scholarly journals Yeast volatomes differentially effect larval feeding in an insect herbivore

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Ljunggren ◽  
Felipe Borrero-Echeverry ◽  
Amrita Chakraborty ◽  
Tobias U. Lindblom ◽  
Erik Hedenström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Cotton Leafworm ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Insect Attractants ◽  
Yeast Interactions

ABSTRACTYeasts form mutualistic interactions with insects. Hallmarks of this interaction include provision of essential nutrients, while insects facilitate yeast dispersal and growth on plant substrates. A phylogenetically ancient, chemical dialogue coordinates this interaction, where the vocabulary, the volatile chemicals that mediate the insect response, remains largely unknown. Here, we employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by hierarchical cluster (HCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), to profile the volatomes of six Metschnikowia spp., Cryptococcus nemorosus and brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeasts, which are all found in association with insects feeding on foliage or fruit, emit characteristic, species-specific volatile blends that reflect the phylogenetic context. Species-specificity of these volatome profiles aligned with differential feeding of cotton leafworm larvae Spodoptera littoralis on these yeasts. Bioactivity correlates with yeast ecology; phylloplane species elicited a stronger response than fruit yeasts, and larval discrimination may provide a mechanism for establishment of insect-yeast associations. The yeast volatomes contained a suite of insect attractants known from plant and especially floral headspace, including (Z)-hexenyl acetate, ethyl (2E,4Z)-deca-2,4-dienoate (pear ester), (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), linalool, α-terpineol, β-myrcene or (E,E)-a-farnesene. A wide overlap of yeast and plant volatiles, notably floral scents further emphasizes the prominent role of yeasts in plant-microbe-insect relationships including pollination. The knowledge of insect-yeast interactions can be readily brought to practical application, live yeasts or yeast metabolites mediating insect attraction provide an ample toolbox for the development of sustainable insect management.IMPORTANCEYeasts interface insect herbivores with their food plants. Communication depends on volatile metabolites, and decoding this chemical dialogue is key to understanding the ecology of insect-yeast interactions. This study explores the volatomes of eight yeast species which have been isolated from foliage, flowers or fruit, and from plant-feeding insects. They each release a rich bouquet of volatile metabolites, including a suite of known insect attractants from plant and floral scent. This overlap underlines the phylogenetic dimension of insect-yeast associations, which according to the fossil record, long predate the appearance of flowering plants. Volatome composition is characteristic for each species, aligns with yeast taxonomy, and is further reflected by a differential behavioural response of cotton leafworm larvae, which naturally feed on foliage of a wide spectrum of broad-leaved plants. Larval discrimination may establish and maintain associations with yeasts and is also a substrate for designing sustainable insect management techniques.

scholarly journals Yeast Volatomes Differentially Affect Larval Feeding in an Insect Herbivore

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Ljunggren ◽  
Felipe Borrero-Echeverry ◽  
Amrita Chakraborty ◽  
Tobias U. T. Lindblom ◽  
Erik Hedenström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cotton Leafworm ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Insect Attractants ◽  
Yeast Interactions

ABSTRACT Yeasts form mutualistic interactions with insects. Hallmarks of this interaction include provision of essential nutrients, while insects facilitate yeast dispersal and growth on plant substrates. A phylogenetically ancient chemical dialogue coordinates this interaction, where the vocabulary, the volatile chemicals that mediate the insect response, remains largely unknown. Here, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by hierarchical cluster and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analyses, to profile the volatomes of six Metschnikowia spp., Cryptococcus nemorosus, and brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The yeasts, which are all found in association with insects feeding on foliage or fruit, emit characteristic, species-specific volatile blends that reflect the phylogenetic context. Species specificity of these volatome profiles aligned with differential feeding of cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) larvae on these yeasts. Bioactivity correlates with yeast ecology; phylloplane species elicited a stronger response than fruit yeasts, and larval discrimination may provide a mechanism for establishment of insect-yeast associations. The yeast volatomes contained a suite of insect attractants known from plant and especially floral headspace, including (Z)-hexenyl acetate, ethyl (2E,4Z)-deca-2,4-dienoate (pear ester), (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), linalool, α-terpineol, β-myrcene, or (E,E)-α-farnesene. A wide overlap of yeast and plant volatiles, notably floral scents, further emphasizes the prominent role of yeasts in plant-microbe-insect relationships, including pollination. The knowledge of insect-yeast interactions can be readily brought to practical application, as live yeasts or yeast metabolites mediating insect attraction provide an ample toolbox for the development of sustainable insect management. IMPORTANCE Yeasts interface insect herbivores with their food plants. Communication depends on volatile metabolites, and decoding this chemical dialogue is key to understanding the ecology of insect-yeast interactions. This study explores the volatomes of eight yeast species which have been isolated from foliage, from flowers or fruit, and from plant-feeding insects. These yeasts each release a rich bouquet of volatile metabolites, including a suite of known insect attractants from plant and floral scent. This overlap underlines the phylogenetic dimension of insect-yeast associations, which according to the fossil record long predate the appearance of flowering plants. Volatome composition is characteristic for each species, aligns with yeast taxonomy, and is further reflected by a differential behavioral response of cotton leafworm larvae, which naturally feed on foliage of a wide spectrum of broad-leaved plants. Larval discrimination may establish and maintain associations with yeasts and is also a substrate for designing sustainable insect management techniques.

scholarly journals Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuke Deng ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Baolin Han ◽  
Xinqian Ning ◽  
Dong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Flavor Compounds ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Partial Least Square Analysis ◽  
Volatile Flavor

Daqu is an important saccharifying and fermenting agent. It provides various microorganisms and enzymes for the fermentation of Baijiu and plays a vital role in the formation of Baijiu flavor. However, it is difficult to obtain information on microbial growth and metabolism in time for Daqu production. Therefore, the “Qu Xiang” obtained by smelling is an important index in the traditional production process to evaluate the microbial fermentation in the process of Daqu-making, “Qu Xiang” mainly represents the volatile flavor compounds in Daqu. The microbial diversity and volatile metabolites on 0, 6, 16, and 29 days of the fermentation process were measured using high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Significant differences were found in the composition of the microbial community. Pseudomonas, Weissella, Bacillus, and Pelomonas were the main bacterial genera. Alternaria, Rhizopus, and Pichia are the main fungal genera. A total of 32 differential volatile metabolites were detected in samples at four time points using differential metabolic analysis. The correspondence of prevailing microorganisms with differential metabolites distinguished by Spearman correlation and two-way orthogonal partial least square analysis show that Saccharopolyspora exhibited a significant connection for the 12 differential metabolites. A significant positive correlation was observed between Rhizomucor and 13 different metabolites. These findings further understanding of the metabolism of microorganisms in Daqu fermentation and also help to control the microorganisms in the Daqu-making process, to obtain more stable Baijiu products.

scholarly journals Chemical Markers to Distinguish the Homo- and Heterozygous Bitter Genotype in Sweet Almond Kernels

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Stefania Vichi ◽  
Morgana N. Mayer ◽  
Maria G. León-Cárdenas ◽  
Beatriz Quintanilla-Casas ◽  
Alba Tres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sweet Almond

Bitterness in almonds is controlled by a single gene (Sk dominant for sweet kernel, sk recessive for bitter kernel) and the proportions of the offspring genotypes (SkSk, Sksk, sksk) depend on the progenitors’ genotype. Currently, the latter is deduced after crossing by recording the phenotype of their descendants through kernel tasting. Chemical markers to early identify parental genotypes related to bitter traits can significantly enhance the efficiency of almond breeding programs. On this basis, volatile metabolites related to almond bitterness were investigated by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry coupled to univariate and multivariate statistics on 244 homo- and heterozygous samples from 42 different cultivars. This study evidenced the association between sweet almonds’ genotype and some volatile metabolites, in particular benzaldehyde, and provided for the first time chemical markers to discriminate between homo- and heterozygous sweet almond genotypes. Furthermore, a multivariate approach based on independent variables was developed to increase the reliability of almond classification. The Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis classification model built with selected volatile metabolites that showed discrimination capacity allowed a 98.0% correct classification. The metabolites identified, in particular benzaldehyde, become suitable markers for the early genotype identification in almonds, while a DNA molecular marker is not yet available.

MOTIVASI MEMEDIASI PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. TELKOM WITEL YOGYAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Tyas Tunjung Sari ◽  
Pandu Nuansa Luhur
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Analyze Data

This study aims to determine the motivation of work to mediate the effect of training and work environment on employee performance at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze 1) the effect of training on employee performance at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta 2) the effect of training on employee performance through motivation at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta 3) the influence of the work environment on employee performance at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta 4) the influence of the work environment on employee performance through motivation at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta. This study uses primary data through research on 62 respondents. Structural Equation is used to analyze data, using PLS (Partial Least Square) version 2.0. The results of this study indicate that there are 1) positive and significant influence of training on employee performance 2) positive and significant influence of work environment on employee performance 3) positive and significant effect of training on employee performance through motivation 4) positive and significant influence of work environment on employee performance through motivation.

Locus Of Control Sebagai Varibel Moderasi Hubungan Kompleksitas Tugas Dan Kinerja Auiditor

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Sri Hastuti ◽  
Siti Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square

Research Objectives to prove the influence of the complexity of the tasks faced by the Auditor on performance in carrying out duties as an Auditor. The complexity of tasks related to various problems in the company requires locus of control from internal and external to maintain independence and competence.The first auditor performance case occurred in 2002 with the disclosure of the Enron case involving the KAP in the big five, Athur Anderson. In 2008 the Telkom case affected the closure of KAP Edy Priyanto, and there were still many other cases which were violations of the accountant's code of ethics.This research is in the form of quantitative, with proof of the complexity of the task and locus of control on the performance of the auditor. Sample 46 Junior auditors from several KAPs in Surabaya, using the Partial Least Square test, the result that the complexity of the task affects the performance of the Auditor and the interaction of the complexity of the task with locus of control does not affect the performance of the Auditor.

ANALYSIS THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS) AND SAFETY AND HEALTHY AT WORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SHWMS / SMK3) ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayat ◽  
Indah Kusuma Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Management System ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Management

Recently, the evolvement of globalization era has been the global challenges that cannot be avoided either by private or government sectors, and they are requested to be survived encountering such the condition. The implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) in the operational company is the way how to guarantee the quality of products or services offered to the people. One of the purposes of QMS implementation is to provide a prime satisfaction to the customers. The impact of QMS implementation is expected to increase job performance of the employees. Besides the implementation of Quality Management System (QMS), the impact of global challenges has been increasing the competitive efforts to execute more effective production process. However, it has required manpower protection accordingly. This research aims to find out whether the implementation of quality management system and safety and healthy at work management system have impacted on the job performance of employees. Objects of this research are the employees in the production department at PT Guna Senaputra Sejahtera Plant 1 Bogor. Data analysis technique of this research has applied software Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). PLS has estimated a model of correlation among the latent variables and correlation between latent variables and its indicators. Result of data processing has indicated that the implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) and system of safety and healthy at work have positively and significantly impacted job performance of employees.Keywords : Quality Management System (QMS), Safety and Healthy at Work System ( SHWS / SMK3), and Job Performance of Employees

A Consuequence of Statisfaction and Loyalty: How Brand nd Purchase Intention Affect Its (An empirical study of Bengkulu)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Fachri Eka Saputra ◽  
Fedyah Anggriani
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Price Fairness ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of this study as to determine how the effect of waterpark image and price fairness on customer satisfaction and its implications for customer loyalty at Waterpark Wahana Surya Bengkulu. The measurement of this study uses 14 indicator items which are distributed using an online questionnaire. The number of samples in this study were 136 respondents and the data were analyzed using SEM PLS (Partial Least Square). Date were collected using a questionnaire using a Likert scale. This research used descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The type of data used in this study is primary data. The results of this study prove that 1. waterpark image has a positive effect on price fairness, 2. Waterpark image has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, 3. Fairness of price has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, 4. Waterpark image has a positive effect on customer loyalty, 5. Fairness of price has a positive effect on customer loyalty, 6. Customer satisfaction has no effect on customer loyalty.

Factors Influencing Green Purchase Behavior among Young Consumers in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Abdulalem Mohammed ◽  
Abdo Homaid ◽  
Wail Alaswadi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Green Purchasing

For environmental and business reasons, understanding the consumer behaviour of the young towards green products is very important. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing green product buying intention and behaviour among young consumers in Saudi Arabia. The study has developed a set of hypotheses utilising the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a guiding principle. They were tested based on data collected from 257 individuals through the use of the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The findings showed that a culture of collectivism was the best way to predict the green purchasing intentions of young Saudis, followed by a willingness to pay, environmental self-identity and peer pressure. Additionally, purchasing intention is a major factor influencing actual green purchasing behaviour.

The Influence of Leadership Style, Work Environment on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at PT. Khrisna Multi Lintas Cemerlang

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 20544-20552
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Rista Kusumadewi ◽  
I Nengah Sudja ◽  
I Wayan Sujana
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Research Population

This study aims to examine and analyze the relationship between leadership style, work environment, job satisfaction and employee performance. This research was conducted at PT. Khrisna Multi Lintas Cemerlang with the research population were all employees who work in the company. All data obtained from questionnaires were suitable for use, then were analyzed by using structural equation model based on variant analysis which is known as Partial Least Square (PLS). The result of this research shows that the leadership style has positive and significant effect on employee performance, the work environment has positive and significant effect on employee performance, the leadership style has positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, the work environment has positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and job satisfaction has positive and significant on employee performance. The implication of this research was that the leadership needs to give freedom to subordinate to express their opinions, the workplace air temperature was well regulated, the work that was charged according to the ability and expertise, always guided by the company standard in carrying out each task and the employee has high knowledge in solving problem

Effect of Motivation to Employee Performance which was Mediatied by Work Satisfaction in PT Smailing Tour Denpasar

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20959-20973
Author(s):  
Benediktus Ignasius Tani Raka ◽  
Anik Yuesti ◽  
Nengah Landra
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Permanent Employees

This study aims is to test and analyze the influence of motivation on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction. This research was conducted at PT Smailing Tour Denpasar with population and research sample of all permanent employees that is 90 people. All data obtained from the kuisoner distribution is feasible to be used, then analyzed using a variance based structural equation model known as Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The result of the research shows that (1) the motivation has positive and significant effect on the employee's performance, (2) the motivation has positive and significant effect on the job satisfaction, (3) the job satisfaction has positive and significant effect to the employee's performance; (4) the motivation has positive and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction. The implication of this research is that motivation can be improved by taking into account the need for workplace environment to improve employee performance, job satisfaction can be improved by paying attention to the work itself in order to increase employee performance. Employee performance can be improved by taking into account the effectiveness of employees.

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