scholarly journals Steady-state responses in the somatosensory system interact with endogenous beta activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel J. Wälti ◽  
Marc Bächinger ◽  
Kathy L. Ruddy ◽  
Nicole Wenderoth
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Sensory Threshold ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Rhythmic Stimulation

AbstractBrain oscillations have been related to many aspects of human behavior. To understand a potential causal relationship, it is of great importance to develop methods for modulating ongoing neural activity. It has been shown that external rhythmic stimulation leads to an oscillatory brain response that follows the temporal structure of the presented stimulus and is assumed to reflect the synchronization of ongoing neural oscillations with the stimulation rhythm. This interaction between individual brain activity and so called steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs) is the fundamental requirement of neural entrainment. Here, we investigate whether neural responses to rhythmic vibrotactile stimulation, measured with EEG, are dependent on ongoing individual brain oscillations, and therefore reflect entrained oscillatory activity. For this, we measured phase synchronization in response to rhythmic stimulation across various frequencies in the alpha and beta band. Three different stimulation intensities were applied for each frequency relative to the individual sensory threshold. We found that a higher stimulation intensity, compared to lower intensities, resulted in a more pronounced phase synchronization with the stimulation signal. Moreover, EEG responses to low stimulation frequencies closer to individual beta peak frequencies revealed a higher degree of entrainment, compared to stimulation conditions with frequencies that were more distant to endogenous oscillations. Our findings provide evidence that the efficacy of vibrotactile rhythmic beta stimulation to evoke a SSEPs is dependent on ongoing brain oscillations.

scholarly journals Effects of beta- and gamma-band rhythmic stimulation on motor inhibition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Leunissen ◽  
Manon Van Steenkiste ◽  
Kirstin Heise ◽  
Thiago Santos Monteiro ◽  
Kyle Dunovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Voluntary movements are accompanied by an increase in gamma-band oscillatory activity (60-100Hz) and a strong desynchronization of beta-band activity (13-30Hz) in the motor system at both the cortical and subcortical level. Conversely, successful motor inhibition is associated with increased beta power in a fronto-basal-ganglia network. Intriguingly, gamma activity also increases in response to a stop-signal. In this study, we used transcranial alternating current stimulation to drive beta and gamma oscillations to investigate whether these frequencies are causally related to motor inhibition. We found that 20Hz stimulation targeted at the pre-supplementary motor area enhanced inhibition and increased beta oscillatory activity around the time of the stop-signal in trials directly following stimulation. In contrast, 70Hz stimulation seemed to slow down the braking process, and predominantly affected go task performance. These results demonstrate that the effects of tACS are state-dependent and that especially fronto-central beta activity is a functional marker for successful motor inhibition.

scholarly journals The separation of auditory experience and the temporal structure of MEG recorded brain activity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Allen
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

AbstractDo brain oscillations limit the temporal dynamics of experience? This pre-registered study used the separation of auditory stimuli to track perceptual experience and related this to oscillatory activity using magnetoencephalography. The rates at which auditory stimuli could be individuated matched the rates of oscillatory brain activity. Stimuli also entrained brain activity at the frequencies at which they were presented and a progression of high frequency gamma band events appeared to predict successful separation. These findings support a generalised function for brain oscillations, across frequency bands, in the alignment of activity to delineate representations.

scholarly journals Modality-specific frequency band activity during neural entrainment to auditory and visual rhythms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Comstock ◽  
Jessica M. Ross ◽  
Ramesh Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Visual Rhythm ◽  
Neural Entrainment ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractRhythm perception depends on the ability to predict the onset of rhythmic events. Previous studies indicate beta band modulation is involved in predicting the onset of auditory rhythmic events (Snyder & Large, 2005; Fujioka et al., 2009, 2012). We sought to determine if similar processes are recruited for prediction of visual rhythms by investigating whether beta band activity plays a role in a modality dependent manner for rhythm perception. We looked at source-level EEG time-frequency neural correlates of prediction using an omission paradigm with auditory and visual rhythms. By using omissions, we can separate out predictive timing activity from stimulus driven activity. We hypothesized that there would be modality specific markers of rhythm prediction in induced beta band oscillatory activity, characterized primarily by activation in the motor system specific to auditory rhythm processing. Our findings suggest the existence of overlapping networks of predictive beta activity based on common activation in the parietal and right frontal regions, auditory specific predictive beta in bilateral sensorimotor regions, and visually specific predictive beta in midline central, and bilateral temporal/parietal regions. We also found evidence for evoked predictive beta activity in the left sensorimotor region specific to auditory rhythms. These findings implicate modality dependent networks for auditory and visual rhythm perception. The results further suggest that auditory rhythm perception may have left hemispheric specific mechanisms.

scholarly journals Fine Temporal Structure of Beta Oscillations Synchronization in Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2707-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choongseok Park ◽  
Robert M. Worth ◽  
Leonid L. Rubchinsky
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics

Synchronous oscillatory dynamics in the beta frequency band is a characteristic feature of neuronal activity of basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease and is hypothesized to be related to the disease's hypokinetic symptoms. This study explores the temporal structure of this synchronization during episodes of oscillatory beta-band activity. Phase synchronization (phase locking) between extracellular units and local field potentials (LFPs) from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of parkinsonian patients is analyzed here at a high temporal resolution. We use methods of nonlinear dynamics theory to construct first-return maps for the phases of oscillations and quantify their dynamics. Synchronous episodes are interrupted by less synchronous episodes in an irregular yet structured manner. We estimate probabilities for different kinds of these “desynchronization events.” There is a dominance of relatively frequent yet very brief desynchronization events with the most likely desynchronization lasting for about one cycle of oscillations. The chances of longer desynchronization events decrease with their duration. The observed synchronization may primarily reflect the relationship between synaptic input to STN and somatic/axonal output from STN at rest. The intermittent, transient character of synchrony even on very short time scales may reflect the possibility for the basal ganglia to carry out some informational function even in the parkinsonian state. The dominance of short desynchronization events suggests that even though the synchronization in parkinsonian basal ganglia is fragile enough to be frequently destabilized, it has the ability to reestablish itself very quickly.

EEG correlates of cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of oscillatory activity and neural synchrony abnormalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Amidfar ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Background: A large body of evidence suggested that disruption of neural rhythms and synchronization of brain oscillations are correlated with variety of cognitive and perceptual processes. Cognitive deficits are common features of psychiatric disorders that complicate treatment of the motivational, affective and emotional symptoms. Objective: Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive functions will contribute to understanding of neural circuits controlling cognition, the causes of their perturbation in psychiatric disorders and developing novel targets for treatment of cognitive impairments. Methods: This review includes description of brain oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and autism. Results: The review clearly shows that the reviewed neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with fundamental changes in both spectral power and coherence of EEG oscillations. Conclusion: In this article we examined nature of brain oscillations, association of brain rhythms with cognitive functions and relationship between EEG oscillations and neuropsychiatric diseases. Accordingly, EEG oscillations can most likely be used as biomarkers in psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Sensory feedback-dependent coding of arm position in local field potentials of the posterior parietal cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul VanGilder ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Gregory Apker ◽  
Christopher A. Buneo
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
Multisensory Interactions ◽  
Spiking Activity

AbstractAlthough multisensory integration is crucial for sensorimotor function, it is unclear how visual and proprioceptive sensory cues are combined in the brain during motor behaviors. Here we characterized the effects of multisensory interactions on local field potential (LFP) activity obtained from the superior parietal lobule (SPL) as non-human primates performed a reaching task with either unimodal (proprioceptive) or bimodal (visual-proprioceptive) sensory feedback. Based on previous analyses of spiking activity, we hypothesized that evoked LFP responses would be tuned to arm location but would be suppressed on bimodal trials, relative to unimodal trials. We also expected to see a substantial number of recording sites with enhanced beta band spectral power for only one set of feedback conditions (e.g. unimodal or bimodal), as was previously observed for spiking activity. We found that evoked activity and beta band power were tuned to arm location at many individual sites, though this tuning often differed between unimodal and bimodal trials. Across the population, both evoked and beta activity were consistent with feedback-dependent tuning to arm location, while beta band activity also showed evidence of response suppression on bimodal trials. The results suggest that multisensory interactions can alter the tuning and gain of arm position-related LFP activity in the SPL.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the External Validity of EEG Spectral Power in an Uncontrolled Outdoor Environment during Default and Complex Neurocognitive States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Edwards ◽  
Logan T. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Eeg Spectral Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Human Participants

Traditionally, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) studies collect data within controlled laboratory environments that limit the external validity of scientific conclusions. To probe these validity limits, we used a mobile EEG system to record electrophysiological signals from human participants while they were located within a controlled laboratory environment and an uncontrolled outdoor environment exhibiting several moderate background influences. Participants performed two tasks during these recordings, one engaging brain activity related to several complex cognitive functions (number sense, attention, memory, executive function) and the other engaging two default brain states. We computed EEG spectral power over three frequency bands (theta: 4–7 Hz, alpha: 8–13 Hz, low beta: 14–20 Hz) where EEG oscillatory activity is known to correlate with the neurocognitive states engaged by these tasks. Null hypothesis significance testing yielded significant EEG power effects typical of the neurocognitive states engaged by each task, but only a beta-band power difference between the two background recording environments during the default brain state. Bayesian analysis showed that the remaining environment null effects were unlikely to reflect measurement insensitivities. This overall pattern of results supports the external validity of laboratory EEG power findings for complex and default neurocognitive states engaged within moderately uncontrolled environments.

scholarly journals Modifications in the Topological Structure of EEG Functional Connectivity Networks during Listening Tonal and Atonal Concert Music in Musicians and Non-Musicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Almudena González ◽  
Manuel Santapau ◽  
Antoni Gamundí ◽  
Ernesto Pereda ◽  
Julián J. González
Keyword(s):  
Topological Structure ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Small World ◽  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Concert Music

The present work aims to demonstrate the hypothesis that atonal music modifies the topological structure of electroencephalographic (EEG) connectivity networks in relation to tonal music. To this, EEG monopolar records were taken in musicians and non-musicians while listening to tonal, atonal, and pink noise sound excerpts. EEG functional connectivities (FC) among channels assessed by a phase synchronization index previously thresholded using surrogate data test were computed. Sound effects, on the topological structure of graph-based networks assembled with the EEG-FCs at different frequency-bands, were analyzed throughout graph metric and network-based statistic (NBS). Local and global efficiency normalized (vs. random-network) measurements (NLE|NGE) assessing network information exchanges were able to discriminate both music styles irrespective of groups and frequency-bands. During tonal audition, NLE and NGE values in the beta-band network get close to that of a small-world network, while during atonal and even more during noise its structure moved away from small-world. These effects were attributed to the different timbre characteristics (sounds spectral centroid and entropy) and different musical structure. Results from networks topographic maps for strength and NLE of the nodes, and for FC subnets obtained from the NBS, allowed discriminating the musical styles and verifying the different strength, NLE, and FC of musicians compared to non-musicians.

scholarly journals Auditory Steady-State Responses During And After A Stimulus: Cortical Sources, and the Influence of Attention and Musicality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia Low Manting ◽  
Balazs Gulyas ◽  
Fredrik Ullén ◽  
Daniel Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Stimulus Properties ◽  
Cortical Sources ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Auditory Cortices ◽  
Auditory Steady State Responses

AbstractThe auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is an oscillatory brain response generated by periodic auditory stimuli and originates mainly from the temporal auditory cortices. Recent data show that while the auditory cortices are indeed strongly activated by the stimulus when it is present (ON ASSR), the anatomical distribution of ASSR sources involves also parietal and frontal cortices, indicating that the ASSR is a more complex phenomenon than previously believed. Furthermore, while the ASSR typically continues to oscillate even after the stimulus has stopped (OFF ASSR), very little is known about the characteristics of the OFF ASSR and how it compares to the ON ASSR. Here, we assessed whether the OFF and ON ASSR powers are modulated by the stimulus properties (i.e. volume and pitch), selective attention, as well as individual musical sophistication. We also investigated the cortical source distribution of the OFF ASSR using a melody tracking task, in which attention was directed between uniquely amplitude-modulated melody streams that differed in pitch. The ON and OFF ASSRs were recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) on a group of participants varying from low to high degree of musical sophistication. Our results show that the OFF ASSR is distinctly different from the ON ASSR in nearly every aspect. While the ON ASSR was modulated by the stimulus properties and selective attention, the OFF ASSR was not influenced by any of these factors. Furthermore, while the ON ASSR was generated primarily from temporal sources, the OFF ASSR originated mainly from the frontal cortex. These findings challenge the notion that the OFF ASSR is merely a continuation of the ON ASSR. Rather, they suggest that the OFF ASSR is an internally-driven signal that develops from an initial sensory processing state (ON ASSR), with both types of ASSRs clearly differing in cortical representation and character. Furthermore, our results show that the ON ASSR power was enhanced by selective attention at cortical sources within each of the bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal and insular lobes. Finally, the ON ASSR proved sensitive to musicality, demonstrating positive correlations between musical sophistication and ASSR power, as well as with the degree of attentional ASSR modulation at the left and right parietal cortices. Taken together, these results show new aspects of the ASSR response, and demonstrate its usefulness as an effective tool for analysing how selective attention interacts with individual abilities in music perception.

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