scholarly journals Estimating abundance with interruptions in data collection using open population spatial capture-recapture models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Milleret ◽  
Pierre Dupont ◽  
Joseph Chipperfield ◽  
Daniel Turek ◽  
Henrik Brøseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
List Type ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Capture Recapture

AbstractThe estimation of population size remains one of the primary goals and challenges in ecology and provides a basis for debate and policy in wildlife management. Despite the development of efficient non-invasive sampling methods and robust statistical tools to estimate abundance, maintenance of field sampling is still subject to economic and logistic constraints. These can result in intentional or unintentional interruptions in sampling and cause gaps in data time series, posing a challenge to abundance estimation, and ultimately conservation and management decisions.We applied an open population spatial capture-recapture (OPSCR) model to simulations and a real case study to test the reliability of abundance inferences models to interruption in data collection. Using individual detections occurring over consecutive sampling occasions, OPSCR models allow the estimation of abundance from individual detection data while accounting for lack of demographic and geographic closure between occasions. First, we simulated sampling data with interruptions in field sampling of different lengths and timing. We checked the performance of an OPSCR model in deriving abundance for species with slow and intermediate life history strategies. Finally, we introduced artificial sampling interruptions of various magnitudes and timing to a five-year non-invasive monitoring data set of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Norway and quantified the consequences for OPSCR model predictions.Inferences from OPSCR models were reliable even with temporal interruptions in monitoring. Interruption did not cause any systematic bias, but increased uncertainty. Interruptions occurring at occasions towards the beginning and the end of the sampling caused higher uncertainty. The loss in precision was more severe for species with a faster life history strategy.We provide a reliable framework to estimate abundance even in the presence of sampling interruptions. OPSCR allows monitoring studies to provide contiguous abundance estimates to managers, stakeholders, and policy makers even when data are non-contiguous. OPSCR models do not only help cope with unintentional interruptions during sampling but also offer opportunities for using intentional sampling interruptions during the design of cost-effective population surveys.

scholarly journals Estimating abundance with interruptions in data collection using open population spatial capture–recapture models

Ecosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Milleret ◽  
Pierre Dupont ◽  
Joseph Chipperfield ◽  
Daniel Turek ◽  
Henrik Brøseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Capture Recapture

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Non-Invasive Indoor Thermal Discomfort Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Marchenko ◽  
Alenka Temeljotov-Salaj
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Non Invasive

Since 1997, scientists have been trying to utilize new non-invasive approaches for thermal discomfort detection, which promise to be more effective for comparing frameworks that need direct responses from users. Due to rapid technological development in the bio-metrical field, a systematic literature review to investigate the possibility of thermal discomfort detection at the work place by non-invasive means using bio-sensing technology was performed. Firstly, the problem intervention comparison outcome context (PICOC) framework was introduced in the study to identify the main points for meta-analysis and, in turn, to provide relevant keywords for the literature search. In total, 2776 studies were found and processed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology. After filtering by defined criterion, 35 articles were obtained for detailed investigation with respect to facility types used in the experiment, amount of people for data collection and algorithms used for prediction of the thermal discomfort event. The given study concludes that there is potential for the creation of non-invasive thermal discomfort detection models via utilization of bio-sensing technologies, which will provide a better user interaction with the built environment, potentially decrease energy use and enable better productivity. There is definitely room for improvement within the field of non-invasive thermal discomfort detection, especially with respect to data collection, algorithm implementation and sample size, in order to have opportunities for the deployment of developed solutions in real life. Based on the literature review, the potential of novel technology is seen to utilize a more intelligent approach for performing non-invasive thermal discomfort prediction. The architecture of deep neural networks should be studied more due to the specifics of its hidden layers and its ability of hierarchical data extraction. This machine learning algorithm can provide a better model for thermal discomfort detection based on a data set with different types of bio-metrical variables.

scholarly journals Population position along the fast-slow life-history continuum predicts intraspecific variation in actuarial senescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cayuela ◽  
Jean-François Lemaître ◽  
Eric Bonnaire ◽  
Julian Pichenot ◽  
Benedikt R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Bombina Variegata ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Capture Recapture

AbstractPatterns of actuarial senescence can be highly variable among species. Previous comparative analyses revealed that both age at the onset of senescence and rates of senescence are linked to the species’ position along the fast-slow life-history continuum. As there are few long-term datasets of wild populations with known-age individuals, intraspecific (i.e. between-population) variation in senescence is understudied and limited to comparisons of wild and captive populations of the same species, mostly birds and mammals. In this paper, we examined how population position along the fast-slow life history continuum affects senescence patterns in an amphibian, Bombina variegata. We used capture-recapture data collected in four populations with contrasted life history strategies. Senescence trajectories were drawn using Bayesian capture-recapture models. We show that in “slow” populations the onset of senescence was earlier and individuals aged at a faster rate than individuals in “fast” populations. Our study provides one of the few empirical examples of between-population variation in senescence patterns in the wild and confirms that the fast-slow life history gradient is associated with both macroevolutionary and microevolutionary patterns of senescence.

scholarly journals Instrumented individuals are not representative of the population. Survival of wolverines with and without GPS collars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Milleret ◽  
Richard Bischof ◽  
Pierre Dupont ◽  
Henrik Brøseth ◽  
John Odden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Population Survival ◽  
Using Data

AbstractResults from biologging studies are often scaled up to population-level inferences and this begs the question: Are instrumented animals representative of the population given the potential bias in individual selectivity, the influence of capture, handling and wearing bio-loggers? The answer is elusive due to the challenges of obtaining comparable data from individuals without bio-loggers. Using non-invasive genetic data of a large carnivore, the wolverine (Gulo gulo) in Scandinavia, and an open-population spatial capture-recapture model, we were able to estimate and compare survival rates of individuals fitted with GPS collars versus individuals that had never been captured and collared. We found that mortality of GPS collared individuals was 47% lower compared to individuals without GPS collars. While instrumented and non-instrumented wolverines had similar risks of dying from legal culling, GPS collared individuals displayed lower mortality rates due to causes other than legal culling. Reports of positive effects of biologging on the fitness of individuals are rather uncommon and we argue that the most likely explanation is that GPS-collars could shield animals from poaching. Our results highlight the challenges of drawing population level inferences for large carnivores when using data from an instrumented sample of the population.

scholarly journals Slow life-history strategies are associated with negligible actuarial senescence in western Palearctic salamanders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cayuela ◽  
Kurtuluş Olgun ◽  
Claudio Angelini ◽  
Nazan Üzüm ◽  
Olivier Peyronel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Negligible Senescence

AbstractActuarial senescence (hereafter “senescence”) has been viewed for a long time as an inevitable and uniform process. However, the work on senescence has mainly focused on endotherms (especially mammals) with deterministic growth and low regeneration capacity at adult stages, leading to a strong taxonomic bias in the study of aging. Recent studies have highlighted that senescence could indeed display highly variable trajectory shape that correlates with species life history traits. Slow life histories and indeterminate growth seem to be associated with weak and late senescence. Furthermore, a few studies have suggested that high regenerative abilities could make senescence negligible in several ectotherms (e.g., hydra and salamanders). However, demographic data for species that would allow testing of these hypotheses are scarce and fragmented. Here, we investigated senescence patterns in a group of salamanders (i.e. “true salamanders”) from the Western Palearctic using capture-recapture data and Bayesian modeling. Our results showed that salamanders have slow life histories and that they experience negligible senescence. This pattern was consistent at both intra- and interspecific levels, suggesting that the absence of senescence may be a phylogenetically conserved trait. The regenerative capacities of true salamanders, and urodeles in general, likely explains why these small ectotherms have lifespans similar to that of large endotherms (e.g., ungulates, large birds) and undergo negligible senescence contrary to most amniotes including humans. Our study seriously challenges the idea that senescence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the living world.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Molecular Survey of Sarcoptic Mange in Wildlife: Diagnostic Performance in Wolf Faecal Samples Evaluated by Multi-Event Capture–Recapture Models

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Julieta Rousseau ◽  
Mónia Nakamura ◽  
Helena Rio-Maior ◽  
Francisco Álvares ◽  
Rémi Choquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Event Capture

Sarcoptic mange is globally enzootic, and non-invasive methods with high diagnostic specificity for its surveillance in wildlife are lacking. We describe the molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in non-invasively collected faecal samples, targeting the 16S rDNA gene. We applied this method to 843 Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus faecal samples collected in north-western Portugal (2006–2018). We further integrated this with serological data (61 samples from wolf and 20 from red fox Vulpes vulpes, 1997–2019) in multi-event capture–recapture models. The mean predicted prevalence by the molecular analysis of wolf faecal samples from 2006–2018 was 7.2% (CI95 5.0–9.4%; range: 2.6–11.7%), highest in 2009. The mean predicted seroprevalence in wolves was 24.5% (CI95 18.5–30.6%; range: 13.0–55.0%), peaking in 2006–2009. Multi-event capture–recapture models estimated 100% diagnostic specificity and moderate diagnostic sensitivity (30.0%, CI95 14.0–53.0%) for the molecular method. Mange-infected individually identified wolves showed a tendency for higher mortality versus uninfected wolves (ΔMortality 0.150, CI95 −0.165–0.458). Long-term serology data highlights the endemicity of sarcoptic mange in wild canids but uncovers multi-year epidemics. This study developed and evaluated a novel method for surveying sarcoptic mange in wildlife populations by the molecular detection of S. scabiei in faecal samples, which stands out for its high specificity and non-invasive character.

scholarly journals Natural variation in plant telomere length is associated with flowering time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Choi ◽  
Liliia R Abdulkina ◽  
Jun Yin ◽  
Inna B Chastukhina ◽  
John T Lovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Chromosome Integrity

Abstract Telomeres are highly repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of chromosomes that protect the chromosomes from deterioration during cell division. Here, using whole genome re-sequencing and terminal restriction fragment assays, we found substantial natural intraspecific variation in telomere length in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping in A. thaliana identified 13 regions with GWAS-significant associations underlying telomere length variation, including a region that harbors the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. Population genomic analysis provided evidence for a selective sweep at the TERT region associated with longer telomeres. We found that telomere length is negatively correlated with flowering time variation not only in A. thaliana, but also in maize and rice, indicating a link between life history traits and chromosome integrity. Our results point to several possible reasons for this correlation, including the possibility that longer telomeres may be more adaptive in plants that have faster developmental rates (and therefore flower earlier). Our work suggests that chromosomal structure itself might be an adaptive trait associated with plant life history strategies.

scholarly journals Getting Started Creating Data Dictionaries: How to Create a Shareable Data Set

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 251524592092800
Author(s):  
Erin M. Buchanan ◽  
Sarah E. Crain ◽  
Ari L. Cunningham ◽  
Hannah R. Johnson ◽  
Hannah Stash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Dictionary ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Source Data

As researchers embrace open and transparent data sharing, they will need to provide information about their data that effectively helps others understand their data sets’ contents. Without proper documentation, data stored in online repositories such as OSF will often be rendered unfindable and unreadable by other researchers and indexing search engines. Data dictionaries and codebooks provide a wealth of information about variables, data collection, and other important facets of a data set. This information, called metadata, provides key insights into how the data might be further used in research and facilitates search-engine indexing to reach a broader audience of interested parties. This Tutorial first explains terminology and standards relevant to data dictionaries and codebooks. Accompanying information on OSF presents a guided workflow of the entire process from source data (e.g., survey answers on Qualtrics) to an openly shared data set accompanied by a data dictionary or codebook that follows an agreed-upon standard. Finally, we discuss freely available Web applications to assist this process of ensuring that psychology data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable.

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