scholarly journals Late Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers in the Central Mediterranean: new archaeological and genetic data from the Late Epigravettian burial Oriente C (Favignana, Sicily)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Catalano ◽  
Domenico Lo Vetro ◽  
Pier Francesco Fabbri ◽  
Swapan Mallick ◽  
David Reich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Late Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Early Human ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractGrotta d’Oriente, a small coastal cave located on the island of Favignana (Sicily, Italy) is a key site for the study of the early human colonization of Sicily. The individual known as Oriente C was found in the lower portion of an anthropogenic deposit containing typical local Late Upper Palaeolithic (Late Epigravettian) stone assemblages. Two radiocarbon dates on charcoal from the deposit containing the burial are consistent with the archaeological context and refer Oriente C to a period spanning about 14,200-13,800 cal. BP. Anatomical features are close to those of Late Upper Palaeolithic populations of the Mediterranean and show strong affinity with Palaeolithic individuals of San Teodoro. Here we present new ancient DNA data from Oriente C. Our results, confirming previous genetic analysis, suggest a substantial genetic homogeneity among Late Epigravettian hunter-gatherer populations of Central Mediterranean, presumably as a consequence of continuous gene flow among different groups, or a range expansion following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).

The Late Upper Palaeolithic Occupation of the Moroccan Northwest Maghreb During the Last Glacial Maximum

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. E. Barton ◽  
A. Bouzouggar ◽  
S. N. Collcutt ◽  
R. Gale ◽  
T. F. G. Higham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Late Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Absence of Last Glacial Maximum Records in Lowland Tropical Forests

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Ledru ◽  
Jacques Bertaux ◽  
Abdelfettah Sifeddine ◽  
Kenitiro Suguio
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Pollen Records ◽  
The Last Glacial

Environmental conditions of the lowland tropical forests during the last glacial maximum (LGM) between ca 20,000 and 18,000 14C yr B.P., are reevaluated in terms of dating control and lithology analyzed in seven pollen records from South America. The reevaluation shows that probably in none of the published records are LGM sediments present or abundant. This conclusion is based on the occurrence of abrupt lithologic changes coupled with changes in sedimentation rate interpolated from radiocarbon dates. These findings suggest that the LGM was represented probably by a hiatus of several thousand years, indicative of drier climates than before or after.

scholarly journals Underwater faunal assemblages: radiocarbon dates and late Quaternary vertebrates from Cold Lake, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Jass ◽  
Devyn Caldwell ◽  
Christina I. Barrón-Ortiz ◽  
Alwynne B. Beaudoin ◽  
Jack Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
East Central ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cold Lake ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Last Glacial

Late Quaternary faunal remains from three underwater settings in Cold Lake, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, include at least 13 vertebrate taxa consistent with assemblages that postdate the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Seven new radiocarbon dates range from 10 350 ± 40 to 161 ± 23 years BP and provide insight into the post-LGM biotic history of east-central Alberta and west-central Saskatchewan. The presence of an essentially modern large mammal biota is suggested for the mid-Holocene, and possibly earlier, if the absence of extinct or extirpated taxa in association with Late Pleistocene Bison at the Alberta–Saskatchewan site is meaningful. Taphonomically, some of the remains suggest deposition in open environments during the Holocene, possibly when lake levels were lower. The recovery of late Quaternary faunal remains from a present-day lacustrine setting is novel, and suggests that similar records may occur in other lakes in western Canada, including those in areas with scarce Quaternary vertebrate records.

Coastal occupation and foraging during the last glacial maximum and early Holocene at Waterfall Bluff, eastern Pondoland, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich C. Fisher ◽  
Hayley C. Cawthra ◽  
Irene Esteban ◽  
Antonieta Jerardino ◽  
Frank H. Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractWaterfall Bluff is a rock shelter in eastern Pondoland, South Africa, adjacent to a narrow continental shelf that limited coastline movements across glacial/interglacial cycles. The archaeological deposits are characterized by well-preserved stratigraphy, faunal, and botanical remains alongside abundant stone artifacts and other materials. A comprehensive dating protocol consisting of 5 optically stimulated luminescence ages and 51 accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages shows that the record of hunter-gatherer occupations at Waterfall Bluff persisted from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene, spanning the last glacial maximum and the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene. Here, we provide detailed descriptions about the sedimentary sequence, chronology, and characteristics of the archaeological deposits at Waterfall Bluff. Remains of marine mollusks and marine fish also show, for the first time, that coastal foraging was a component of some hunter-gatherer groups’ subsistence practices during glacial phases in the late Pleistocene. The presence of marine fish and shellfish further demonstrates that hunter-gatherers selectively targeted coastal resources from intertidal and estuarine habitats. Our results therefore underscore the idea that Pondoland's coastline remained a stable and predictable point on the landscape over the last glacial/interglacial transition being well positioned for hunter-gatherers to access resources from the nearby coastline, narrow continental shelf, and inland areas.

Climatic variability in the northern sector of the American tropics since the latest MIS 3

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Socorro Lozano-García ◽  
Beatriz Ortega ◽  
Priyadarsi D. Roy ◽  
Laura Beramendi-Orosco ◽  
Margarita Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
American Tropics ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial ◽  
Northern Sector

AbstractWe inferred millennial-scale climate variations and paleohydrological conditions in the northern sector of the American tropics for 30.3–5.5 cal ka BP using geochemical characteristics of sediments from Lake Chalco in central Mexico. The sediment sequence is chronologically constrainedwith three tephra and nine radiocarbon dates. Temporal variations in titanium, total inorganic carbon, total organic carbon/titanium ratio, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and silica/titanium ratio indicate changes in runoff, salinity, productivity, and sources. Higher concentrations of Ti indicate more runoff during latest Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (30.3–28.6 cal ka BP). Runoff was lower during the last glacial maximum (LGM; 23–19 cal ka BP) than during the Heinrich 2 event (26–24 cal ka BP). The interval of reduced runoff continued up to 17.5 cal ka BP but increased during the Bølling/Allerød. Trends of decreasing runoff and increasing salinity are observed throughout MIS 1. Lake Chalco received less runoff during the LGM compared to deglaciation, opposite the trend of other North American tropical records. Different amounts of rainfall at different sites are possibly due to shifts in the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, changes in the size of the Altlanticwarmpool, and varying sea-surface temperatures of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

The Last Glacial Maximum in northern Baffin Bay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Søby Özdemir ◽  
Henrieka Detlef ◽  
Linda Lambertucci ◽  
Christof Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Little is known about climate and ocean conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum in Baffin Bay, Greenland. This is partly due to the dissolution of biogenic carbonates in the central Baffin Bay, preventing reliable <sup>14</sup>C-chronologies. We present the results from a transect of gravity cores retrieved during the 2019 BIOS cruise on the HDMS Lauge Koch in the northern Baffin Bay. Core LK19-ST8-14G has been analyzed for grain size variations, sea-ice biomarkers, XRF, and color spectrophotometry. A preliminary chronology based on radiocarbon dates from foraminifera show that the bottom of the core is approximately 35.000 cal. years BP while the top sediments are of Late Holocene age. The sediment archive thus covers the full extent of the LGM and the last deglaciation. High-resolution photography and CT scans allowed the identification of distinctly different lithofacies in the sediment archive. The lower sections of the core are characterized by laminated mud with no IRD and absence of microfossils indicating a sub ice-shelf environment during the glacial period. The laminated sequence is interrupted by several coarser, detrital-carbonate (DC) rich layers which are interpreted as episodes of glacial retreat or ice-shelf collapse. The youngest of these DC layers immediately precedes the Holocene, which is represented by approximately 40 cm of bioturbated sediments with some IRD. This interpretation is supported by the concentrations of HBIs and sterols throughout the core, which indicate near perennial ice cover in the glacial northern Baffin Bay and more open water conditions during the Holocene.</p>

Sediment record of precipitation and changes in circulation in Bohol Sea area since the Last Glacial Maximum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarahmae Buen ◽  
Fernando Siringan ◽  
Ronald Lloren
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Sediment Input ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Deep marine sediments may provide insights of past climate and oceanographic events. Knowledge of the past events can aid in scenario setting of future climate and their oceanographic consequences. A deep sea sediment core from the western side of Bohol Sea, a marginal sea located south of the Philippines, was used to reconstruct precipitation and identify the impacts of sea level rise on the circulation of Bohol Sea.  Five radiocarbon dates from bulk organic matter provide age control spanning back to the Last Glacial Maximum. Sedimentological (lithics and carbonate fractions; bulk density; sedimentation rate and mass accumulation rate) and geochemical (Ti, Al, Zr, Ti/Al and Y/Ni) data were used to reconstruct the sediment input for the area. Sediment input was decreasing from 20-15ka, followed by a relatively stable trend until ~9ka. After ~9ka sediment input increased up until the most recent years. Sedimentation trend follows the average winter (DJF) insolation curve at 10<sup>o</sup>N. This signifies that the sediment input reflects the general changes in precipitation in the area. Lithics and carbonate contents reflect a shift in sediment source that could be attributed to the change in circulation in the basin as the sea level rose to overtop the Surigao Strait located at the northeastern side of the basin. Greater westward transport of suspended material from large rivers to the east would contribute to the sedimentation in the western part of Bohol Sea.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Radiocarbon Ages from Different Organic Fractions in Tropical Peat Cores: Insights from Kalimantan, Indonesia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael A J Wüst ◽  
Geraldine E Jacobsen ◽  
Haitse von der Gaast ◽  
Andrew M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Pollen Extract ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Tropical Peat ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Extract Fraction ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Various organic fractions of an Indonesian tropical peat deposit were dated using radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Four different depth layers, deposited during the last 28,000 14C yr, were analyzed and the data compared to bulk sample analyses. The pollen extracts consistently produced the oldest dates. The bulk samples (<250 μm and <100 μm) often yielded the youngest dates. The age difference between the individual fractions depended on the layer depth and hence the true age of the sampled peats. The age discrepancy was highest (∼16,000 14C yr) in the oldest peat material. We interpret this to be a consequence of the input of organic matter over a long period of time, with peat oxidation and/or no peat accumulation during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The age discrepancies were smaller (between 10 and 900 14C yr) for the Holocene peat samples. It was concluded that the pollen extract fraction might be the most reliable fraction for dating tropical peat deposits that are covered by deeply rooting vegetation.

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