scholarly journals Enviromics in breeding: applications and perspectives on envirotypic-assisted selection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael T. Resende ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Orzenil B. Silva-Junior ◽  
Fabyano F. e Silva ◽  
Marcos Deon V. de Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
New Class ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Trials

AbstractGenotype by Environment interaction (G × E) studies have focused mainly on estimating genetic parameters over a limited number of experimental trials. However, recent Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques have opened new frontiers for understanding and dealing with G × E. These advances allow increasing selection accuracy across all sites of interest, including those where experimental trials have not yet been deployed. Here, we introduce the term Enviromics under an envirotypic-assisted breeding framework and propose the GIS-GE method, i.e. a geospatial tool to maximize genetic gains by predicting the phenotypic performance of unobserved genotypes using “enviromic markers”. In summary, a particular site represents a set of envirotypes, each one representing a set of environmental factors that interact with the genetic background of genotypes, thus resulting in informative re-rankings to make decisions over different environments. Based on a simulated case study, we show that GIS-GE allows accurate (i) matching of genotypes to their most appropriate sites; (ii) definition of breeding areas that have high genetic correlation to ensure selection gains across environments; and (iii) indication of the best sites to carry out experiments for further analysis based on environments that maximize heritability. Envirotyping techniques provide a new class of markers for genetic studies, which are inexpensive, increasingly available and transferable across species. We envision a promising future for the integration of the Enviromics approach into breeding when coupled with next-generation genotyping/phenotyping and powerful statistical modeling of genetic diversity. Environmental scenarios can also be improved using information from strategic plans for biodiversity and genetic resources management, especially in the current perspective of dynamic climate change.Key messageWe propose the application of Enviromics to breeding practice, by which the similarity among sites assessed on an “omics” scale of environmental attributes drives the prediction of unobserved genotypes.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Geographic Information System for Municipal Road Signs Management in Depopulated and Low-Density Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032006
Author(s):  
Olga Gonçalves ◽  
Jorge Gonçalves ◽  
Jacek Chmielewski ◽  
Paulina Olenkowicz-Trempała
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Systems Implementation ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development

Abstract The current national and regional economical conjuncture in many countries, requires a sustainable management of different urban infrastructures, including road signs. From the set of possible solutions to improve the existing infrastructure’s management, analysis and spatial representation, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have proved to be an essential tool for the functional competencies of local administration (municipalities), managers of municipal road networks. This study presents a framework of existing national regulations on road signs, as well as the shortcomings in the definition of methodologies for GIS-based management systems implementation. The paper continues with the critical assumptions considered in their definition and the municipalities specific competences needed for their implementation. A low-cost methodology is proposed and applied to a case study in a small Portuguese village: Belmonte. The results have shown the potential of these low-cost systems, revealing relevant time and economical gains, providing municipalities with fundamental information for the definition of realistic and well-founded strategic plans and budgets, and allowing better information to their citizens. The gathered information can help in inventory, inspections, maintenance and replacement allowing detailed reports and geo-referenced electronic database and maps of a municipality's road signs at reasonable costs. These maps and reports are the starting point to forecast the projected lifespan of the municipality's signage allowing more accurate project sign management budgets for future years. Aspects that need further development in order to improve the proposed system are also addressed.

scholarly journals Identification of Resistant Cultivars for Sheath Blight and use of AMMI Models to Understand Genotype and Environment Interactions

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2204-2211
Author(s):  
Rajendra Persaud ◽  
Duraisamy Saravanakumar ◽  
Mahendra Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Testing Environments ◽  
Experimental Trials

One hundred and one rice genotypes were evaluated for response to sheath blight disease under greenhouse and lowland irrigated field conditions in Guyana. The level of resistance varied from highly resistant to resistant in 14 genotypes over five experimental trials. These genotypes were also observed with low area under the disease progress curve values and slow blighting reactions against artificial inoculation of the pathogen. Genotypes GR1568-31-9-1-1-2-1 and cultivar Rustic had susceptible reactions in all experiments. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis was used to study the genotype and environment interactions. The analysis revealed that 52.98% of the total sum of square was attributed to genotype effect, 7.50% was attributable to environment effect, and 39.52% was attributable to genotype by environment interaction (G × E) effects. The G × E was almost as large as the genotype effect, thus indicating significant differences of genotypes across the testing environments. This revealed that resistance was slightly influenced by the G × E. The genotypes that showed stable resistance in all environments in this study could be used for breeding the sheath blight resistance in rice.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs Through Microfinance - A Case of Rural Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Saida Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Women’s empowerment has been at the centre of research focus for many decades. Extant literature examined the process, outcome and various challenges. Some claimed substantial success, while others contradicted with evidence of failure. But the success remains a matter of debate due to lack of empirical evidence of actual empowerment of women around the world. The current study aimed to address this gap by taking a case study method. The study critically evaluates 20 cases carefully sampled to include representatives from the entire country of Bangladesh. The study demonstrates popular beliefs about microfinance often misguide even the borrowers and they start living in a fabricated feeling of empowerment, facing real challenges to achieve true empowerment in their lives. The impact of this finding is twofold; firstly there is a theoretical contribution, where the definition of women’s empowerment is proposed to be revisited considering findings from these cases. And lastly, the policy makers at governmental and non-governmental organisations, and multinational donor agencies need to revise their assessment tools for funding.

Using AMMI approach to delineate genotype by environment interaction and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under northern Indian shivalik hill conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
A. K. Razdan ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Anjani K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Principal Component Axis ◽  
Ammi Analysis

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).

The Rapid Iterative Test and Evaluation Method (RITE)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Medlock
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Original Case ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter begins with a discussion of the philosophy and then definition of the RITE method. It then delves into the benefits of this method and provides practical notes on running RITE tests effectively. The chapter concludes with an overview of the original case study behind the 2002 article documenting this method.

Poe and His Global Advocates

2018 ◽  
pp. 596-617
Author(s):  
Emron Esplin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global Reputation

This essay explores Edgar Allan Poe’s extraordinary relationships with various literary traditions across the globe, posits that Poe is the most influential US writer on the global literary scene, and argues that Poe’s current global reputation relies at least as much on the radiance of the work of Poe’s literary advocates—many of whom are literary stars in their own right—as it does on the brilliance of Poe’s original works. The article briefly examines Poe’s most famous French advocates (Baudelaire, Mallarmé, Valéry); glosses the work of his advocates throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas; and offers a concise case study of Poe’s influence on and advocacy from three twentieth-century writers from the Río de la Plata region of South America (Quiroga, Borges, and Cortázar). The essay concludes by reading the relationships between Poe and his advocates through the ancient definition of astral or stellar influence.

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