scholarly journals Chromosome level draft genomes of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Tianming Lan ◽  
Dongming Fang ◽  
Furong Gui ◽  
Hongli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Male Genome ◽  
Genome Features ◽  
Rice Strain

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a severely destructive pest native to the Americas, but has now become an alien invasive pest in China, and causes significant economic loss. Therefore, in order to make effective management strategies, it is highly essential to understand genomic architecture and its genetic background. In this study, we assembled two chromosome scale genomes of the fall armyworm, representing one male and one female individual procured from Yunnan province of China. The genome sizes were identified as 542.42 Mb with N50 of 14.16 Mb, and 530.77 Mb with N50 of 14.89 Mb for the male and female FAW, respectively. We predicted about 22,201 genes in the male genome. We found the expansion of cytochrome P450 and glutathione s-transferase gene families, which are functionally related to the intensified detoxification and pesticides tolerance. Further population analyses of corn strain (C strain) and rice strain (R strain) revealed that the Chinese fall armyworm was most likely invaded from Africa. These strain information, genome features and possible invasion source described in this study will be extremely important for making effective strategies to manage the fall armyworms.

scholarly journals Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Yousaf ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Mariyam Masood ◽  
Kazam Ali ◽  
Nazia Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Rice Strain

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NCBI GenBank Accession Nos. MW241537, MW241538, MW349515, MW349516, MW349493 and MW349494) revealed that genetically it is more than 99% identical to S. frugiperda. The phylogenetic analysis indicated it as the rice-strain (R-strain). Both 3′- and 5′-fragment tree topologies showed that the collected samples of the FAW species belong to the R-strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular evidence for the existence of R-strain of S. frugiperda that was found feeding on maize crop in Sindh, Pakistan, using COI gene sequences as a marker.

scholarly journals First report of Telenomus remus parasitizing Spodoptera frugiperda and its field parasitism in southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Lin Liao ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Miao-Feng Xu ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
De-Sen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Telenomus Remus

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a lepidopteran pest that feeds on many economically important cereal crops such as corn, rice, sorghum, and sugarcane. Native to the Americas, it has become a serious invasive pest in Africa and Asia. Recently, this pest was found in China and has spread quickly across the country. As S. frugiperda will most likely become a major pest in China, Integrated Pest Management strategies, including biological control methods, should be developed to manage its populations. Here, we report the detection of Telenomus remus parasitizing S. frugiperda eggs in cornfields in southern China based on morphological and molecular evidence. Our preliminary surveys indicated that the parasitism rates of T. remus on S. frugiperda could reach 30% and 50% for egg masses and per egg mass, respectively. Further application of T. remus against S. frugiperda in biological control programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A recent threat and future management strategy in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
S. Gahatraj ◽  
S. Tiwari ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
L. Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Field

Abstract. Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive pest of maize including other cultivated crops such as rice, wheat, and many other vegetables. This invasive species was initially noticed in North-America and later reported in many countries of Africa in early 2016. In South Asia, this has been reported for the first time in India followed by Srilanka in 2018 and Bangladesh, China, Taiwan and Nepal in 2019. It is polyphagous in nature and damage has been reported in more than 80 plant species. The loss has to lead up to 50-80% in maize in severe situation. FAW is a distant flyer and can fly more than 100 km in a night and spread well in crop fields. As this pest is already invasive in many states of India and the likelihood of entry and spreading in Nepal is higher because of the open border between the countries and flexible government quarantine policy. The great socio-economic loss has been forecasted once this pest has received invasive status in Nepal. Recently, this crop has been confirmed by Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) in Gaidakot area of Nawalpur district, Nepal and has been noticed in almost all parts of Nepal such as Sidhuli, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Tanahun and Rupendehi districts. However, this information has not been endorsed by Nepal Plant Protection Office (NPPO), an official invasive species endorsing organization in Nepal. This species is spreading rapidly in maize growing areas and significant losses have been reported in maize crop by the farmers. The regular scouting, surveillance, and monitoring can be suggested to evaluate the pest status in the crop field. Habitat manipulation with the deployment of deterring crops ‘push’ such as desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) and pest-attracting crop ‘pull’ such as Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) and Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare sudanense) is suggested in a ‘push-pull strategy’, the most popular and successful method of FAW management in the maize field. Field sanitation, and conserving pest’s natural enemies are other integrated approaches. However, in a commercial maize field, a group of ‘soft’ and selective chemicals have been suggested for immediate control of this pest. This review compiled the recent informations available on FAW and is useful for farmers, researchers and policy makers to draw a roadmap for the future FAW management in Nepal.

scholarly journals Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame ◽  
Boaz Musyoka ◽  
Julius Obonyo ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The interactions among insect communities influence the composition of pest complexes that attack crops and, in parallel, their natural enemies, which regulate their abundance. The lepidopteran stemborers have been the major maize pests in Kenya. Their population has been regulated by natural enemies, mostly parasitoids, some of which have been used for biological control. It is not known how a new exotic invasive species, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), may affect the abundance and parasitism of the resident stemborers. For this reason, pest and parasitism surveys have been conducted, before and after the FAW invaded Kenya, in maize fields in 40 localities across 6 agroecological zones (AEZs) during the maize-growing season, as well as at 3 different plant growth stages (pre-tasseling, reproductive, and senescence stages) in 2 elevations at mid-altitude, where all maize stemborer species used to occur together. Results indicated that the introduction of the FAW significantly correlated with the reduction of the abundance of the resident communities of maize stemborers and parasitoids in maize fields; moreover, the decrease of stemborer density after the arrival of FAW occurred mostly at both reproductive and senescent maize stages. It also suggests a possible displacement of stemborers by FAW elsewhere; for example, to other cereals. However, since this study was conducted only three years after the introduction of the FAW, further studies will need to be conducted to confirm such displacements.

Revisiting the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a new invasive pest in South China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan‐Ji Jiang ◽  
Bao‐Tong Mo ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
South China ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF THREE LARVAL PREDATORS AGAINST FALL ARMYWORM SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) UNDER THE LABORATORY CONDITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Moses Otuba ◽  
Jumrae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orius Strigicollis ◽  
Set Up

Most cereal crops are often damaged by lepidopterous insects. Of recent, fall armyworm, S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has resulted into yield and economic loss in many African and Asian countries. This reduces farmers’ income drastically and to overcome this damage, pesticides have been used which are not also environmentally friendly. Experiments were set up to collect data on the potential of three larval predators Orius strigicollis, Micromus angulatus, and Podisus maculiventris against S. frugiperda. The consumption of S. frugiperda larvae by three predators had highly significant effects (P≤0.05) on first, fourth, and sixth instars. No significant difference was reported between M. angulatus and O. strigicollis on second, third and fifth larval instars of S. frugiperda. O. strigicollis consumed more first larval instar (6.2±0.71) of S. frugiperda than M. angulatus (4.9±1.07) and P. maculiventris (4.2±0.74). However, P. maculiventris consumed more second to sixth larval instars of S. frugiperda than other two predators (O. strigicollis and M. angulatus). The predator P. maculiventris is recommended for controlling S. frugiperda in their second to sixth larval instars while O. strigicollis in the first larval instar. It can be also concluded that fourth larval instars of S. frugiperda is more suitable for its control using predator P. maculiventris as compared to other larval instars. This study therefore recommends predator Podisus maculiventris to be used in control of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelita Phambala ◽  
Yolice Tembo ◽  
Trust Kasambala ◽  
Vernon H. Kabambe ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Foliar Damage

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of this exotic pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In order to optimize the use of botanical extracts for FAW control, we initially screened ten commonly used plant species. In laboratory trials, contact toxicity and feeding bioassays showed differential effects. Some plant species had little to no effect when compared to untreated controls; thus, only the five most promising plant species were selected for more detailed study. In contact toxicity tests, the highest larval mortality was obtained from Nicotiana tabacum (66%) and Lippia javanica (66%). Similarly, in a feeding bioassay L. javanica (62%) and N. tabacum (60%) exhibited high larval mortality at the highest concentration evaluated (10% w/v). Feeding deterrence was evaluated using glass-fibre discs treated with plant extracts, which showed that Cymbopogon citratus (36%) and Azadirachta indica (20%) were the most potent feeding deterrents among the pesticidal plants evaluated. In a screenhouse experiment where living maize plants infested with fall armyworm larvae were treated with plant extracts, N. tabacum and L. javanica were the most potent species at reducing foliar damage compared to the untreated control whilst the synthetic pesticide chlorpyrifos was the most effective in reducing fall armyworm foliar damage. Further field trial evaluation is recommended, particularly involving smallholder maize fields to assess effectiveness across a range of contexts.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of essential oils in controlling fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Negrini ◽  
Elisangela Gomes Fidelis ◽  
Daniel Augusto Schurt ◽  
Francisco dos Santos Silva ◽  
Rosely Souza Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Implementation Management

ABSTRACT: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests in maize crop with developing resistance to chemical products and Bt technology. Therefore, alternative control methods such as essential oils are important steps in the implementation management strategies for this pest. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of essential oils (EOs) of Corymbia citriodora, Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae), Lippia microphylla (Verbenaceae) and Piper umbelattum (Piperaceae) in controlling S. frugiperda. The OEs were extracted and mortality tests were conducted with topic and volatile applications, in 30 second-instar caterpillars originated from insect rearing and artificial diet. As a control, we conducted tests with distilled water and acetone. EOs that provided mortality rates above 80% were submitted to chemical analysis for constituent identification. The efficient EOs were only those of C. citriodora and L. microphylla. For EO of C. citriodora, the LD80 was 7.06 ± 0.73 mg.g-1 in topical application and 5.85 ± 0.75 µL via volatile application. On the other hand, for EO of L. microphylla, DL80 was 9.95 ± 1.25 mg.g-1 in topical application and 18.56 ± 3.55 µL via volatile application. Chemical analysis showed that the main constituents were citronella for the EO of C. citriodora and (E)-caryophyllene and (E)-nerolidol to the EO of L. microphylla. EOs of C. citriodora and L. microphylla are promising for controlling S. frugiperda, with emphasis on the volatile effect of C. citriodora oil.

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