scholarly journals Culex saltanensis and Culex interfor (Diptera: Culicidae) are susceptible and competent to transmit St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) in central Argentina.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Beranek ◽  
Agustin Quaglia ◽  
Giovana Peralta ◽  
Fernando Flores ◽  
Marina Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Virus Dissemination ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Viral Plaque

Infectious diseases caused by mosquito-borne viruses constitute health and economic problems worldwide. St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is endemic and autochthonous in the American continent. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is the primary urban vector of SLEV; however, Culex interfor and Culex saltanensis have also been found naturally infected with the virus, suggesting their potential role as vectors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the vector competence of Cx. interfor and Cx. saltanensis for SLEV from central Argentina in comparison to Cx. p. quinquefasciatus. METHODS: Adult female mosquitoes of the three Culex species were orally infected by feeding on viremic chicks that had been inoculated with SLEV. Then, abdomens, legs and saliva blood-fed mosquitoes were analyzed by viral plaque assay and the presence of cytopathic effect on the cell culture monolayer. RESULTS: Mosquitoes were permissive to orally acquired infections, to virus dissemination, and transmission of SLEV in the saliva. Cx. saltanensis and Cx. interfor are potential vectors of SLEV. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that in Argentina both Cx. saltanensis and Cx. interfor are susceptible to SLEV and competent for its transmission. Moreover they are abundant during SLEV epidemic period in urban area, positive for this virus in nature, and found to feed on natural hosts.

scholarly journals Culex interfor and Culex saltanensis (Diptera: Culicidae) are susceptible and competent to transmit St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) in central Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-729
Author(s):  
Mauricio D Beranek ◽  
Agustín I Quaglia ◽  
Giovana C Peralta ◽  
Fernando S Flores ◽  
Marina Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Viral Plaque

Abstract Background St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is endemic and autochthonous on the American continent. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is a vector of SLEV; however, Culex interfor and Culex saltanensis have also been found to be naturally infected with SLEV. The aim of this study was to determine the vector competence of C. interfor and C. saltanensis for SLEV from Argentina compared with C. p. quinquefasciatus. Methods Female of the Culex species were orally infected by feeding on viraemic chicks that had been inoculated with SLEV. Abdomens, legs and saliva blood-fed mosquitoes were analysed by viral plaque assay. Results Mosquitoes were susceptible to orally acquired infection, dissemination and transmission of SLEV in the saliva. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that C. saltanensis and C. interfor are susceptible to SLEV and competent for its transmission.

The minimum amount of homology required for homologous recombination in mammalian cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2253-2258
Author(s):  
J Rubnitz ◽  
S Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Viral Plaque

Although DNA sequence homology is believed to be a prerequisite for homologous recombination events in procaryotes and eucaryotes, no systematic study has been done on the minimum amount of homology required for homologous recombination in mammalian cells. We have used simian virus 40-pBR322 hybrid plasmids constructed in vitro as substrates to quantitate intramolecular homologous recombination in cultured monkey cells. Excision of wild-type simian virus 40 DNA by homologous recombination was scored by the viral plaque assay. Using a series of plasmids containing 0 to 243 base pairs of homology, we have shown that the recombination frequency decreases as the homology is reduced, with the sharpest drop in recombination frequency occurring when the homology was reduced from 214 to 163 base pairs. However, low recombination frequencies were also observed with as little as 14 base pairs of homology.

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