scholarly journals Resolving the connectome – Spectrally-specific functional connectivity networks and their distinct contributions to behaviour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Becker ◽  
Alexis Hervais-Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Resting Activity ◽  
Spectrally Resolved ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe resting brain exhibits spontaneous patterns of activity that reflect features of the underlying neural substrate. Examination of inter-areal coupling of resting state oscillatory activity has revealed that the brain’s resting activity is composed of functional networks, whose topographies differ depending upon oscillatory frequency, suggesting a role for carrier frequency as a means of creating multiplexed, or functionally segregated, communication channels between brain areas. Using canonical correlation analysis, we examined spectrally resolved resting-state connectivity patterns derived from MEG recordings to determine the relationship between connectivity intrinsic to different frequency channels and a battery of over a hundred behavioural and demographic indicators, in a group of 89 young healthy participants. We demonstrate that each of the classical frequency bands in the range 1-40Hz (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) delineates a subnetwork that is behaviourally relevant, spatially distinct, and whose expression is either negatively or positively predictive of individual traits, with the strongest link in the alpha band being negative and networks oscillating at different frequencies, such as theta, beta and gamma carrying positive function.

scholarly journals Intrinsic sensory disinhibition contributes to intrusive re-experiencing in combat veterans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Clancy ◽  
Alejandro Albizu ◽  
Norman B. Schmidt ◽  
Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Combat Veterans ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Trauma Memory ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTIntrusive re-experiencing of traumatic events is a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In contrast to abstract, verbal intrusions in other affective disorders, intrusive re-experiencing in PTSD is characterized by vivid sensory details as “flashbacks”. While prevailing PTSD models largely focus on dysregulated emotional processes, we hypothesize that deficient sensory inhibition in PTSD could drive overactivation of sensory representations of trauma memories, precipitating sensory-rich intrusions of trauma. In 86 combat veterans, we examined resting-state alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillatory activity (in both power and posterior→frontal connectivity), given its key role in sensory cortical inhibition, in association with intrusive re-experiencing symptoms. A subset (N = 35) of veterans further participated in an odor task (including both combat and non-combat odors) to assess olfactory trauma memory and emotional response. We observed a strong association between intrusive re-experiencing symptoms and attenuated resting-state posterior→frontal alpha connectivity, which were both correlated with olfactory trauma memory (but not emotional response). Importantly, olfactory trauma memory was further identified as a full mediator of the relationship between alpha connectivity and intrusive re-experiencing in these veterans, suggesting that deficits in intrinsic sensory inhibition can contribute to intrusive re-experiencing of trauma via heightened trauma memory. Therefore, by permitting unfiltered sensory cues to enter information processing and spontaneously activating sensory representations of trauma, impaired sensory inhibition can constitute a sensory mechanism of intrusive re-experiencing in PTSD.HIGHLIGHTSAlpha oscillations (indexing sensory inhibition) measured in 86 combat veteransRe-experiencing symptom severity was associated with attenuated alpha connectivityTrauma memory for, not emotional response to, odors mediated this relationshipTrauma memories may arise via disinhibited activation of sensory representationsSensory systems may be novel target for intrusive re-experiencing symptom treatment

scholarly journals Microcircuitry of agranular frontal cortex: contrasting laminar connectivity between occipital and frontal areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 3242-3255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihei Ninomiya ◽  
Kacie Dougherty ◽  
David C. Godlove ◽  
Jeffrey D. Schall ◽  
Alexander Maier
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Supplementary Eye Field ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

Neocortex is striking in its laminar architecture. Tracer studies have uncovered anatomical connectivity among laminae, but the functional connectivity between laminar compartments is still largely unknown. Such functional connectivity can be discerned through spontaneous neural correlations during rest. Previous work demonstrated a robust pattern of mesoscopic resting-state connectivity in macaque primary visual cortex (V1) through interlaminar cross-frequency coupling. Here we investigated whether this pattern generalizes to other cortical areas by comparing resting-state laminar connectivity between V1 and the supplementary eye field (SEF), a frontal area lacking a granular layer 4 (L4). Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded with linear microelectrode arrays from all laminae of granular V1 and agranular SEF while monkeys rested in darkness. We found substantial differences in the relationship between the amplitude of gamma-band (>30 Hz) LFP and the phase of alpha-band (7–14 Hz) LFP between these areas. In V1, gamma amplitudes in L2/3 and L5 were coupled with alpha-band LFP phase in L5, as previously described. In contrast, in SEF phase-amplitude coupling was prominent within L3 and much weaker across layers. These results suggest that laminar interactions in agranular SEF are unlike those in granular V1. Thus the intrinsic functional connectivity of the cortical microcircuit does not seem to generalize across cortical areas.

scholarly journals Neurophysiologic Characterization of Resting State Connectivity Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Koshiyama ◽  
Makoto Miyakoshi ◽  
Kumiko Tanaka-Koshiyama ◽  
Yash B. Joshi ◽  
Juan L. Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

Background: Patients with schizophrenia show abnormal spontaneous oscillatory activity in scalp-level electroencephalographic (EEG) responses across multiple frequency bands. While oscillations play an essential role in the transmission of information across neural networks, few studies have assessed the frequency-specific dynamics across cortical source networks at rest. Identification of the neural sources and their dynamic interactions may improve our understanding of core pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with the neuropsychiatric disorders.Methods: A novel multivector autoregressive modeling approach for assessing effective connectivity among cortical sources was developed and applied to resting-state EEG recordings obtained from n = 139 schizophrenia patients and n = 126 healthy comparison subjects.Results: Two primary abnormalities in resting-state networks were detected in schizophrenia patients. The first network involved the middle frontal and fusiform gyri and a region near the calcarine sulcus. The second network involved the cingulate gyrus and the Rolandic operculum (a region that includes the auditory cortex).Conclusions: Schizophrenia patients show widespread patterns of hyper-connectivity across a distributed network of the frontal, temporal, and occipital brain regions. Results highlight a novel approach for characterizing alterations in connectivity in the neuropsychiatric patient populations. Further mechanistic characterization of network functioning is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Anatomical and Functional Connectivity to Resting-State Connectivity in Primate Somatosensory Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Li Min Chen ◽  
László Négyessy ◽  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
Arabinda Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals An investigation of the relationship between glutamate and resting state connectivity in chronic cannabis users

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2062-2071
Author(s):  
Sharlene D. Newman ◽  
Hu Cheng ◽  
Dae-Jin Kim ◽  
Ashley Schnakenberg-Martin ◽  
Ulrike Dydak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

Resting state connectivity mediates the relationship between collectivism and social cognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady G. Knyazev ◽  
Alexander N. Savostyanov ◽  
Andrey V. Bocharov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Merkulova
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

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