scholarly journals Movement behavioral plasticity of benthic diatoms driven by optimal foraging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Si Hu ◽  
Mingji Huang ◽  
H. P. Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Wim Vyverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Langevin Model ◽  
Living Organisms

ABSTRACTAdaptive locomotion of living organisms contributes to their competitive abilities and helps maintain their fitness in diverse environments. To date, however, our understanding of searching behavior and its ultimate cause remains poorly understood in ecology and biology. Here, we investigate motion patterns of biofilm-inhabiting marine raphid diatom Navicula arenaria var. rostellata in two-dimensional space. We report that individual Navicula cells display a “circular run-and-reversal” movement behavior at different concentrations of dissolved silicic acid (dSi). We show that gliding motions of cells can be predicted accurately with a universal Langevin model. Our experimental results are consistent with an optimal foraging strategy and a maximized diffusivity of the theoretical outcomes in which both circular-run and reversal behaviors are important ingredients. Our theoretical results suggest that the evolving movement behaviors of diatoms may be driven by optimization of searching behavioral strategy, and predicted behavioral parameters coincide with the experimental observations. These optimized movement behaviors are an evolutionarily stable strategy to cope with environmental complexity.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYNovel experiments and modelling reveal that raphid diatoms can actively exploit resources in complex environments by adjusting their movement behavior.

scholarly journals Be different to be better: the effect of personality on optimal foraging with incomplete knowledge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poppy M. Jeffries ◽  
Samantha C. Patrick ◽  
Jonathan R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Modelling Approach

AbstractMany animal populations include a diversity of personalities, and these personalities are often linked to foraging strategy. However, it is not always clear why populations should evolve to have this diversity. Indeed, optimal foraging theory typically seeks out a single optimal strategy for individuals in a population. So why do we, in fact, see a variety of strategies existing in a single population? Here, we aim to provide insight into this conundrum by modelling the particular case of foraging seabirds, that forage on patchy prey. These seabirds have only partial knowledge of their environment: they do not know exactly where the next patch will emerge, but they may have some understanding of which locations are more likely to lead to patch emergence than others. Many existing optimal foraging studies assume either complete knowledge (e.g. Marginal Value Theorem) or no knowledge (e.g. Lévy Flight Hypothesis), but here we construct a new modelling approach which incorporates partial knowledge. In our model, different foraging strategies are favoured by different birds along the bold-shy personality continuum, so we can assess the optimality of a personality type. We show that it is optimal to be shy (resp. bold) when living in a population of bold (resp. shy) birds. This observation gives a plausible mechanism behind the emergence of diverse personalities. We also show that environmental degradation is likely to favour shyer birds and cause a decrease in diversity of personality over time.

scholarly journals Risk assessment and the use of novel shortcuts in spatial detouring tasks in jumping spiders

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Aguilar-Argüello ◽  
Daniel Gerhard ◽  
Ximena J Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
Efficient Route

AbstractSelection on individuals that incorporate risk to quickly and accurately make a priori navigational assessments may lead to increased spatial ability. Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) are characterized by their highly acute vision, which mediates many behaviors, including prey capture and navigation. When moving to a specific goal (prey, nest, a potential mate, etc.), salticids rely on visual cues and spatial memory to orient in 3-dimensional space. Salticid spatial ability has been studied in homing and detour tasks, with Portia being considered one of the most skillful genera in terms of spatial ability in the family. Commonly living in complex environments, salticids are likely to encounter a wide variety of routes that could lead to a goal, and, as selection favors individuals that can accurately make assessments, they may be able to assess alternative route distances to select the most efficient route. Here, we tested whether 2 salticid species (Portia fimbriata and Trite planiceps) can discriminate and assess between different available routes by their length, and riskiness to escape from a stressful scenario. Results suggest that while Portia is more likely to choose the easiest and shortest escape routes, Trite is faster in both decision making about which route to take, and to escape. However, some individuals were able to use novel shortcuts instead of the routes expected, with Portia containing a higher proportion of shortcut-takers than Trite. These differences in spatial ability seem to correspond with the environmental complexity inhabited by each species.

scholarly journals Saccadic Momentum and Facilitation of Return Saccades Contribute to an Optimal Foraging Strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e1002871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Wilming ◽  
Simon Harst ◽  
Nico Schmidt ◽  
Peter König
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Optimal Foraging Strategy ◽  
Saccadic Momentum

The Pigeon's Discrimination of Movement Patterns (Lissajous Figures) and Contour-Dependent Rotational Invariance

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacky Emmerton
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Rotational Invariance ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Complex Motion ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Lissajous Figures ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Do So

The ability of pigeons to discriminate complex motion patterns was investigated with the aid of moving Lissajous figures. The pigeons successfully learned to differentiate two successively presented cyclic trajectories of a single moving dot. This suggests that they can recognize a movement Gestalt when information about shape is minimal. They also quickly learned a new discrimination between moving-outline stimuli with repetitively changing contour patterns. Contrasting results were obtained when the dot or outline stimuli were axis-rotated through 90°. Rotational invariance of pattern discrimination was clearly demonstrated only when moving contours were visible. Nevertheless, pigeons could discriminate the axis-orientation of a moving-dot or moving-outline pattern when trained to do so. Discrimination did not seem to depend on single parameters of motion but rather on the recognition of a temporally integrated movement Gestalt. The visual system of pigeons, as well as that of humans, may be well adapted to recognize the types of oscillatory movements that represent components of the motor behaviour shown by many living organisms.

scholarly journals Movement behavioral plasticity of benthic diatoms driven by optimal foraging

Authorea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
We Si Hu ◽  
Mingji Huang ◽  
He Peng Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Wim Vyverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Benthic Diatoms

The optimal foraging strategy of its stickleback host constrains a parasite's complex life cycle

Behaviour ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 979-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Milinski ◽  
Mira Christen
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Small Copepod ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Optimal Foraging Strategy ◽  
Second Intermediate Host

AbstractThe cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus' growth is limited by the size of its second intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. S. solidus should thus prefer a large stickleback as host. Since the stickleback is a predator of the parasite's previous intermediate host, a small copepod, the stickleback that consumes the infected copepod will probably be of a size for which this copepod has the optimal prey size. The optimal foraging decision of the stickleback may or may not be compatible with the parasite's preference. Infected copepods are present in early summer when both many size classes of young of the year and adult sticklebacks are potential predators. We offered laboratory bred three-spined sticklebacks of four size classes individually the choice among five prey types: two size classes of copepods, two classes of Daphnia of corresponding size as alternative prey and a third Daphnia size class that was larger than the larger copepod. We found that small copepods, the potential hosts of S. solidus, were most accepted by the smallest sticklebacks of about 1.5 cm of length, larger fish consumed a decreasing proportion; fish larger than 3.8 cm did not consume them at all. Experience with copepods over several weeks increased the acceptance for this prey to some extend but hardly in the largest fish. This suggests that S. solidus will end up usually in sticklebacks that are too small for the parasite so that it has to allow its host's further growth after infection to reach its definitive size.

Influence of behavioral plasticity and foraging strategy on starvation tolerance of planktonic copepods

2019 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wejlemann Holm ◽  
Rocío Rodríguez-Torres ◽  
Benni Winding Hansen ◽  
Rodrigo Almeda
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Starvation Tolerance ◽  
Planktonic Copepods
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