scholarly journals Effects of Gamma Irradiation Against Mating Competitiveness of Male Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae) in Laboratory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ramadhani ◽  
UK Hadi ◽  
S Soviana ◽  
Z Irawati ◽  
A Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACTCulex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of lymphatic filariasis in Pekalongan City. Sterile Insect Tehnique (SIT) could be complementary vector control for filariasis. The key success of the technique depend on the ability of laboratory-reared sterile males with the wild-type females.The aim of the research was to determine the mating competitiveness, the fecundity and the fertility of sterile male Culex quinquefasciatus. The pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were gamma irradiated at the doses of 60Gy, 70Gy, and 80Gy, while unirradiated pupae were prepared as control. The mosquitoes emerging from the irradiated pupae could mate with a normal female in the cages. It were observed for the mean female laying eggs, the fecundity, the fertility and the mating competitiveness. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. The result showed that the irradiated Cx. quinquefasciatus at the doses tested did not affect on the fecundity and the mating competitiveness, but the fertility was disturbed (sterile). A dose of 70 Gy was the optimum dose or a fertility rate of 1.8% (98.2% sterile), and the value of competitiveness (C index) was 0.568. Based on the result, the irradiated Cx. quinquefasciatus can be recommended for semifield application.

scholarly journals Daya Saing Kawin Nyamuk Jantan Steril (Culex quinquefasciatus) Skala Laboratorium: Studi Awal Penggunaan Teknik Serangga Mandul dalam Pengendalian Vektor Filariasis Limfatik di Kota Pekalongan

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani ◽  
Upik Kusuma Hadi ◽  
Susi Soviana ◽  
Zubaidah Irawati ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Culex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of limfatic filariasis in Pekalongan City. Sterile Insect Tehnique could be an alternative vector control efforts to eliminate filariasis. The success of this technique is depend on the ability of laboratory-reared sterile males with the wild-type females. Indicator of SIT Aplication is determined by the value of the mating competitiveness and sterility to Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae). The design of the research is an experimental. Gamma irradiation on the pupae (age . 15 hours) with the  doses of 0 Gy, 60 Gy, 65 Gy,70 Gy, 75 Gy and 80 Gy in BATAN Jakarta.  Male mosquitoes which emerged from the pupa then matting with a normal female. This research observed the mean  of females laying eggs ,fecundity, fertility and  mating competitiveness. This experimental research was conducted in the laboratory and the data were analyzed by ANOVA.The result showed that irradiation at the trial doses had an effect on fertility of Culex quinquefasciatus, but not  had significant effect on  fecundity and mating competitiveness . A dose of 70 Gy is the optimum dose with a fertility rate of 1.8% (sterility 98.2%) and C indexs 0,568 can be recommended for futher  semi field assays. The number of sterile males were six times compared with the wild population to increase the chances of  mating with wild-type females.

Evaluation of Wear Resistance of Cross-Linked Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Joint Prostheses in the Multi-Directional Pin-on-Plate Apparatus

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sawano ◽  
T. Murakami ◽  
Y. Sawae
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Joint Prostheses ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Plate Apparatus ◽  
Minimum Wear

Gamma irradiation is used as a sterilization method for joint prosthesis. For this procedure, gamma irradiation causes crosslinking of UHMWPE. Crosslinked UHMWPE molecules connect each other strongly. However gamma irradiation causes the reduction in mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation because primary chain scission occurrs. Therefore, excessive irradiation would cause some problems. We suggest the existence of the optimum dose for minimum wear and moderate reduction in tensile strength and elongation. Furthermore we indicate a mechanism of wear resistance of gamma irradiated UHMWPE.

scholarly journals Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Mating Competitiveness of Male Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae) in Laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
T. Ramadhani ◽  
U.K. Hadi ◽  
S. Soviana ◽  
Z. Irawati ◽  
A. Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mating Competitiveness

Effect of gamma radiation on the structural, thermal and optical properties of PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Alhazime ◽  
Nesreen T. El-Shamy ◽  
Kaoutar Benthami ◽  
Mai ME. Barakat ◽  
Samir A. Nouh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Intermolecular Crosslinking ◽  
Amorphous Part

AbstractNanocomposite films of polymethylmethacrylate PMMA with Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by both thermolysis and casting techniques. Changes in PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanocomposite (NCP) due to gamma irradiation have been measured. XRD results indicate that the gamma doses of 10–80 kGy cause intermolecular crosslinking that reduces the ordered portion in the NPs. Bonding between the NPs and the host PMMA was confirmed by FTIR. TGA results indicate an enhancement in thermal stability in the NCP films irradiated with doses 20–80 kGy. The optical band gap was reduced from 3.23 to 2.47 eV upon gamma irradiation up to 80 kGy due bonding between the NPs and PMMA which enhanced the amorphous part of the NPs. Finally, the color variation between the blank and irradiated films (ΔE) was determined. Color changes immensely when the PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 NCP films are gamma irradiated. Values of ΔE were as much as 31.6 which is an acceptable match in commercial reproduction on printing presses.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of L-Cysteine Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots as a Bioimaging and Photosensitive Agent

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Mila Milenković ◽  
Aleksandra Mišović ◽  
Dragana Jovanović ◽  
Ana Popović Bijelić ◽  
Gabriele Ciasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Amino Amide ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Nowadays, a larger number of aggressive and corrosive chemical reagents as well as toxic solvents are used to achieve structural modification and cleaning of the final products. These lead to the production of residual, waste chemicals, which are often reactive, cancerogenic, and toxic to the environment. This study shows a new approach to the modification of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using gamma irradiation where the usage of reagents was avoided. We achieved the incorporation of S and N atoms in the GQD structure by selecting an aqueous solution of L-cysteine as an irradiation medium. GQDs were exposed to gamma-irradiation at doses of 25, 50 and 200 kGy. After irradiation, the optical, structural, and morphological properties, as well as the possibility of their use as an agent in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy, were studied. We measured an enhanced quantum yield of photoluminescence with the highest dose of 25 kGy (21.60%). Both S- and N-functional groups were detected in all gamma-irradiated GQDs: amino, amide, thiol, and thione. Spin trap electron paramagnetic resonance showed that GQDs irradiated with 25 kGy can generate singlet oxygen upon illumination. Bioimaging on HeLa cells showed the best visibility for cells treated with GQDs irradiated with 25 kGy, while cytotoxicity was not detected after treatment of HeLa cells with gamma-irradiated GQDs.

Organophosphorus insecticide resistance in a new strain of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tanga, Tanzania

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khayrandish ◽  
R.J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
The Mean

AbstractFourth instar larvae of a new strain of Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Tanzania (TANGA) were tested for insecticide resistance. Initially, the resistance ratio (RR) to chlorpyrifos was 41.8, to temephos 30.8, to propoxur 3.7. After 2–3 years of laboratory culture, resistance to chlorpyrifos and propoxur had declined (chlorpyrifos 5.7, 3.8; propoxur 1.9, permethrin 1.9). Significant synergism was found between s, s, s-tributyl trithiophosphate (DEF) and chlorphyrifos, reducing the RR from 8.0 to 2.5. Synergism between piperonyl butoxide and permethrin was less than in a susceptible control strain. Twelve esterase isozymes of different relative mobilities (Rm) on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were identified, ten of which remained when the strain was reinvestigated two years (approximately 32 generations) later. Null activity for all but one of these bands was observed in some larvae. Four esterase bands (Rm 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.34, designated A2, A3, B2, B3) showed polymorphism in activity, with very intense bands in some larvae. The mean frequency of bands with activity greater than standard, declined as organophosphorus (OP) resistance declined, but resistance was unconnected with the frequency of nulls at these positions. In mass larval assays of in vitro sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to propoxur, the I50 exceeded 10x10−4M, compared with 0.1x10−4M in a reverted resistant strain (RANGOON). Single larvel assays revealed heterogeneity, which was interpreted on the basis of an AChE resistance allele (AceR) with a frequency of 0.23.

scholarly journals FK506-binding protein FklB is involved in biofilm formation through its peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysoula Zografou ◽  
Maria Dimou ◽  
Panagiotis Katinakis
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Prolyl Isomerase ◽  
Ppiase Activity ◽  
Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerase ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

AbstractFklB is a member of the FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), a family that consists of five genes in Escherichia coli. Little is known about the physiological and functional role of FklB in bacterial movement. In the present study, FklB knock-out mutant ΔfklB presented an increased swarming and swimming motility and biofilm formation phenotype, suggesting that FklB is a negative regulator of these cellular processes. Complementation with Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase)-deficient fklB gene (Y181A) revealed that the defects in biofilm formation were not restored by Y181A, indicating that PPIase activity of FklB is modulating biofilm formation in E. coli. The mean cell length of ΔfklB swarming cells was significantly smaller as compared to the wild-type BW25113. Furthermore, the mean cell length of swarming and swimming wild-type and ΔfklB cells overexpressing fklB or Y181A was considerably larger, suggesting that PPIase activity of FklB plays a role in cell elongation and/or cell division. A multi-copy suppression assay demonstrated that defects in motility and biofilm phenotype were compensated by overexpressing sets of PPIase-encoding genes. Taken together, our data represent the first report demonstrating the involvement of FklB in cellular functions of E. coli.

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