView-3 imagery for a 12-km × 12-km footprint. The resulting map was then used to calibrate and subsequently classify crop residue mapping using Landsat imagery at a larger spatial resolution and extent. This manuscript describes how the method was applied and presents results in the form of crop-residue cover maps, validation statistics, and quantification of conservation tillage implementation in the agricultural landscape. Overall accuracy for maps derived from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 were comparable at roughly 92% (+/− 10%). Tillage class-specific accuracy was also strong and ranged from 75% to 99%. The approach, which employed a 12-band image stack of six tillage spectral indices and six individual Landsat bands, was shown to be adaptable to variable soil-moisture conditions—under dry conditions (Landsat 7, 14 May 2015) the majority of predictive power was attributed to SWIR indices, and under wet conditions (Landsat 8, 22 May 2015) single band reflectance values were more effective at explaining variability in residue cover. Summary statistics of resulting tillage class occurrence matched closely with conservation tillage implementation totals reported by Maryland and Delaware to the Chesapeake Bay Program. This hybrid method combining WorldView-3 and Landsat imagery sources shows promise for monitoring progress in the adoption of conservation tillage practices and for describing crop-residue outcomes associated with a variety of agricultural management practices.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage and fertilizer doses on growth and growth indices of soybean (Glycine max L.) under conservation tillage systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Shilpa Manhas ◽  
Janardan Singh ◽  
Ankit Saini ◽  
Tarun Sharma ◽  
Parita K.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, CSKHPKV, Palampur to study the effect of tillage and fertilizer doses on growth and growth indices of soybean under conservation tillage systems. The experiment consisted of twelve treatment combinations which included three tillage systems minimum tillage, minimum tillage with crop residue and conventional tillage and four fertility levels viz; 25 % recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) , 50 %(RDF) , 75 % RDF and 100% RDF and which were tested in split plot design with tillage system in main plots and fertility levels in sub plots.The soil texture of experimental site was silty clay loam. Minimum tillage along with crop residues (T2)recorded significantly taller plants and higher dry matter accumulation followed by conventional tillage. Absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, dry matter efficiency, relative growth rate and unit area efficiency were significantly higher with minimum tillage + crop residue treatment. Application of 100 % followed by 75 % recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in significantly higher growth parameters and growth indices.

scholarly journals Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Dark Grey Calcareous Floodplain Soil Is Influenced by Tillage Practices and Residue Retention

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
Nazmus Salahin ◽  
Md. Khairul Alam ◽  
Sharif Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Jahiruddin ◽  
Ahmed Gaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Residue Retention

Very little is known about the changes that occur in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) under an intensive rice-based cropping system following the change to minimal tillage and increased crop residue retention in the Gangetic Plains of South Asia. The field experiment was conducted for 3 years at Rajbari, Bangladesh to examine the impact of tillage practices and crop residue retention on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. The experiment comprised four tillage practices—conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT), strip-tillage (ST), and bed planting (BP) in combination with two residue retention levels—increased residue (R50%) and low residue (R20%—the current practice). The TN, SOC, and mineral N (NH4+-N and NO3−-N) were measured in the soil at different crop growth stages. After 3 years, ZT, ST, and BP sequestered 12, 11, and 6% more SOC, and 18, 13, and 10% more TN, respectively than the conventional crop establishment practice at 0–5 cm soil depth. The accumulation of SOC and TN was also higher compared to the initial SOC and TN in soil. Among the tillage practices, the maximum SOC and TN sequestration were recorded with ST and with R50% that might be attributed to reduced mineralization of C and N in soil particularly with increased residue retention, since decay rates of potentially mineralizable C was lower in the ST with both the residue retention practices. Increased residue retention and minimum tillage practices after nine consecutive crops has altered the C and N cycling by slowing the in-season turnover of C and N, reducing the level of nitrate-N available to plants in the growing season and increasing retained soil levels of SOC and TN.

scholarly journals The effect of crop residues, cover crops, manures and nitrogen fertilization on soil organic carbon changes in agroecosystems: a synthesis of reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-952
Author(s):  
Martin A. Bolinder ◽  
Felicity Crotty ◽  
Annemie Elsen ◽  
Magdalena Frac ◽  
Tamás Kismányoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residue Retention

Abstract International initiatives are emphasizing the capture of atmospheric CO2 in soil organic C (SOC) to reduce the climatic footprint from agroecosystems. One approach to quantify the contribution of management practices towards that goal is through analysis of long-term experiments (LTEs). Our objectives were to analyze knowledge gained in literature reviews on SOC changes in LTEs, to evaluate the results regarding interactions with pedo-climatological factors, and to discuss disparities among reviews in data selection criteria. We summarized mean response ratios (RRs) and stock change rate (SCR) effect size indices from twenty reviews using paired comparisons (N). The highest RRs were found with manure applications (30%, N = 418), followed by aboveground crop residue retention and the use of cover crops (9–10%, N = 995 and 129), while the effect of nitrogen fertilization was lowest (6%, N = 846). SCR for nitrogen fertilization exceeded that for aboveground crop residue retention (233 versus 117 kg C ha−1 year−1, N = 183 and 279) and was highest for manure applications and cover crops (409 and 331 kg C ha−1 year−1, N = 217 and 176). When data allows, we recommend calculating both RR and SCR because it improves the interpretation. Our synthesis shows that results are not always consistent among reviews and that interaction with texture and climate remain inconclusive. Selection criteria for study durations are highly variable, resulting in irregular conclusions for the effect of time on changes in SOC. We also discuss the relationships of SOC changes with yield and cropping systems, as well as conceptual problems when scaling-up results obtained from field studies to regional levels.

scholarly journals Historical and future carbon emissions from croplands

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
S. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Residue Removal

Abstract. We examine past and future carbon emissions from global croplands, considering land-use change, changes in crop productivity, tillage practices, and residue removal. We find that emissions over the historical period are sensitive to the assumed productivity of arable land that is not planted in a given year and the assumed fraction of soil carbon that is released during land conversion. The role of this "other" arable land, both at present and over the historical period, is not well understood and should be examined further. The carbon balance of croplands over 21st century depends on changes in management practices, particularly the adoption of conservation tillage and the potential removal of residue for use as energy feedstocks. We find that croplands will not become large carbon sinks in the future, however, unless most crop residue is left on fields. Given the relatively low carbon "penalty" incurred by removal, residue use for energy feedstocks may be the preferred option.

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