scholarly journals Temporal discrimination from the interaction between dynamic synapses and intrinsic subthreshold oscillations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin J. Torres ◽  
Fabiano Baroni ◽  
Roberto Latorre ◽  
Pablo Varona
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Neuron Model ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Synaptic Strength ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Dynamic Synapses ◽  
Synaptic Dynamics ◽  
Neuronal Computation

AbstractThe interaction between synaptic and intrinsic dynamics can efficiently shape neuronal input-output relationships in response to temporally structured spike trains. We use a neuron model with subthreshold oscillations receiving inputs through a synapse with short-term depression and facilitation to show that the combination of intrinsic subthreshold and synaptic dynamics leads to channel-specific nontrivial responses and recognition of specific temporal structures. We employ the Generalized Integrate-and-Fire (GIF) model, which can be subjected to analytical characterization. We map the temporal structure of spike input trains to the type of spike response, and show how the emergence of nontrivial input-output preferences is modulated by intrinsic and synaptic parameters in a synergistic manner. We demonstrate that these temporal input discrimination properties are robust to noise and to variations in synaptic strength, suggesting that they likely contribute to neuronal computation in biological circuits. Furthermore, we also illustrate the presence of these input-output relationships in conductance-based models.Author summaryNeuronal subthreshold oscillations underlie key aspects of information processing in single neuron and network dynamics. Dynamic synapses provide a channel-specific temporal modulation of input information. We combine a neuron model that displays subthreshold oscillations and a dynamic synapse to analytically assess their interplay in processing trains of spike-mediated synaptic currents. Our results show that the co-action of intrinsic and synaptic dynamics builds nontrivial input-output relationships, which are resistant to noise and to changes in synaptic strength. The discrimination of a precise temporal structure of the input signal is shaped as a function of the joint interaction of intrinsic oscillations and synaptic dynamics. This interaction can result in channel-specific recognition of precise temporal patterns, hence greatly expanding the flexibility and complexity in information processing achievable by individual neurons with respect to temporal discrimination mechanisms based on intrinsic neuronal dynamics alone.

scholarly journals Temporal discrimination from the interaction between dynamic synapses and intrinsic subthreshold oscillations

2020 ◽  
Vol 417 ◽  
pp. 543-557
Author(s):  
Joaquin J. Torres ◽  
Fabiano Baroni ◽  
Roberto Latorre ◽  
Pablo Varona
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Dynamic Synapses

Asymptotic Input-Output Relationship Predicts Electric Field Effect on Sublinear Dendritic Integration of AMPA Synapses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Yaqin Fan ◽  
Xile Wei ◽  
Guosheng Yi ◽  
Meili Lu ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Electric Field Effect ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Dendritic Integration ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Singular Perturbation Analysis ◽  
Neuronal Computation

Abstract An extracellular electric field (EF) induces transmembrane polarizations on extremely inhomogeneous spaces Evidence shows that EF-induced somatic polarization in pyramidal cells can modulate the neuronal input-output (I/O) function. However, it remains unclear whether and how dendritic polarization participates in the dendritic integration and contributes to the neuronal I/O function. To this end, we built a computational model of a simplified pyramidal cell with multi-dendritic tufts, one dendritic trunk, and one soma to describe the interactions among EF, dendritic integration, and somatic output, in which the EFs were modeled by inserting inhomogeneous extracellular potentials. We aimed to establish the underlying relationship between dendritic polarization and dendritic integration by analyzing the dynamics of subthreshold membrane potentials in response to AMPA synapses in the presence of constant EFs. The model-based singular perturbation analysis showed that the equilibrium mapping of a fast subsystem can serve as the asymptotic subthreshold I/O relationship for sublinear dendritic integration. This allows us to predict the tendency of EF-mediated dendritic integration by showing how EF changes modify equilibrium mapping. EF-induced hyperpolarization of distal dendrites receiving synapses inputs was found to play a key role in facilitating the AMPA receptor-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) by enhancing the driving force of synaptic inputs. A significantly higher efficacy of EF modulation effect on global AMPA-type dendritic integration was found compared with local AMPA-type dendritic integration. During the generation of an action potential (AP), the relative contribution of EF-modulated dendritic integration and EF-induced somatic polarization was determined to show their collaboration in promoting or inhibiting the somatic excitability, depending on the EF polarity. These findings are crucial for understanding the EF modulation effect on neuronal computation, which provides insight into the modulation mechanism of noninvasive brain modulation.

scholarly journals Efficient generation of reciprocal signals by inhibition

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 2453-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-min Park ◽  
Esra Tara ◽  
Kamran Khodakhah
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Neuronal Computation ◽  
The Brain

Reciprocal activity between populations of neurons has been widely observed in the brain and is essential for neuronal computation. The different mechanisms by which reciprocal neuronal activity is generated remain to be established. A common motif in neuronal circuits is the presence of afferents that provide excitation to one set of principal neurons and, via interneurons, inhibition to a second set of principal neurons. This circuitry can be the substrate for generation of reciprocal signals. Here we demonstrate that this equivalent circuit in the cerebellar cortex enables the reciprocal firing rates of Purkinje cells to be efficiently generated from a common set of mossy fiber inputs. The activity of a mossy fiber is relayed to Purkinje cells positioned immediately above it by excitatory granule cells. The firing rates of these Purkinje cells increase as a linear function of mossy fiber, and thus granule cell, activity. In addition to exciting Purkinje cells positioned immediately above it, the activity of a mossy fiber is relayed to laterally positioned Purkinje cells by a disynaptic granule cell → molecular layer interneuron pathway. Here we show in acutely prepared cerebellar slices that the input-output relationship of these laterally positioned Purkinje cells is linear and reciprocal to the first set. A similar linear input-output relationship between decreases in Purkinje cell firing and strength of stimulation of laterally positioned granule cells was also observed in vivo. Use of interneurons to generate reciprocal firing rates may be a common mechanism by which the brain generates reciprocal signals.

scholarly journals Organising Chemical Reaction Networks in Space and Time with Microfluidics

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Jones ◽  
Chris Lovell ◽  
Hywel Morgan ◽  
Klaus-Peter Zauner
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Chemical Reaction Networks ◽  
Molecular Computing ◽  
Reaction Networks ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Microfluidic Technology ◽  
Underlying Substrate

Information processing is essential for any lifeform to maintain its organisation despite continuous entropic disturbance. Macromolecules provide the ubiquitous underlying substrate on which nature implements information processing and have also come into focus for technical applications. There are two distinct approaches to the use of molecules for computing. Molecules can be employed to mimic the logic switches of conventional computers or they can be used in a way that exploits the complex functionality offered by a molecular computing substrate. Prerequisite to the latter is a mapping of input-output transform provided by the substrate. This paper reviews microfluidic technology as a versatile means to achieve this, show how it can be used, and provide proven recipes for its application.

SPIKING ACTIVITY OF LIFH NEURON MODEL WITH VARIABLE INPUT STIMULUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-481
Author(s):  
V.D.S. Baghela ◽  
S.K. Bharti ◽  
P.K. Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Neuron Model ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
Input Stimulus ◽  
Stochastic Input ◽  
Spiking Activity

Neuronal information processing occurs in term of spikes. A neuron can emits various kinds of spiking patterns based on the applied input stimulus. In this article, we study the spiking pattern of LIFH neuron model in the presence of four different kinds of applied input stimulus, namely, constant input stimulus, uniformly distributed input stimulus, Gaussian distributed input stimulus and stochastic input stimulus. Here, we notice the tonic and semi-tonic spiking pattern for Gaussian distributed input stimulus and stochastic input stimulus.

Variable Foreperiods and Temporal Discrimination

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Grondin ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Temporal Information Processing ◽  
Visual Markers ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Base Duration ◽  
Perceived Duration

Temporal judgements are often accounted for by a single-clock hypothesis. The output of such a clock is reported to depend on the allocation of attention. In the present series of experiments, the influence of attention on temporal information processing is investigated by systematic variations of the period preceding brief empty intervals to be judged. Two indicators of timing performance, temporal sensitivity, reflecting discrimination performance, and perceived duration served as dependent variables. Foreperiods ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 s in Experiments 1 to 4. When the foreperiod varied randomly from trial to trial, perceived duration was longer with increasing length of foreperiod (Experiments 1 and 3 with brief auditory markers and Experiment 4 with brief visual markers), an effect that disappeared with no trial-to-trial variations (Experiment 2). Longer foreperiods also enhanced performance on temporal discrimination of auditory empty intervals with a base duration of 100 ms (Experiments 1 and 5), whereas discrimination performance was unaffected for auditory intervals with a base duration of 500 ms (Experiment 3). The variable-foreperiod effect on perceived duration also held when foreperiods ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 s (Experiments 5—7). Findings suggest that foreperiods appear to effectively modulate attention mechanisms necessary for temporal information processing. However, alternative explanations such as assimilation or compatibility effects cannot be totally discarded.

scholarly journals What Can the Temporal Structure of Auditory Perception Tell Us about Musical “Timelessness”?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. K. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Experience Of Time

“Timelessness” is an area of intense interest for many composers and authors interested in 20th- and 21st-century music, but it is not always clear exactly what the term denotes. In particular, the distinction between theinductionof timelessness (the listener’s subjective experience of time is altered or suspended by music) and theperceptionof timelessness (the listener recognizes that the music expresses altered or suspended time) has yet to be clarified. This paper argues that, while experiences of timelessness may beinducedby a wide variety of musics and are not necessarily contingent on specific musical qualities, theperceptionof musical timelessness involves relationships between music’s temporal organization and the temporal structure of auditory perception. Of particular interest are segmentation, sequence, pulse, meter, and repetition. Music whose temporal organization optimizes human information processing and embodiment expresses “human time,” and music whose temporal organization subverts or exceeds human information processing and embodiment points outside of human time, to timelessness. This hypothesis is illustrated with examples from the 20th-century repertoire by Truax, Ligeti, Crumb, Reich, Tenney, Messiaen, and Grisey, music that has been associated with timelessness.

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