scholarly journals Image-based Phenotyping and Genetic Analysis of Potato Skin Set and Color

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Caraza-Harter ◽  
Jeffrey B. Endelman
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Red Color ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Potato Skin ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Early Harvest

ABSTRACTImage-based phenotyping offers new opportunities for fast, objective, and reliable measurement for breeding and genetics research. In the current study, image analysis was used to quantify potato skin color and skin set, which are critical for the marketability of new varieties. A set of 15 red potato varieties and advanced breeding lines was evaluated over two years at a single location, with two harvest times in the second year. After mechanical harvest and grading, 7-8 representative tubers per plot were photographed, and the photos were analyzed with ImageJ to measure skinning (as % surface area) and skin color using the Hue, Chroma and Lightness (HCL) representation. The plot-based heritability was consistently high (> 0.77) across traits and environments; the genetic correlation between environments was also high, ranging from 0.81 to 0.98. Significant increases in Lightness and Chroma, as well as a decrease in skinning, were observed at the late compared to early harvest, while the opposite trends for color were observed after six weeks of storage. The three color traits were unexpectedly collinear in this study, with the first principal component explaining 86% of the variation. This result may reflect the physiology of red color in potato, but the highly selected nature of the 15 genotypes may also be a factor. Image-based phenotyping offers new opportunities to advance genetic gain and understanding for tuber appearance traits that have been difficult to precisely measure in the past.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and genome-wide association analysis of flavor and texture in cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Bassett ◽  
Kelvin Kamfwa ◽  
Daniel Ambachew ◽  
Karen Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
White Bean ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
End Use

Abstract Key message Cooked bean flavor and texture vary within and across 20 Andean seed types; SNPs are significantly associated with total flavor, beany, earthy, starchy, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Abstract Common dry beans are a nutritious food recognized as a staple globally, but their consumption is low in the USA. Improving bean flavor and texture through breeding has the potential to improve consumer acceptance and suitability for new end-use products. Little is known about genetic variability and inheritance of bean sensory characteristics. A total of 430 genotypes of the Andean Diversity Panel representing twenty seed types were grown in three locations, and cooked seeds were evaluated by a trained sensory panel for flavor and texture attribute intensities, including total flavor, beany, vegetative, earthy, starchy, sweet, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Extensive variation in sensory attributes was found across and within seed types. A set of genotypes was identified that exhibit extreme attribute intensities generally stable across all three environments. seed-coat perception and total flavor intensity had the highest broad-sense heritability (0.39 and 0.38, respectively), while earthy and vegetative intensities exhibited the lowest (0.14 and 0.15, respectively). Starchy and sweet flavors were positively correlated and highest in white bean genotypes according to principal component analysis. SNPs associated with total flavor intensity (six SNPs across three chromosomes), beany (five SNPs across four chromosomes), earthy (three SNPs across two chromosomes), starchy (one SNP), bitter (one SNP), seed-coat perception (three SNPs across two chromosomes), and cotyledon texture (two SNPs across two chromosomes) were detected. These findings lay a foundation for incorporating flavor and texture in breeding programs for the development of new varieties that entice growers, consumers, and product developers alike.

scholarly journals Genetic worth of multiple sets of cowpea breeding lines destined for advanced yield testing

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Obia Ongom ◽  
Christian Fatokun ◽  
Abou Togola ◽  
Oluwaseye Gideon Oyebode ◽  
Mansur Sani Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Location Interaction

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine genetic potentials in eight sets of cowpea lines for grain yield (GY), hundred seed weight (HSDWT) and days to 50% flowering (DT50FL). A total of 614 F6 genotypes constituting the sets, grouped by maturity, were evaluated across two locations in Northern Nigeria, in an alpha lattice design, two replications each. Data were recorded on GY, HSDWT and DT50FL.Variance components, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), and genetic advance (GA) were used to decode the magnitude of genetic variance within and among sets. Genetic usefulness (Up) which depends on mean and variance to score the genetic merits in historically bi-parental populations was applied to groups of breeding lines with mixed parentage. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to depict contribution of traits to observed variations. GY and DT50FL explained the variance within and between sets respectively. Genotypes were significantly different, although genotype-by-location and set-by-location interaction effects were also prominent. Genetic variance (δ2G) and GCV were high for GY in Prelim2 (δ2G = 45,897; GCV = 19.58%), HSDWT in Prelim11 (δ2G = 7.137; GCV = 17.07%) and DT50F in Prelim5 (δ2G = 4.54; GCV = 4.4%). Heritability varied among sets for GY (H = 0.21 to 0.57), HSDWT (H = 0.76 to 0.93) and DT50FL (H = 0.20 to 0.81). GA and percentage GA (GAPM) were high for GY in Prelim2 (GAPM = 24.59%; GA = 269.05Kg/ha), HSDWT in Prelim11 (GAPM = 28.54%; GA = 4.47 g), and DT50F in Prelim10 (GAPM = 6.49%; GA = 3.01 days). These sets also registered high values of genetic usefulness, suggesting potential application in non-full sib populations. These approaches can be used during preliminary performance tests to reinforce decisions in extracting promising lines and choose among defined groups of lines.

scholarly journals Cucumber breeding lines are a prospective material for creating new varieties for open ground in southern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
O. P. Kigashpaeva ◽  
A. V. Gulin ◽  
L. P. Lavrova
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The varieties and hybrids of cucumbers cultivated in the Astrakhan region are insufficiently productive and are largely affected by a number of diseases. The introduction of innovative developments into production, in particular, new varieties and hybrids of domestic selection, largely solves the problem of import substitution and food security. The goal is to use promising breeding lines and their offspring as genetic sources and donors when creating new varieties and hybrids for open field conditions in southern Russia.Methods. Experiments were carried out in the fields of Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences, according to the methods used in the Astrakhan region. Within three years, 47 collection samples were tested.Results. The article presents the results of studying the 12 most promising ones, distinguished by a complex of valuable economic traits, in particular by yield, amicability of fruit setting, which are of interest for further breeding work. According to the results of the data obtained, we can say that the best were the lines: 13-88RZ, 13-101RZ, Gherkins, KRASTAVAC, Courage, Zina, they can be used to create new varieties and hybrids of cucumber as donors of a predominantly female type of flowering, harmonious yield.

scholarly journals Assessment of wild tomato accessions for fruit yield, physicochemical and nutritional properties under a rain forest agro-ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dorcas Ibitoye ◽  
Adesike Kolawole ◽  
Roseline Feyisola
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a broadly consumed fruit vegetable globally. It is one of the research mandate vegetable of the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria. The institute’s contains diverse collections of tomato accessions and wild relatives, without utilization information for the African continent. With the decline in diversity and potential of cultivars, a robust tomato breeding pipeline with broad genetic base that eliminates redundancy in the development of lines with desired horticultural traits is paramount. This study evaluated the mean performance and variations of thirteen wild tomato accessions obtained from the C.M. Rick Tomato Genetic Resource Center, University of California, Davis, USA, evaluated for agronomic, nutritional and physicochemical traits under a rain forest zone in Nigeria. The accessions were planted and grown in three replications with randomized complete block design. Agronomic traits, physicochemical and nutritional parameters were measured and analyzed. There was significant (P < 0.001) variation among accessions for all traits measured. Accession LA0130 was separated from others by cluster analysis and was outstanding for its unique attributes which include: fruit yield parameters, total soluble solids, acidity and content. The principal component analysis suggests fruit yield related traits, acidity and contributed most to the variation among the 13 accessions. The results obtained can be used to breed materials adapted to a rain forest . These wild tomato accessions have genes with desirable agronomic, nutritional and physicochemical traits that could be into breeding lines to improve commercial tomato varieties.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Phosphorus Improves Apple Fruit Color During Ripening

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franci Štampar ◽  
Jan Bizjak ◽  
Robert Veberič ◽  
Jerneja Jakopič
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Apple Production

The red color of skin is a much desired property in apple production. For better red fruit coloration the applications of foliar fertilizers on the basis of calcium and phosphorus are used. In the present study ‘Braeburn’ apple trees were sprayed twice with Phostrade Ca (phosphorus), 5 and 3 weeks before harvest. In 7-days intervals fruit color, the content of flavonoids and enzyme activity involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins have been monitored. Foliar application of Phostrade Ca caused a more intense red skin color of apples and higher anthocyanin content. Their level increased during ripening, in treated apples the content of total anthocyanins was 20-fold higher at harvest while in control apples only 9-fold higher compared to the initial values. Cyanidin 3-galactoside was the most abundant anthocyanin (80 to 86% of total anthocyanins), followed by cyanidin 3-arabinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-xyloside and cyanidin 7-arabinoside. Prostrade Ca increased the levels of all quercetin glycosides, with the exception of quercetin 3-rhamnoside. No significant influence of Phostrade Ca on the content of hydroxycinnamic acids, dihydrochalcones, flavanols and total phenolics has been monitored. The activity of FHT and DFR increased during ripening but Phostrade Ca influenced only higher activity of DFR.

Seasonal distribution and movement of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) in the lower Saint John River Basin, New Brunswick, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2354-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Whitmore ◽  
Matthew K. Litvak
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Saint John ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus

Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) movement and distribution varies seasonally within the lower Saint John River Basin. We use acoustic telemetry to track coarse-scale movement and a network-based approach to develop metrics describing distribution and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon tagged in two rivers, the Saint John and Kennebecasis rivers. We use principal component analysis to develop indices of movement and residency and test for differences among seasons and between fish from each river. Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon exhibit higher residency during summer months compared with winter and spring. Juveniles are primarily concentrated in the brackish waters of the lower river reaches but make movements as far upriver as rkm 88. There was high variation in distribution and movement patterns exhibited by fish tagged in the Kennebecasis River, ranging from single-location occupancy to wide distribution. Three fish left the system during the study, indicating juveniles embark on brief marine excursions. Identifying spatiotemporal distributions of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon in their natal river systems is a crucial step towards identifying critical habitat and informing management decisions for this species.

scholarly journals Food security: increasing yield and improving resource use efficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. J. Parry ◽  
Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

Food production and security will be a major issue for supplying an increasing world population. The problem will almost certainly be exacerbated by climate change. There is a projected need to double food production by 2050. In recent times, the trend has been for incremental modest yield increases for most crops. There is an urgent need to develop integrated and sustainable approaches that will significantly increase both production per unit land area and the resource use efficiency of crops. This review considers some key processes involved in plant growth and development with some examples of ways in which molecular technology, plant breeding and genetics may increase the yield and resource use efficiency of wheat. The successful application of biotechnology to breeding is essential to provide the major increases in production required. However, each crop and each specific agricultural situation presents specific requirements and targets for optimisation. Some increases in production will come about as new varieties are developed which are able to produce satisfactory crops on marginal land presently not considered appropriate for arable crops. Other new varieties will be developed to increase both yield and resource use efficiency on the best land.

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