scholarly journals Effects of prey turnover on poison frog toxins: a landscape ecology approach to assess how biotic interactions affect species phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Prates ◽  
Andrea Paz ◽  
Jason L. Brown ◽  
Ana C. Carnaval
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Poison Frog ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Species Pairs

AbstractEcological studies of species pairs demonstrated that biotic interactions promote phenotypic change and eco-evolutionary feedbacks. However, we have a limited understanding of how phenotypes respond to interactions with multiple taxa. We investigate how interactions with a network of prey species contribute to spatially structured variation in the skin toxins of the Neotropical poison frog Oophaga pumilio. Specifically, we assess how beta-diversity of alkaloid-bearing arthropod prey assemblages (68 ant species) and evolutionary divergence among populations (from a neutral genetic marker) contribute to frog poison dissimilarity (toxin profiles composed of 230 different lipophilic alkaloids sampled from 934 frogs at 46 sites). We show that ant assemblage turnover predicts alkaloid turnover and unique toxin combinations across the range of O. pumilio. By contrast, evolutionary relatedness is barely correlated with toxin variation. We discuss how the analytical framework proposed here can be extended to other multi-trophic systems, coevolutionary mosaics, microbial assemblages, and ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Global urban signatures of phenotypic change in animal and plant populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. 8951-8956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Alberti ◽  
Cristian Correa ◽  
John M. Marzluff ◽  
Andrew P. Hendry ◽  
Eric P. Palkovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems

Humans challenge the phenotypic, genetic, and cultural makeup of species by affecting the fitness landscapes on which they evolve. Recent studies show that cities might play a major role in contemporary evolution by accelerating phenotypic changes in wildlife, including animals, plants, fungi, and other organisms. Many studies of ecoevolutionary change have focused on anthropogenic drivers, but none of these studies has specifically examined the role that urbanization plays in ecoevolution or explicitly examined its mechanisms. This paper presents evidence on the mechanisms linking urban development patterns to rapid evolutionary changes for species that play important functional roles in communities and ecosystems. Through a metaanalysis of experimental and observational studies reporting more than 1,600 phenotypic changes in species across multiple regions, we ask whether we can discriminate an urban signature of phenotypic change beyond the established natural baselines and other anthropogenic signals. We then assess the relative impact of five types of urban disturbances including habitat modifications, biotic interactions, habitat heterogeneity, novel disturbances, and social interactions. Our study shows a clear urban signal; rates of phenotypic change are greater in urbanizing systems compared with natural and nonurban anthropogenic systems. By explicitly linking urban development to traits that affect ecosystem function, we can map potential ecoevolutionary implications of emerging patterns of urban agglomerations and uncover insights for maintaining key ecosystem functions upon which the sustainability of human well-being depends.

scholarly journals Sequestered Alkaloid Defenses in the Dendrobatid Poison Frog Oophaga pumilio Provide Variable Protection from Microbial Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Hovey ◽  
Emily M. Seiter ◽  
Erin E. Johnson ◽  
Ralph A. Saporito
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Poison Frog ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence for Aposematism in the Dendrobatid Poison Frog Oophaga pumilio

Copeia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Saporito ◽  
Rachel Zuercher ◽  
Marcus Roberts ◽  
Kenneth G. Gerow ◽  
Maureen A. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Poison Frog ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio

scholarly journals Conserved transcriptomic profiles underpin monogamy across vertebrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Young ◽  
Michael H. Ferkin ◽  
Nina F. Ockendon-Powell ◽  
Veronica N. Orr ◽  
Steven M. Phelps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Social Monogamy ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Genomic Scale

Social monogamy, typically characterized by the formation of a pair bond, increased territorial defense, and often biparental care, has independently evolved multiple times in animals. Despite the independent evolutionary origins of monogamous mating systems, several homologous brain regions and neuropeptides and their receptors have been shown to play a conserved role in regulating social affiliation and parental care, but little is known about the neuromolecular mechanisms underlying monogamy on a genomic scale. Here, we compare neural transcriptomes of reproductive males in monogamous and nonmonogamous species pairs ofPeromyscusmice,Microtusvoles, parid songbirds, dendrobatid frogs, andXenotilapiaspecies of cichlid fishes. We find that, while evolutionary divergence time between species or clades did not explain gene expression similarity, characteristics of the mating system correlated with neural gene expression patterns, and neural gene expression varied concordantly across vertebrates when species transition to monogamy. Our study provides evidence of a universal transcriptomic mechanism underlying the evolution of monogamy in vertebrates.

scholarly journals Comparative systems biology across an evolutionary gradient within theShewanellagenus

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (37) ◽  
pp. 15909-15914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis ◽  
Margrethe H. Serres ◽  
Margaret F. Romine ◽  
Jorge L. M. Rodrigues ◽  
Jennifer Auchtung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
New Species Description

To what extent genotypic differences translate to phenotypic variation remains a poorly understood issue of paramount importance for several cornerstone concepts of microbiology including the species definition. Here, we take advantage of the completed genomic sequences, expressed proteomic profiles, and physiological studies of 10 closely relatedShewanellastrains and species to provide quantitative insights into this issue. Our analyses revealed that, despite extensive horizontal gene transfer within these genomes, the genotypic and phenotypic similarities among the organisms were generally predictable from their evolutionary relatedness. The power of the predictions depended on the degree of ecological specialization of the organisms evaluated. Using the gradient of evolutionary relatedness formed by these genomes, we were able to partly isolate the effect of ecology from that of evolutionary divergence and to rank the different cellular functions in terms of their rates of evolution. Our ranking also revealed that whole-cell protein expression differences among these organisms, when the organisms were grown under identical conditions, were relatively larger than differences at the genome level, suggesting that similarity in gene regulation and expression should constitute another important parameter for (new) species description. Collectively, our results provide important new information toward beginning a systems-level understanding of bacterial species and genera.

Does evolutionary relatedness predict ecological similarity?

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Judith A. Sclafani ◽  
Curtis R. Congreve ◽  
Mark E. Patzkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Ecological Difference

Abstract A fundamental question in paleobiology is whether ecology is correlated with evolutionary history. By combining time-calibrated phylogenetic trees with genus occurrence data through time, we can understand how environmental preferences are distributed on a tree and evaluate support for models of ecological similarity. Exploring parameters that lend support to each evolutionary model will help address questions that lie at the nexus of the evolutionary and ecological sciences. We calculated ecological difference and phylogenetic distance between species pairs for 83 taxa used in recent phylogenetic revisions of the brachiopod order Strophomenida. Ecological difference was calculated as the pairwise distance along gradients of water depth, carbonate, and latitudinal affinity. Phylogenetic distance was calculated as the pairwise branch length between tips of the tree. Our results show no relationship between ecological affinity and phylogeny. Instead results suggest an ecological burst during the initial radiation of the clade. This pattern likely reflects scaling at the largest macroevolutionary and macroecological scales preserved in the fossil record. Hierarchical scaling of ecological and evolutionary processes is complex, but phylogenetic paleoecology is an avenue for better evaluating these questions.

scholarly journals Global-level population genomics reveals differential effects of geography and phylogeny on horizontal gene transfer in soil bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (30) ◽  
pp. 15200-15209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Greenlon ◽  
Peter L. Chang ◽  
Zehara Mohammed Damtew ◽  
Atsede Muleta ◽  
Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Representative Subset ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness

Although microorganisms are known to dominate Earth’s biospheres and drive biogeochemical cycling, little is known about the geographic distributions of microbial populations or the environmental factors that pattern those distributions. We used a global-level hierarchical sampling scheme to comprehensively characterize the evolutionary relationships and distributional limitations of the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts of the crop chickpea, generating 1,027 draft whole-genome sequences at the level of bacterial populations, including 14 high-quality PacBio genomes from a phylogenetically representative subset. We find that diverse Mesorhizobium taxa perform symbiosis with chickpea and have largely overlapping global distributions. However, sampled locations cluster based on the phylogenetic diversity of Mesorhizobium populations, and diversity clusters correspond to edaphic and environmental factors, primarily soil type and latitude. Despite long-standing evolutionary divergence and geographic isolation, the diverse taxa observed to nodulate chickpea share a set of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) that encode the major functions of the symbiosis. This symbiosis ICE takes 2 forms in the bacterial chromosome—tripartite and monopartite—with tripartite ICEs confined to a broadly distributed superspecies clade. The pairwise evolutionary relatedness of these elements is controlled as much by geographic distance as by the evolutionary relatedness of the background genome. In contrast, diversity in the broader gene content of Mesorhizobium genomes follows a tight linear relationship with core genome phylogenetic distance, with little detectable effect of geography. These results illustrate how geography and demography can operate differentially on the evolution of bacterial genomes and offer useful insights for the development of improved technologies for sustainable agriculture.

ANALYSIS OF TWO-STATE MULTIVARIATE PHENOTYPIC CHANGE IN ECOLOGICAL STUDIES

Ecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Collyer ◽  
Dean C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Ecological Studies
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