scholarly journals Maternal effects and environmental filtering shape seed fungal communities in oak trees

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Fort ◽  
Charlie Pauvert ◽  
Amy E. Zanne ◽  
Otso Ovaskainen ◽  
Thomas Caignard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
List Type ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Starting Point

SummaryTrees, as foundation species, play a pivotal role in the species interaction networks that constitute forest ecosystems. From the seed stage, they interact with microbial communities that affect their growth, health and fitness. Despite their eco-evolutionary importance, the processes shaping seed microbial communities in natural forests have received little attention.To unravel these processes, we analyzed the microbial communities of seeds collected in populations of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) growing along elevation gradients. We focused on the fungal communities as this group includes seed pathogens. Ecological processes shaping the communities were quantified using joint species distribution models.Fungi were present in all seed tissues, including the embryo. Fungal communities differed significantly among oak populations along the elevation gradients, and among mother trees within the same population. These maternal effects remained significant after seed fall, despite colonization by fungal species on the ground. Associations between tree pathogens and their antagonists were detected in the seeds.Our results demonstrate that both maternal effects and environmental filtering shape seed microbial communities of sessile oak. They provide a starting point for future research aimed at identifying the seed extended phenotypic traits that influence seed dispersal and germination, and seedling survival and growth across environments.

scholarly journals Vertical stratification of microbial communities in woody plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bahram ◽  
Kati Kings ◽  
Mari Pent ◽  
Sergei Polme ◽  
Daniyal Gohar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Related Factors

Bacterial and fungal endophytes form diverse communities and contribute to the performance and health of their host plants. Recent evidence suggests that both host related factors and environmental conditions determine the community structure of plant endophytes. Yet, we know little about their distribution patterns, and underlying community assembly mechanisms across plant compartments. Here we analysed the structure of bacterial and fungal communities associated with tree compartments as well as their underlying soils across 12 tree individuals in boreal forests. We found that the structure of bacterial and fungal communities depends more strongly on the vertical location of tree compartments rather than the locality, species, and individuals of host trees. Microbial communities showed much stronger host specificity in aboveground than belowground compartments. While having lower compartment community variability compared to fungi, bacterial communities were markedly more distinct between below- and aboveground components but not between hosts, reflecting the greater importance of environmental filtering rather than dispersal limitation and host identity in their community assembly. Our data suggest that spatial distance from soil as a major microbiome source contributes to the formation of microbiomes in plants, and that bacterial and fungal communities may follow contrasting assembly processes.

scholarly journals AB0862 CONSENSUS STATEMENT ON INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTIONS OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1738.3-1738
Author(s):  
F. Eymard ◽  
P. Ornetti ◽  
J. Maillet ◽  
E. Noel ◽  
P. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Symptomatic Knee

Background:There has been much debate regarding the use of intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as symptomatic treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The heterogeneity of the preparation and injection protocols limits the extrapolation of data from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.Objectives:The objective of this expert consensus was to develop the first clinical practice recommendations for PRP injections in knee osteoarthritis.Methods:Fifteen physicians (10 rheumatologists, 4 specialists in rehabilitation and sport medicine and 1 interventional radiologist) from different countries were selected given to their expertise in the fields of PRP and osteoarthritis. Twenty-five recommendations were finally retained after several meetings using the modified Delphi method to establish clinical consensus. All experts voted their agreement or not for each recommendation using a score between 1 (totally inappropriate) and 9 (totally appropriate). Depending on the median value and extreme scores, recommendations were judged as appropriated or unappropriated with a strong or relative agreement but could also be judged as uncertain due to indecision or absence of consensus.Results:The main recommendations are listed below:- Intra-articular injections of PRP constitute an efficient treatment of early or moderate symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Median = 8 [6-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular injections of PRP may be useful in severe knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV). Median = 7 [6-7] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular injections of PRP in knee osteoarthritis should be proposed as second-line therapy, after failure of non-pharmacological and pharmacological (oral and topic) symptomatic treatment. Median = 9 [5-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular injections of PRP should not be performed in osteoarthritis flare-up with significant effusion. Median = 7 [5-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular PRP treatment may include 1 to 3 consecutive injections. Median = 9 [7-9] – Appropriate. Strong agreement.- Leukocyte-poor PRP should be preferred for knee OA treatment. Median = 8 [5-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- PRP injections should be performed under ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance. Median = 8 [3-9] – Uncertain. No consensus.- PRP should not be mixed with injectable anesthetic or corticosteroid. Median = 9 [6-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.Conclusion:Twenty-five recommendations were discussed by an international multidisciplinary task force group in order to provide a basis for standardization of clinical practices and future research protocols.Disclosure of Interests:Florent Eymard Consultant of: Regenlab, Paul Ornetti: None declared, Jérémy Maillet Consultant of: Regenlab, Eric Noel Consultant of: Regenlab, Philippe Adam Consultant of: Regenlab, Virginie Legré Boyer Consultant of: Regenlab, Thierry Boyer Consultant of: Regenlab, Fadoua Allali: None declared, Vincent Grémeaux Bader: None declared, Jean-François Kaux: None declared, Karine Louati: None declared, Martin Lamontagne Consultant of: Pendopharm, Fabrice Michel: None declared, Pascal Richette: None declared, Hervé Bard Consultant of: Regenlab

scholarly journals Consumer Neuroscience Techniques in Advertising Research: A Bibliometric Citation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Juan Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda ◽  
Ana-Belén Bastidas-Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Consumer Neuroscience ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Analysis Tools

The limitations of self-report techniques (i.e., questionnaires or surveys) in measuring consumer response to advertising stimuli have necessitated more objective and accurate tools from the fields of neuroscience and psychology for the study of consumer behavior, resulting in the creation of consumer neuroscience. This recent marketing sub-field stems from a wide range of disciplines and applies multiple types of techniques to diverse advertising subdomains (e.g., advertising constructs, media elements, or prediction strategies). Due to its complex nature and continuous growth, this area of research calls for a clear understanding of its evolution, current scope, and potential domains in the field of advertising. Thus, this current research is among the first to apply a bibliometric approach to clarify the main research streams analyzing advertising persuasion using neuroimaging. Particularly, this paper combines a comprehensive review with performance analysis tools of 203 papers published between 1986 and 2019 in outlets indexed by the ISI Web of Science database. Our findings describe the research tools, journals, and themes that are worth considering in future research. The current study also provides an agenda for future research and therefore constitutes a starting point for advertising academics and professionals intending to use neuroimaging techniques.

scholarly journals Application of the Socio-Ecological System Framework to Forest Fire Risk Management: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Vigna ◽  
Angelo Besana ◽  
Elena Comino ◽  
Alessandro Pezzoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Starting Point

Although increasing concern about climate change has raised awareness of the fundamental role of forest ecosystems, forests are threatened by human-induced impacts worldwide. Among them, wildfire risk is clearly the result of the interaction between human activities, ecological domains, and climate. However, a clear understanding of these interactions is still needed both at the global and local levels. Numerous studies have proven the validity of the socioecological system (SES) approach in addressing this kind of interdisciplinary issue. Therefore, a systematic review of the existing literature on the application of SES frameworks to forest ecosystems is carried out, with a specific focus on wildfire risk management. The results demonstrate the existence of different methodological approaches that can be grouped into seven main categories, which range from qualitative analysis to quantitative spatially explicit investigations. The strengths and limitations of the approaches are discussed, with a specific reference to the geographical setting of the works. The research suggests the importance of local community involvement and local knowledge consideration in wildfire risk management. This review provides a starting point for future research on forest SES and a supporting tool for the development of a sustainable wildfire risk adaptation and mitigation strategy.

scholarly journals Enhancing Internet Search Abilities for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Theja K. Arachchi ◽  
Laurianne Sitbon ◽  
Jinglan Zhang ◽  
Ruwan Gamage ◽  
Priyantha Hewagamage
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Google Search

This article presents how young adults with intellectual disability (ID) from Sri Lanka, who had not previously used the Internet, interacted with Google search while enhancing their web search abilities throughout three web search workshops. Considering the little attention paid to the learning needs of people with ID in the current offering of web search learning tools, we iteratively developed a suite of learning tools to support our participants when they need help in the web search workshops. We employed an iterative participatory approach, with observations and semi-structured interviews, to reflect on how to design eLearning tools that enhance the participants’ interactions with web search. The qualitative thematic analysis resulted in five distinct themes on strategies to support, build on, and develop the abilities of young adults with IDs as they engage with Google search in their native language: application of existing abilities, basic skills to match learning needs, conceptual understanding, animations to facilitate visual memory, and promoting active engagement. These themes will be a starting point for understanding participants’ learning needs and behavior on web search, which would be important for future research on learning support as well as on software design.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Trend of Using Alginate, Gelatine, and Hydroxyapatite for Bone Tissue Regeneration Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saiful Firdaus Hussin ◽  
Aludin Mohd Serah ◽  
Khairul Azri Azlan ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah ◽  
Maizlinda Izwana Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Starting Point

Collecting information from previous investigations and expressing it in a scientometrics study can be a priceless guide to getting a complete overview of a specific research area. The aim of this study is to explore the interrelated connection between alginate, gelatine, and hydroxyapatite within the scope of bone tissue and scaffold. A review of traditional literature with data mining procedures using bibliometric analyses was considered to identify the evolution of the selected research area between 2009 and 2019. Bibliometric methods and knowledge visualization technologies were implemented to investigate diverse publications based on the following indicators: year of publication, document type, language, country, institution, author, journal, keyword, and number of citations. An analysis using a bibliometric study found that 7446 papers were located with the keywords “bone tissue” and “scaffold”, and 1767 (alginate), 185 (gelatine), 5658 (hydroxyapatite) papers with those specific sub keywords. The number of publications that relate to “tissue engineering” and bone more than doubled between 2009 (1352) and 2019 (2839). China, the United States and India are the most productive countries, while Sichuan University and the Chinese Academy of Science from China are the most important institutions related to bone tissue scaffold. Materials Science and Engineering C is the most productive journal, followed by the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. This paper is a starting point, providing the first bibliometric analysis study of bone tissue and scaffold considering alginate, gelatine and hydroxyapatite. A bibliometric analysis would greatly assist in giving a scientific insight to support desired future research work, not only associated with bone tissue engineering applications. It is expected that the analysis of alginate, gelatine and hydroxyapatite in terms of 3D bioprinting, clinical outcomes, scaffold architecture, and the regenerative medicine approach will enhance the research into bone tissue engineering in the near future. Continued studies into these research fields are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Stress and burnout in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) trainees: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Owen ◽  
Louise Crouch-Read ◽  
Matthew Smith ◽  
Paul Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Current State

Abstract For more than a decade, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) has been training a new workforce of psychological therapists. Despite evidence of stress and burnout both in trainee mental health professionals, and qualified IAPT clinicians, little is known about these topics in IAPT trainees. Consequently, this systematic review sought to establish the current state of the literature regarding stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. Electronic databases were searched to identify all published and available unpublished work relating to the topic. On the basis of pre-established eligibility criteria, eight studies (including six unpublished doctoral theses) were identified and assessed for quality. This review identifies that research into the experience of IAPT trainees is under-developed. Existing evidence tentatively suggests that IAPT trainees may experience levels of stress and burnout that are higher than their qualified peers and among the higher end of healthcare professionals more generally. The experience of fulfilling dual roles as mental health professionals and university students concurrently appears to be a significant source of stress for IAPT trainees. More research regarding the levels and sources of stress and burnout in IAPT trainees is urgently needed to confirm and extend these findings. Recommendations for future research in the area are given. Key learning aims (1) To establish the current state of the literature regarding stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. (2) To raise practitioner, service and education-provider awareness regarding the levels and perceived sources of stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. (3) To make recommendations regarding future research on the topic.

scholarly journals The Infinity Formulation: how transdiagnostic behaviours and endeavours for behavioural change serve to maintain co-morbid mental health presentations

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bennetts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Treatment recommendations for mental health are often founded on diagnosis-specific models; however, there are high rates of co-morbidity of mental health presentations and growing recognition of the presence of ‘transdiagnostic processes’ (cognitive, emotional or behavioural features) seen across a range of mental health presentations. This model proposes a novel conceptualisation of how transdiagnostic behaviours may maintain co-morbid mental health presentations by acting as a trigger event for the cognitive biases specific to each presentation. Drawing on existing evidence, psychological theory and the author’s clinical experience, the model organises complex presentations in a theory-driven yet accessible manner for use in clinical practice. The model offers both theoretical and clinical implications for the treatment of mental health presentations using cognitive behavioural approaches, positing that transdiagnostic behaviours be the primary treatment target in co-morbid presentations. Key learning aims (1) To understand the strengths and limitations of existing transdiagnostic CBT formulation models. (2) To learn about a novel, transdiagnostic and behaviourally focused formulation for use in clinical practice. (3) To understand how to use the tool in clinical practice and future research.

Automatic diagnosis of primary headaches by machine learning methods

Open Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Krawczyk ◽  
Dragan Simić ◽  
Svetlana Simić ◽  
Michał Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Headache Diagnosis

AbstractPrimary headaches are common disease of the modern society and it has high negative impact on the productivity and the life quality of the affected person. Unfortunately, the precise diagnosis of the headache type is hard and usually imprecise, thus methods of headache diagnosis are still the focus of intense research. The paper introduces the problem of the primary headache diagnosis and presents its current taxonomy. The considered problem is simplified into the three class classification task which is solved using advanced machine learning techniques. Experiments, carried out on the large dataset collected by authors, confirmed that computer decision support systems can achieve high recognition accuracy and therefore be a useful tool in an everyday physician practice. This is the starting point for the future research on automation of the primary headache diagnosis.

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