scholarly journals The succession pattern of bacterial diversity in compost using pig manure mixed with wood chips analyzed by 16S rRNA gene analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengfeng Li ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Yuzhen Xia ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

AbstractThe pig manure mixed with wood chips and formed compost by means of fermentation. We found that the protease activity, organic matter content and ammonium nitrogen concentration were higher in the early stage of composting. Meanwhile, the urease activity was highest in the high temperature period. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the compost decreased continuously with fermentation. The dynamic change in the composition of bacterial overtime in the compost of a 180 kg piles were explored using microbial diversity analysis. The results showed that the microbial species increased with the compost fermentation. At the early stage of composting, the phyla of Firmicutes and Actinomycetes were dominant. The microbes in the high temperature period were mainly composed of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria while the proportion of Bacteroides was increased during the cooling period. In the compost of maturity stage, the proportion of Chloroflexi increased, becoming dominant species with other microorganisms including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Chloroflexi but not Actinomycetes. Bacteria involved in lignocellulose degradation, such as those of the Thermobifida, Cellvibrio, Mycobacterium, Streptomyces and Rhodococcus, were concentrated in the maturity stages of composting. Through correlation analysis, the environmental factors including organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and temperature were consistent with the succession of microbial including Rhodocyclaceae, Anaerolineaceae, Thiopseudomonas, Sinibacillus and Tepidimicrobium. The change of urease activity and carbon to nitrogen ratio corresponded to microbial communities, mainly containing Anaerolineaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Luteimoas, Bacillaceae, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Anaerococcus, Lactobacillus, Ignatzschineria, and Bacillaceae.

Nitrogen Transformation during Pig Manure Composting at Low Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1226-1231
Author(s):  
Shu Qin Li ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Jing Gang Xu ◽  
Dong Yin Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Unknown Form

Discharge of animal manure without treatment not only pollutes environment but also influences people health. It also hinders further development of livestock industry. Composting animal manure is one of the solutions to this problem, in which content and morphous of nitrogen play important roles that affect the compost quality. Therefore it has great meaning to study nitrogen transformation during the pig manure composting, especially at low temperature which reduces composting turnover rate. In this study, pig manure was collected as compost material. Maize stover was chosen as attendant agent. Three kinds of microbial agents (A, B, C) were inoculated into the manure to start composting at 6°C. Contrast test was performed without microbial innoculant added. Acid nitrogen and non-acid nitrogen were included in total nitrogen in the composting process. Furthermore, Amide nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and other unknown form acid nitrogen were included in acid nitrogen. Total nitrogen (TN) content decreased rapidly with microbial agents (A, B, C) added during the early 6d of the composting. TN content was the lowest at the stage of high temperature (6-12d) and increased quickly between 12-18d, and it became stable after 18d. Dynamics of acid nitrogen content was the same as that of TN content. Non-acid nitrogen content varied as same as the nitrogen content in contrast test. These indicated that composting microorganisms could not utilize non-acid nitrogen, so the change of TN was due to the variation of acid nitrogen. In the early stage of composting (0-6d), contents of both amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen decreased rapidly. Moreover, ammonium nitrogen content increased quickly. It suggested that amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen transformed into ammonium nitrogen. The decrease of acid nitrogen and TN contents were resulted from the evaporation at high temperature. In the stage of high temperature (6-12d), microorganisms grew quickly so that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased rapidly, which were ingredients of microorganisms. Other form nitrogen changed a little. In the stage of maturity (12-18d), contents of amide nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen decreased rapidly, while the content of unknown form acid nitrogen increased quickly. Content of amino acid nitrogen grew slowly, which suggested that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen changed into unknown form acid nitrogen as well as amino acid nitrogen. As temperature decreased, contents of unknown form acid nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of other form nitrogen decreased after 18d. The amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen contents decreased quickly at the former stage of the composting but slowly later. Content of ammonium nitrogen decreased significantly over the composting process.

Terrigenous Organic Matter in Sediments of the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Saguenay Fjord

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pocklington ◽  
J. D. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Lower Estuary ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Terrigenous Organic Matter ◽  
Saguenay Fjord ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

The proportion of land-derived organic matter in sediments of the upper St. Lawrence Estuary is unexpectedly low. In the Saguenay Fjord and the lower estuary, high organic carbon to nitrogen ratios and the presence of lignin indicate a substantial contribution of organic matter from terrestrial sources. The proportion of terrigenous organic matter decreases rapidly thereafter, approaching levels typical of marine sediments in the open Gulf. Key words: Organic matter, sediments, carbon to nitrogen ratio, lignin, St. Lawrence Estuary, Saguenay Fjord

Soil organic matter is stabilized by organo-mineral associations through two key processes: The role of the carbon to nitrogen ratio

Geoderma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 113974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Carmen Hoeschen ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
Neal W. Menzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Mineral Associations ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

scholarly journals Effects of carbon to nitrogen ratio on the performance and stability of aerobic granular sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HyunGu Kim ◽  
JiTae Kim ◽  
DaeHee Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient salts removal efficiency and stability of the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by change in C/N (carbon to nitrogen) ratio. The laboratory-scale experiments were performed to analyze the removal efficiencies for organic matter and contents of nitrogen, MLSS, sludge volume index, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under C/N ratio conditions of 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0. The microorganisms were observed using optical microscope and the microbial communities were analyzed using pyrosequencing. The increase in C/N ratio from 5.0 to 20.0 increased the organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency to 95.9 and 79.1%, respectively. For the EPS contents, an influencing factor of granule stability, the polysaccharides to protein (PS/PN) ratio increased from 0.55 to 0.79. For the microbial community, the <i>Thauera</i> was the most common genus in ending phase occupying 63.7%. This microorganism is regarded as one contributing to organic matter degradation and improved production of EPS including AGS of microorganism, thus, may be an explanation of the results of this study such as increase in organic material in AGS and improvement of denitrification efficiency and contents of EPS with increase in C/N ratio.

Nitrogen transformations and ammonia volatilization losses from 15N-urea as affected by the co-application of composted pig manure

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Jung Choi ◽  
Scott X Chang ◽  
Jin-Hyeob Kwak ◽  
Jae-Woon Jung ◽  
Sang-Sun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
15N Urea

Co-application of composted manure (compost) and urea is considered an environment-friendly fertilization practice; however, the high urease activity in compost may stimulate NH3 volatilization and cause N loss from co-applied urea. To test the above hypothesis, we investigated the fate of urea co-applied with compost in a loam-textured soil through two laboratory incubation experiments. Urea (150 mg N kg-1) was co-applied with 0, 4.9, 9.8, and 14.6 g of compost (oven-dry basis) kg-1 of soil, designated as treatments UC0, UC1, UC2, and UC3, respectively. Co-application of compost and urea enhanced urea hydrolysis and increased the 1st order rate constant of urea hydrolysis from 0.047 h-1 in the UC0 to 0.139 h-1 in the UC3 treatments. Soil pH increased from 7.0 for UC0 to 7.6 for UC3, leading to greater NH3 volatilization (up to two times more) in the soils receiving 9.8 g kg-1 or more of compost. Compost co-application also increased the immobilization of urea-derived N, probably because the organic matter added in compost stimulated microbial growth or NH4+ fixation. Between 15 and 17% of urea-N was not recovered at the end of the incubation, but there was no difference in N loss among the treatments resulting from the contrasting effects (NH3 volatilization vs. NH4+ immobilization) of compost on N losses. Our results clearly show that application of compost with high urease activity increases NH3 volatilization loss of N from the co-applied urea, but the total amount of N lost is also affected by immobilization of NH4+ by the organic matter added to the soil through the applied compost. Key words: Ammonia volatilization, nitrogen dynamics, nitrogen-15 recovery, organic carbon, urease activity

scholarly journals Evaluation of Properties and Elements in the Surface of Acidic Soil in the Central Region of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patarapong Kroeksakul ◽  
Arin Ngamniyom ◽  
Kun Silprasit ◽  
Sakawjai Tepamongkol ◽  
Punnada Teerapanaprinya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Central Thailand

The study aimed to evaluate and correlate acidic soil components to understand the phenomena of this type of soil. The soil samples were collected from 64 locations in 3 provinces of central Thailand and were tested for soil pH, element content, soil organic matter (SOM), and soil organic carbon (SOC). The results show that soil acidity in central Thailand has an average pH of 4.71 ± 0.87. The soil acidity level ranges from very strongly acidic in Phatum Thani and Nakhon Nayok provinces to strongly acidic in Chachoengsao province. Soil bulk density is about 0.34 g/cm3, and the correlation of soil pH to lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), nitrogen (N), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), and zinc (Zn) is as follows: principle component 1 (PC1) is carbon-to-nitrogen ratio > pH > zinc (C/N ratio > pH > Zn), and principle component 2 (PC2) is soil organic carbon > bulk density > soil organic matter (SOC > BD > SOM). Soil pH, SOM, and SOC are in similar groups. The soil abundance at the study site was compared with the ideal soil for plants, and heavy metal contamination in the acidic soil of the central region did not exceed the standard limit. The study found a correlation between SOM and SOM (r = 0.715; p < 0.01), indicating soil quality and microbial activity.

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