scholarly journals Temporal preparation and short-term temporal memory in depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yu Hsu ◽  
Hsin-Chien Lee ◽  
Timothy Joseph Lane ◽  
Marcus Missal
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Temporal Memory ◽  
Temporal Preparation ◽  
Variable Duration

AbstractPatient suffering of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often complain that subjective time seems to ‘drag’ with respect to physical time. This may point towards a generalized dysfunction of temporal processing in MDD. In the present study, we investigated temporal preparation in MDD. “Temporal preparation” refers to an increased readiness to act before an expected event; consequently, reaction time should be reduced. MDD patients and age-matched controls were required to make a saccadic eye movement between a central and an eccentric visual target after a variable duration preparatory period. We found that MDD patients produced a larger number of premature saccades, saccades initiated prior to the appearance of the expected stimulus. These saccades were not temporally controlled; instead, they seemed to reflect increased oculomotor impulsivity. In contrast, the latency of visually-guided saccades was strongly influenced by temporal preparation in controls; significantly less so, in MDD patients. This observed reduced temporal preparation in MDD was associated with a faster decay of short-term temporal memory. Moreover, in patients producing a lot of premature responses, temporal preparation to early imperative stimuli was increased. A reduction in premature saccades, however, was associated with reduced temporal preparation to late imperative stimuli.In conclusion, reduced temporal preparation and short-term temporal memory in the oculomotor domain supports the hypothesis that temporal processing was altered in MDD patients. These observed deficits could reflect other underlying aspects of abnormal time experience in MDD.

Short-term and long-term effects of major depressive disorder subtypes on obesity markers and impact of sex on these associations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémentine Ottino ◽  
Marie-Pierre F Strippoli ◽  
Mehdi Gholam ◽  
Aurélie M Lasserre ◽  
Caroline L Vandeleur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Depressive

Anticipatory saccades in sequential procedural learning in monkeys

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 1361-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Miyashita ◽  
M. K. Rand ◽  
S. Miyachi ◽  
O. Hikosaka
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Opposite Hand ◽  
Sequential Procedures ◽  
Correct Target

1. In a preceding paper we examined the short-term and long-term processes of learning of sequential procedures in monkeys. We now report that the pattern of eye movements changed along with the long-term learning. 2. The monkey's task was to press five consecutive pairs of target buttons (indicated by illumination) in the correct order for every pair, which the monkey had to find by trial and error (2 x 5 task). The whole sequence was called the "hyperset"; each pair was called the "set." 3. Initially, the saccade toward the correct target occurred after illumination of the targets (visually guided saccade). After sufficient learning, the saccade tended to occur before the target illumination (anticipatory saccade). This was true only for the hyperset that had been learned. 4. The likelihood of anticipatory saccade increased gradually over 20-30 days of practice of the particular hyperset. The time course was similar to how the hand learned (button press latency). 5. The monkeys were required to use the same hand for each hyperset throughout learning, except when we asked them to use the opposite hand. The nearly perfect performance due to the extensive practice was then deteriorated by the use of the opposite hand. We found, in addition, that anticipatory saccades became much less frequent. This finding suggests that critical for the skilled performance was the combination of the eyes and the side of the hand that was used for the practice of a given sequence.

Visually guided saccade versus eye-hand reach: contrasting neuronal activity in the cortical supplementary and frontal eye fields

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2187-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mushiake ◽  
N. Fujii ◽  
J. Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Supplementary Eye Field ◽  
Eye Field

1. We studied neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF) and frontal eye field (FEF) of a monkey during performance of a conditional motor task that required capturing of a target either with a saccadic eye movement (the saccade-only condition) or with an eye-hand reach (the saccade-and-reach condition), according to visual instructions. 2. Among 106 SEF neurons that showed presaccadic activity, more than one-half of them (54%) were active preferentially under the saccade-only condition (n = 12) or under the saccade-and-reach condition (n = 45), while the remaining 49 neurons were equally active in both conditions. 3. By contrast, most (97%) of the 109 neurons in the FEF exhibited approximately equal activity in relation to saccades under the two conditions. 4. The present results suggest the possibility that SEF neurons, at least in part, are involved in signaling whether the motor task is oculomotor or combined eye-arm movements, whereas FEF neurons are mostly related to oculomotor control.

Association of Short-term Particulate Matter Exposure with Suicide Death Among Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Young Hwang ◽  
Daein Choi ◽  
Jihoon Andrew Kim ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Jooyoung Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Abstract Objective: There is growing evidence that suggests a potential association between particulate matter (PM) and suicide. However, it is unclear that PM exposure and suicide death among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, a high-risk group for suicide.Methods: We investigated the risk of suicide among 1,046,169 newly-diagnosed MDD patients from 2004 to 2015 within the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. We identified 3,372 suicide cases from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, within the death statistics database of the Korean National Statistical Office. PMs with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), less than 10 μm (PM10), and 2.5 μm to 10 μm (PM2.5-10) were considered, which were provided from the National Ambient Air Monitoring System in South Korea. Time-stratified case-crossover analysis was performed to investigate the association of particulate matter exposure to suicide events.Results: The risk of suicide was significantly high upon the high level of exposure to PM2.5-10, PM10 on lag 1 (p for trend = 0.044, 0.035, respectively). A similar association was observed in the multi-day lag model (lag 0-3). Increasing exposure to PM 2.5 was not associated with increased suicide risk.Conclusions: Short-term exposure to a high level of PM2.5-10 and PM10 was associated with an elevated risk for suicide among MDD patients, while PM2.5 did not. There is a clear dose-response relationship between short-term coarse particle exposures with suicide death among Major Depressive Disorder patients. This result will be used as an essential basis for consideration when establishing an air pollution alarm system and implementing a suicide prevention program for reducing adverse health outcomes by PM.

scholarly journals Evidence for short-term, but not long-term, transfer effects in the temporal preparation of auditory stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672-2679
Author(s):  
Emily M Crowe ◽  
Christopher Kent
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Function ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Transfer Phase ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Preparation ◽  
Specific Memory

Starting procedures in racing sports consist of a warning (e.g., “Set”) followed by a target (e.g., “Go”) signal. During this interval (the foreperiod), athletes engage in temporal preparation whereby they prepare to respond to the target as quickly as possible. Despite a long history, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this process are debated. Recently, it has been suggested that traces of previous temporal durations drive temporal preparation performance rather than the traditional explanation that performance is related to the currently perceived hazard function. Los and colleagues used visual stimuli for the warning and target signals. As racing sports typically rely upon auditory stimuli, we investigated the role of memory on temporal preparation in the auditory domain. Experiment 1 investigated long-term transfer effects. In an acquisition phase, two groups of participants were exposed to different foreperiod distributions. One week later, during a transfer phase, both groups received the same distribution of foreperiods. There was no evidence for transfer effects. Therefore, Experiment 2 examined short-term transfer effects in which acquisition and transfer phases were completed in the same testing session. There was some evidence for transfer effects, but this was limited, suggesting that there may be modality-specific memory differences.

ECT response after relapse during continuation repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. A case report

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Conca ◽  
W. Hrubos ◽  
J. Di Pauli ◽  
P. König ◽  
A. Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Maintenance Ect

AbstractResearch on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) indicates that the treatment of non-psychotic depression is comparable to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in terms of short-term outcome. We report on a woman who exerted a recurrent moderate major depressive episode, 6 months after discontinuation of maintenance ECT. She responded to acute rTMS treatment which was followed by the rTMS maintenance-protocol. Within 2 months of continuation rTMS she relapsed suffering from a severe non psychotic depressive episode and had to be switched to a successful ECT. In this patient rTMS had a good clinical impact as an acute treatment strategy, but failed to prevent relapse as the continuation ECT previously did in the same patient.

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