scholarly journals Production, purification and evaluation of biodegrading potential of PHB depolymerase of Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
S. J. Wani ◽  
Helal F. Al-Harthi ◽  
Asad Syed ◽  
Hesham Ali El-Enshasy
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Phb Depolymerase ◽  
Soil Burial

AbstractThere are numerous reports on PHB depolymerases produced by a wide variety of microorganisms isolated from various habitats, however, reports on PHB depolymerase isolated from plastic contaminated sites are scares. Thermophilic PHB polymerase produced by isolates obtained from plastic contaminated sites is expected to have better relevance for its application in plastic/bioplastic degradation. Although PHB has attracted commercial significance, the inefficient production and recovery methods, inefficient purification of PHB depolymerase and lack of ample knowledge on PHB degradation by PHB depolymerase have hampered its large scale commercialization. Therefore, to ensure the biodegradability of biopolymers, it becomes imperative to study the purification of the biodegrading enzyme system. We report the production, purification, and characterization of extracellular PHB depolymerase from Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7 isolated from a plastic contaminated site. The isolate produced extracellular poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) depolymerase in the mineral salt medium at 30oC during 4 days of incubation under shake flask condition. Purification of the enzyme was carried out by three different methods using PHB as a substrate. Purification of PHB depolymerase by ammonium salt precipitation, column chromatography, and solvent purification method was successfully carried out. Among the purification method tested, the enzyme was best purified by column chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B column with maximum (0.7993 U mg-1 ml-1) purification yield. The molecular weight of purified PHB depolymerase (40 kDa) closely resembled with PHB depolymerase of Aureobacterium saperdae. Experiments on assessment of biodegradation of PHB in liquid culture medium and under natural soil conditions confirmed PHB biodegradation potential of Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7. The results obtained in FTIR analysis, HPLC study and GC-MS analysis confirmed the biodegradation attempt in liquid medium by Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7. Changes in surface morphology of PHB film in soil burial as observed in FE SEM analysis confirmed the biodegradation of PHB. The isolate was capable of degrading PHB and resulted in 87.74% degradation. Higher rate of degradation under natural soil condition is the result of activity of soil microbes that complemented the degradation by Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7.

scholarly journals Thermophilic PHB depolymerase of Stenotrophomonas sp., an isolate from the plastic contaminated site is best purified on Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Z Sayyed ◽  
S J Wani ◽  
S S Shaikh ◽  
Helal F. Al-Harthi ◽  
Asad Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Phb Depolymerase ◽  
Solvent Purification

AbstractThere are numerous reports on PHB depolymerases produced by a wide variety of microorganisms isolated from various habitats, however, reports on PHB depolymerase isolated from plastic contaminated sites are scares. Thermophilic PHB polymerase produced by isolates obtained from plastic contaminated sites is expected to have better relevance for its application in plastic/ bioplastic degradation. Although PHB has attracted commercial significance, the inefficient production and recovery methods, inefficient purification of PHB depolymerase and lack of ample knowledge on PHB degradation by PHB depolymerase have hampered its large scale commercialization. Therefore, to ensure the biodegradability of biopolymers, it becomes imperative to study the purification of the biodegrading enzyme system. We report the production, purification, and characterization of extracellular PHB depolymerase from Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7 isolated from a plastic contaminated site. The isolate produced extracellular poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) depolymerase in the mineral salt medium at 30oC during 4 days of incubation under shake flask condition. Purification of the enzyme was carried out by three different methods using PHB as a substrate. Purification of PHB depolymerase by ammonium salt precipitation, column chromatography, and solvent purification method was successfully carried out. Among the purification method tested, the enzyme was best purified by column chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B column with maximum (0.7993 U/mg/ml) purification yield. The molecular weight of purified PHB depolymerase (40 kDa) closely resembled with PHB depolymerase of Aureobacterium saperdae.

scholarly journals Identification of Rhizospheric Microorganisms That Manages Root Knot Nematode and Improve Oil Yield in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Sudeep Tiwari ◽  
Rakesh Pandey ◽  
Avner Gross
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Sweet Basil

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), a highly valuable medicinal crop, is extremely susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita infestation, leading to severe losses in yield and chemo-pharmaceutical quality. Currently, chemical nematicides are the only effective option for the disease management. However, high toxicity to non-target organisms and adverse impact on soil health motivated the look for ecofriendly alternatives. Here, bioinoculants (Bacillus megatarium (“BM”), B. subtilis (“BS”)) were isolated from the rhizosphere of various medicinal and aromatic plants growing in Lucknow region, India. Their biocontrol effects were studied in O. basilicum plants that were invaded by M. incognita either in single or in consortium with Trichoderma harzianum (“TH”) and their efficiency compared to chemical nematicide (carbofuran) and a microbial reference strain (Pseudomonas fluorescens). The results show that all bioinoculants enhanced the growth and oil yield production and increased the nutrient content of O. basilicum by significantly reducing M. incognita infestation by 46 to 72%. Among the strains, a consortium of BM and TH was the most potent treatment. The efficiency of these bioinoculants was not restricted to sterile soil condition but remained high also in natural soil conditions, indicating that enriching soils with rhizospheric microbes can be an effective alternative to chemical nematicides.

An experiment in the control of the ground water-level in a fen peat soil

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
G. Alderman ◽  
D. H. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Soil

1. The methods of investigation of the effect of ground water-level on crop growth, together with tho field installations in use, are discussed.2. Direct field experiments are handicapped by the difficulties of achieving close control on a sufficiently large scale, due to considerable variations of surface level and depth of peat within individual fields and to rapid fluctuations in rainfall and evaporation. Many recorded experiments are associated with climatic conditions of substantial precipitation during the growing season.3. Seasonal fluctuations of ground water-level in Fen peat soils in England, in natural and agricultural conditions, are described.4. The local soil conditions are outlined and the implications of profile variations are discussed.5. The effective control of ground water-level on a field scale requires deep and commodious ditches and frequent large underdrains to ensure the movement of water underground with sufficient freedom to give rapid compensatory adjustment for marked disturbances of ground water-level following the incidence of heavy rain or excessive evaporation.6. A working installation for a field experiment in ordinary farming conditions is described and the measure of control attained is indicated.

scholarly journals Exploring economic and legal barriers to commercial aquaponics in the EU through the lens of the UK and policy proposals to address them

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cammies ◽  
David Mytton ◽  
Rosemary Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAquaponics is a food production system which connects recirculating aquaculture (fish) to hydroponics (plants) systems. Although aquaponics has the potential to improve soil conditions by reducing erosion and nutrient loss and has been shown to reduce food production related carbon emissions by up to 73%, few commercial aquaponics projects in the EU and UK have been successful. Key barriers to commercial success are insufficient initial investment, an uncertain and complex regulatory environment, and the lack of projects operating on a large scale able to demonstrate profitability. In this paper, we use the UK as a case study to discuss the legal and economic barriers to the success of commercial aquaponics in the EU. We also propose three policies: (1) making aquaponics eligible for the new system of Environmental Land Management grants; (2) making aquaponics eligible for organic certification; and (3) clarifying and streamlining the aquaponics licence application process. The UK’s departure from the EU presents a unique opportunity to review agricultural regulations and subsidies, which in turn could provide evidence that similar reforms are needed in the EU.

SOIL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ABSENCE OR SPARSE DEVELOPMENT OF APPLE ROOTS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. WEBSTER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
M 12 ◽  
Root Abundance

Within orchards or groups of similar samples, the abundance of apple roots [Formula: see text] diameter was related to total soil porosity (Sta). Below a boundary soil porosity, roots were sparse or absent, and above this porosity, maximum root abundance tended to increase with increase in soil porosity. Depending upon soil texture, this boundary porosity varied from 29 to 39%. A previously derived model, which estimates boundary soil porosity (Stc) as a function of texture, accounted for most of these differences. If the model was correct, all boundary Sta – Stc values should have been zero and in four of six groups of samples the derived values were zero, + 1 or − 1. The greater departures from the expected in the remaining two groups (− 2 and + 4) may have been due to a tolerance of M. 12 rootstock to poor aeration and incomplete exploitation of potential rooting depth, respectively. With the exception of M. 12, apple roots were sparse or absent in samples with less than 10% air porosity at a tension of 100 cm (S100 cm). Poor development of roots in these samples was predicted by the model. In many samples with S100 cm > 10% there were few or no roots. Soil strength of many samples was within the range known to interfere with root development. For the purpose of recognizing a soil condition that will prevent apple root growth, Sta – Stc appears to be superior to the other criteria examined, i.e. Sta, S100 cm or soil strength.

scholarly journals Using plants to remediate or manage metal-polluted soils: an overview on the current state of phytotechnologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e58283
Author(s):  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Caroline Miranda Biondi ◽  
Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva ◽  
Luiz Henrique Vieira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Current State ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
The Tropics

Soil contamination by metals threatens both the environment and human health and hence requires remedial actions. The conventional approach of removing polluted soils and replacing them with clean soils (excavation) is very costly for low-value sites and not feasible on a large scale. In this scenario, phytoremediation emerged as a promising cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technology to render metals less bioavailable (phytostabilization) or clean up metal-polluted soils (phytoextraction). Phytostabilization has demonstrable successes in mining sites and brownfields. On the other hand, phytoextraction still has few examples of successful applications. Either by using hyperaccumulating plants or high biomass plants induced to accumulate metals through chelator addition to the soil, major phytoextraction bottlenecks remain, mainly the extended time frame to remediation and lack of revenue from the land during the process. Due to these drawbacks, phytomanagement has been proposed to provide economic, environmental, and social benefits until the contaminated site returns to productive usage. Here, we review the evolution, promises, and limitations of these phytotechnologies. Despite the lack of commercial phytoextraction operations, there have been significant advances in understanding phytotechnologies' main constraints. Further investigation on new plant species, especially in the tropics, and soil amendments can potentially provide the basis to transform phytoextraction into an operational metal clean-up technology in the future. However, at the current state of the art, phytotechnology is moving the focus from remediation technologies to pollution attenuation and palliative cares.

scholarly journals The possibility of reclamation criteria success in Indonesia: soil condition, vegetation structure and species composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3201-3210
Author(s):  
Tedi Yunanto ◽  
Farisatul Amanah ◽  
Nabila Putri Wisnu
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Mine Reclamation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Chemical Conditions

There are two regulations for mine reclamation success in the forestry area in Indonesia, namely Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1827.K/30/MEM/2018. Both regulations rule vegetation and soil success. This study aims to analyse criteria parameters from both regulations in the mine reclamation and compare them to the surrounding secondary natural forest (SNF). This study was conducted in 6 six types of mine reclamation stand structures: 1, 4, 6, 9, 11-year-old plantation and SNF using 1 hectare of the circular plot each (total 6 ha). Soil samples were collected from 40 cm depth to analyse physical, biological and chemical conditions. Mine reclamation areas had almost similar physical, biological and chemical soil conditions with SNF. Nevertheless, due to the potential acid-forming (PAF) material from overburden, the 1-year-old plantation had pH = 3.23-3.27. The highest diversity index and the number of species and families in all reclamation areas were H’ = 1.82 (11-year-old); 14 species (9-year-old); and 11 families (9-year-old), comparing with SNF were H’ = 3.48; 67 species, and 31 families. Conversely, vegetation structure parameters in mine reclamation areas were higher than SNF (diameter at height breast (DBH; 1.3 m) = 28.42 cm; tree density = 469/ha; basal area = 35.04 m2/ha; and total height = 16.85 m). Compared to the SNF, vegetation structure and soil conditions are mostly possible for mine reclamation success. Still, species composition needs to be considered further as a standard interval to meet the criteria.

scholarly journals Ground-exploring routes of the Volyn region

2017 ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kucher ◽  
Ivan Voloshyn ◽  
Andrii Kukhtiy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Typical Chernozems ◽  
Soil Forming Processes ◽  
Soil Distribution

The article highlights the features of conducting soil excursion cognitive routes. We have proposed a comprehensive cognitive route for tourists of various degrees of educational level: schoolchildren and students of natural sciences. For each type of tourists, according to their wishes, information on natural features, soil cover and other excursion facilities are provided. Complex excursions are offered to attract more tourists. It is proposed to include in excursion routes: monuments and memorable places, architectural, archaeological, historical, sacral, museum and other valuable tourist objects. The excursion route in the Volyn region consists of eight soil study areas, where information is provided on the natural soil conditions, the most common types of soils, including gray forest soils, typical chernozems, sod-podzolic soils, peat soils and peat bogs. Two soils study areas are located on the forest-steppe area, where information on the main types of soils, their granulometric composition, and chemical properties are highlighted. The third-eighth field is laid within Volyn Polissya. Based on the study of the features of soil distribution, a soil-cognitive tourism route within the limits of the Forest-steppe and Volyn Polissya has been developed. The tour consists of information on the natural features of this territory, which testify to the conditions of the soil-forming processes, depending on the characteristics of natural conditions. During the soil study route, the peculiarities of distribution of the main types of soils and soil-forming rocks are highlighted. A table is prepared, in which a brief description of all types of soils found on the route and interesting tourist objects is located. Key words: soil, soil science cognitive field, tourist object, soil science route.

scholarly journals Effect of Lime and Soil Conditioners on Crop Yields and Soil Aggregation

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
J. A. Bonnet ◽  
R. Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Plant Crop

Data are presented here on the effect of synthetic soil conditioners on aggregation and aggregate stability of acid Lares clay and on their effect, with or without lime, on the yields of sweetpotatoes, cotton, and corn. Three conditioners were used: Formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, and Aerotil, dry form, each at the rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. There were 20 treatments: Check, lime, conditioners at three levels, and conditioners at the same three levels plus lime. The data presented indicate that these conditioners will stabilize soil structural units, but will not form them. Five crops were grown as a sequence: Sweetpotatoes, cotton, cotton (a ratoon crop), sweetpotatoes, and corn. All crops, except the cotton ratoon, showed some response to the application of soil conditioners. Sweetpotato, a root crop, was more responsive; but the cotton plant crop responded also to stabilized good structural soil conditions. The largest crop responses measured were in the limed treatments. Increases attributable to lime were obtained either in the presence or absence of synthetic soil conditioners. Liming and rational fertilization seems to be the key to increased productivity in some acid soils of Puerto Rico. The synthetic materials do not have practical possibilities in large-scale farming.

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