scholarly journals Impact of herbivore preference on the benefit of plant trait variability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Thiel ◽  
Sarah Gaschler ◽  
Karsten Mody ◽  
Nico Blüthgen ◽  
Barbara Drossel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Trait Distribution ◽  
Mathematical Relation ◽  
Herbivore Preference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽  
Trait Variability

AbstractWe explore the hypothesis that intraspecific trait variability can be per se beneficial for the plant when the curvature of the herbivore response to this trait is concave downwards. This hypothesis is based on a mathematical relation for non-linear averaging (Jensen’s inequality), leading to reduced herbivory when the trait distribution becomes broader. Our study introduces and investigates a model for plants and their insect herbivores that includes an unequal distribution of nutrient content between leaves. In contrast to earlier publications, we take into account the ability of herbivores to choose leaves, and the associated costs. By performing computer simulations and analytic calculations, we find that this herbivore preference can considerably alter the conclusion cited above. In particular, we demonstrate that herbivore populations that show preference for leaves on which they grow well can benefit from large nutrient level variability independently of the curvature of the herbivore response function, and despite the cost for preference.

scholarly journals Impact of herbivore preference on the benefit of plant trait variability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Thiel ◽  
Sarah Gaschler ◽  
Karsten Mody ◽  
Nico Blüthgen ◽  
Barbara Drossel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Trait Distribution ◽  
Mathematical Relation ◽  
Herbivore Preference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽  
Trait Variability

Abstract We explore the hypothesis that intraspecific trait variability can be per se beneficial for the plant when the curvature of the herbivore response to this trait is concave downwards. This hypothesis is based on a mathematical relation for nonlinear averaging (Jensen’s inequality), leading to reduced herbivory when the trait distribution becomes broader. Our study introduces and investigates a model for plants and their insect herbivores that includes an unequal distribution of nutrient content between leaves. In contrast to earlier publications, we take into account the ability of herbivores to choose leaves, and the associated costs of this preference behavior. By performing computer simulations and analytic calculations, we find that this herbivore preference can considerably alter the conclusion cited above. In particular, we demonstrate that herbivore populations that show preference for leaves on which they grow well can benefit from large nutrient-level variability independently of the curvature of the herbivore response function, despite the cost for preference.

Intraspecific trait variability of a typical tree species of riverine forests in southern Brazil

Flora ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 151806
Author(s):  
Edilvane Inês Zonta ◽  
Guilherme Krahl de Vargas ◽  
João André Jarenkow
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Riverine Forests ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽  
Trait Variability

scholarly journals Development of Protein Rich Flavored Bar

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Kaustav Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Protein Rich

Abstract: The present study entitled “Development of protein rich flavoured bar” was conducted with the objective to develop protein rich flavoured bar using different ingredients, to assess the sensory accessibility, determine the nutritional composition and cost of developed protein bar. Protein rich flavoured bar were prepared by using three treatments i.e. T1 (dates 50g, oats 10g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 5g, cocoa powder 10g), T2 (dates 45g, oats 8g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 12g, guava flavour 10g) and T3 (dates 40g, oats 13g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 12g, orange flavour 10g). Organoleptic evaluation of the prepared product in relation to sensory attributes was carried out using the nine point hedonic scale score card by Srilaksmi (2015). The nutrient content of the value added food products were calculated with the help of food composition table given by Gopalan et al., (2011). The cost of individual raw ingredients used in the preparation of the food product as the prevailing market price. All treatments were replicated four times and the data obtained during investigation were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and critical difference (C.D.) techniques. On the basis of sensory acceptability it was found that T1 was scored highest in terms of colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and taste and overall acceptability. As well as T1 shows significantly high in the nutritive value among all treatments regarding energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, fibre, calcium and iron. The cost of the protein rich flavoured bar per 100g of dry ingredients at the prevailing cost of the raw materials was highest in T1 (Rs. 29.33) followed by T2 (Rs. 20.69) and T3 (Rs. 20.34). Dates are very good source of fibre, carbohydrate, protein and act as natural sweetener with no fat. As the bar is rich in protein, iron and other macronutrients, so it is majorly recommended for Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), athletes and anemic patient. Daily 100g of dates intake helps to get all essential nutrients. Strictly restricted for Type-1 diabetic patients. Keywords: Protein, Nutrient content, organoleptic evaluation, nutrition bar, cost.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF THE NUTRITIONAL PRESERVATION RESEARCH OF THE ALFALFA LAYING ON STORAGE WITH TWO-PHASE COMPACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-274
Author(s):  
D.O. Milko ◽  
O.H. Sclyar ◽  
R.V. Sclyar ◽  
G.P. Pedchenкo ◽  
D.P. Zhuravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Modern Manufacturing ◽  
The Cost

In modern manufacturing of livestock production, the outstanding value is allocated for a food supply. The main criterion for evaluating the quality of feed components is the nutrient content of the feed ration. However, in the process of the storage, the maintenance of the nutritious substances decreases for various reasons that are leading to decreasing livestock efficiency and increasing the cost. The results of the use of a two-phase compaction of the forage vegetable components on the example of the alfalfa are given in the article. The dependence coefficient of the nutritional preservation on density of the alfalfa put on storage are also presented in this article. The applied method and the results obtained can be used in the development and design offices to create new equipment based on the two-phase compaction of the fodder vegetable component mixes by preparing them for storage. The application of this method brings to decreasing losses of nutrients in the storage process which reduces the components cost in total with increasing additional weights and the milk productivity.

scholarly journals Development of Instant Sinigang Powder from Katmon Fruit (Dillenia philippinensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-383
Author(s):  
Marchelita Beverly Tappy ◽  
Sophiya Celine Dellosa ◽  
Teejay Malabonga
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
School Students ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Online Software ◽  
Senior High School Students

INTRODUCTION:Katmon Fruit (Dillenia Philippinensis) is a fruit tree commonly use in the rural area in the Philippines. Katmon is eaten as fruit but is not very popular because of the unacceptable taste that resembles a green sour apple. The purpose of this study is to develop an instant sinigang powder as a base ingredients of sinigang and using the natural sour taste for sinigang dish.   METHOD:This study use katmon fruit, shiitake mushroom, garlic, iodized salt, and sugar to develop an instant sinigang mix powder. It were dehydrated using the Multi-Commodity Heat Pump Dryer for 13 hours. These were powdered using a grinder mixed with iodized salt and sugar. The nutrient content was computed using iFNRI online software. Thirty participants comprising: 10 faculty, 10 dormitory students,10 senior high school students did the taste test.   RESULTS:The results revealed that the product was liked very much in terms of color, texture, taste, aroma, and appearance. The instant sinigang powder is stored in a polyethylene metalized zip lock packaging 8.5 x 14cm. The cost per serving is PhP 37.5 .It is cheaper and has more nutritional value compared to other products.   DISCUSSION AND RECOMENDATION: The study recommend for more enhancement in terms of flavour of instant sinigang powder from katmon additional ingredient from natural sources to have more tasty and more nutritional content. This study also can help future researchers to have additional information about the katmon fruit.

scholarly journals Diversity of parental environments increases phenotypic variation in Arabidopsis populations more than genetic diversity but similarly affects productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Puy ◽  
Carlos P Carmona ◽  
Hana Dvořáková ◽  
Vít Latzel ◽  
Francesco de Bello
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽  
Trait Variability

Abstract Background and Aims The observed positive diversity effect on ecosystem functioning has rarely been assessed in terms of intraspecific trait variability within populations. Intraspecific phenotypic variability could stem both from underlying genetic diversity and from plasticity in response to environmental cues. The latter might derive from modifications to a plant’s epigenome and potentially last multiple generations in response to previous environmental conditions. We experimentally disentangled the role of genetic diversity and diversity of parental environments on population productivity, resistance against environmental fluctuations and intraspecific phenotypic variation. Methods A glasshouse experiment was conducted in which different types of Arabidopsis thaliana populations were established: one population type with differing levels of genetic diversity and another type, genetically identical, but with varying diversity levels of the parental environments (parents grown in the same or different environments). The latter population type was further combined, or not, with experimental demethylation to reduce the potential epigenetic diversity produced by the diversity of parental environments. Furthermore, all populations were each grown under different environmental conditions (control, fertilization and waterlogging). Mortality, productivity and trait variability were measured in each population. Key Results Parental environments triggered phenotypic modifications in the offspring, which translated into more functionally diverse populations when offspring from parents grown under different conditions were brought together in mixtures. In general, neither the increase in genetic diversity nor the increase in diversity of parental environments had a remarkable effect on productivity or resistance to environmental fluctuations. However, when the epigenetic variation was reduced via demethylation, mixtures were less productive than monocultures (i.e. negative net diversity effect), caused by the reduction of phenotypic differences between different parental origins. Conclusions A diversity of environmental parental origins within a population could ameliorate the negative effect of competition between coexisting individuals by increasing intraspecific phenotypic variation. A diversity of parental environments could thus have comparable effects to genetic diversity. Disentangling the effect of genetic diversity and that of parental environments appears to be an important step in understanding the effect of intraspecific trait variability on coexistence and ecosystem functioning.

Community trait response to environment: disentangling species turnover vs intraspecific trait variability effects

Ecography ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lepš ◽  
Francesco de Bello ◽  
Petr Šmilauer ◽  
Jiří Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽  
Trait Variability

Study on the Relationship between Soil Nutrient and Yield Analysis Based on Bivariate Correlation between

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 1466-1469
Author(s):  
Li Ying Cao ◽  
Xiao Xian Zhang ◽  
Yue Ling Zhao ◽  
Gui Fen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Yield Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Soil nutrient level is an important factor affecting the yield of corn, to find out the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on maize yield, analysis of bivariate correlation in SPSS based on the relationship between nutrient content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the plot and each plot yield directly was analyzed, the experimental results show that it doesn't matter: P, K and the yield of corn, corn yield and nitrogen related.

scholarly journals Intraspecific trait variability of trees is related to canopy species richness in European forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Benavides ◽  
Fernando Valladares ◽  
Christian Wirth ◽  
Sandra Müller ◽  
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
European Forests ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽  
Canopy Species ◽  
Trait Variability
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