scholarly journals Structural and functional brain parameters related to cognitive performance across development: Replication and extension of the parieto-frontal integration theory in a single sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben C. Gur ◽  
Ellyn R. Butler ◽  
Tyler M. Moore ◽  
Adon F.G. Rosen ◽  
Kosha Ruparel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Neurocognitive Assessment ◽  
Tesla Scanner

AbstractThe Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (PFIT) identified a fronto-parietal network of regions where individual differences in brain parameters most strongly relate to cognitive performance. PFIT was supported and extended in adult samples, but not in youths or within single-scanner well-powered multimodal studies. We performed multimodal neuroimaging in 1601 youths age 8-22 on the same 3-Tesla scanner with contemporaneous neurocognitive assessment, measuring volume, gray matter density (GMD), mean diffusivity (MD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting-state functional MRI measures of amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), and activation to a working memory and a social cognition task. Across age and sex groups, better performance was associated with higher volumes, greater GMD, lower MD, lower CBF, higher ALFF and ReHo and greater activation for the working memory task in PFIT regions. However, additional cortical, striatal, limbic and cerebellar regions showed comparable effects, hence PFIT needs expansion into an Extended PFIT (ExtPFIT) network incorporating nodes that support motivation and affect. Associations of brain parameters became stronger with advancing age group from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood, effects occurring earlier in females. This ExtPFIT network is developmentally fine-tuned, optimizing abundance and integrity of neural tissue while maintaining low resting energy state.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Brain Parameters Related to Cognitive Performance Across Development: Replication and Extension of the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory in a Single Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben C Gur ◽  
Ellyn R Butler ◽  
Tyler M Moore ◽  
Adon F G Rosen ◽  
Kosha Ruparel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Neurocognitive Assessment ◽  
Tesla Scanner

Abstract The parieto-frontal integration theory (PFIT) identified a fronto-parietal network of regions where individual differences in brain parameters most strongly relate to cognitive performance. PFIT was supported and extended in adult samples, but not in youths or within single-scanner well-powered multimodal studies. We performed multimodal neuroimaging in 1601 youths age 8–22 on the same 3-Tesla scanner with contemporaneous neurocognitive assessment, measuring volume, gray matter density (GMD), mean diffusivity (MD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), and activation to a working memory and a social cognition task. Across age and sex groups, better performance was associated with higher volumes, greater GMD, lower MD, lower CBF, higher ALFF and ReHo, and greater activation for the working memory task in PFIT regions. However, additional cortical, striatal, limbic, and cerebellar regions showed comparable effects, hence PFIT needs expansion into an extended PFIT (ExtPFIT) network incorporating nodes that support motivation and affect. Associations of brain parameters became stronger with advancing age group from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood, effects occurring earlier in females. This ExtPFIT network is developmentally fine-tuned, optimizing abundance and integrity of neural tissue while maintaining a low resting energy state.

scholarly journals Temporal Properties of Posterior Parietal Neuron Discharges During Working Memory and Passive Viewing

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 2254-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik C. Joelving ◽  
Albert Compte ◽  
Christos Constantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Memory Condition ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Working memory is mediated by the discharges of neurons in a distributed network of brain areas. It was recently suggested that enhanced rhythmicity in neuronal activity may be critical for sustaining remembered information. To test whether working memory is characterized by unique temporal discharge patterns, we analyzed the autocorrelograms and power spectra of spike trains recorded from the posterior parietal cortex of monkeys performing a visuospatial working-memory task. We compared the intervals of active memory maintenance and fixation and repeated the same analysis in spike trains from monkeys never trained to perform any kind of memory task. The most salient effect we observed was a decrease of power in the 5- to 10-Hz frequency range during the presentation of visual stimuli. This pattern was observed both in the working-memory condition and the control condition, although it was more prominent in the former, where it persisted after cue presentation when the monkeys actively remembered the spatial location of the stimulus. Low-frequency power suppression resulted from relative refractory periods that were significantly longer in the working-memory condition and presumably emerged from local-circuit inhibition. We also detected a spectral peak in the 15- to 20-Hz range, although this was more prominent during fixation than during the stimulus and working-memory periods. Our results are in line with previous reports in prefrontal cortex and indicate that unique temporal patterns of single-neuron firing characterize persistent delay activity, although these do not involve the appearance of enhanced oscillations.

scholarly journals No evidence for changes in GABA concentration, functional connectivity, or working memory following continuous theta burst stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tribikram Thapa ◽  
Joshua Hendrikse ◽  
Sarah Thompson ◽  
Chao Suo ◽  
Mana Biabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is thought to reduce cortical excitability and modulate functional connectivity, possibly by altering cortical inhibition at the site of stimulation. However, most evidence comes from the motor cortex and it remains unclear whether similar effects occur following stimulation over other brain regions. We assessed whether cTBS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex altered gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration, functional connectivity and brain dynamics at rest, and brain activation and memory performance during a working memory task. Seventeen healthy individuals participated in a randomised, sham-controlled, cross-over experiment. Before and after either real or sham cTBS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was obtained at rest to measure GABA concentrations, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was recorded at rest and during an n-back working memory task to measure functional connectivity, brain dynamics (low-frequency fluctuations), and task-related patterns of brain activity. We could not find evidence for changes in GABA concentration (P=0.66, Bayes factor [BF10]=0.07), resting-state functional connectivity (P(FWE)>0.05), resting-state low-frequency fluctuations (P=0.88, BF10=0.04), blood-oxygen level dependent activity during the n-back task (P(FWE) >0.05), or working memory performance (P=0.13, BF10=0.05) following real or sham cTBS. Our findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting the effects of cTBS are highly variable between individuals and question the notion that cTBS is a universal 'inhibitory' paradigm.

5 -HT1A Receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-HT2 receptor agonist (DOI) disrupt the non-cognitive performance of rats in a working memory task

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirja Ruotsalainen ◽  
Ewen MacDonald ◽  
Esa Koivisto ◽  
Roman Stefanski ◽  
Antti Haapalinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Memory Task

scholarly journals The olfactory bulb modulates entorhinal cortex oscillations during spatial working memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Salimi ◽  
Farhad Tabasi ◽  
Milad Nazari ◽  
Sepideh Ghazvineh ◽  
Alireza Salimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Simultaneous Recording

AbstractCognitive functions such as working memory require integrated activity among different brain regions. Notably, entorhinal cortex (EC) activity is associated with the successful working memory task. Olfactory bulb (OB) oscillations are known as rhythms that modulate rhythmic activity in widespread brain regions during cognitive tasks. Since the OB is structurally connected to the EC, we hypothesized that OB could modulate EC activity during working memory performance. Herein, we explored OB–EC functional connectivity during spatial working memory performance by simultaneous recording local field potentials when rats performed a Y-maze task. Our results showed that the coherence of delta, theta, and gamma-band oscillations between OB and EC was increased during correct trials compared to wrong trials. Cross-frequency coupling analyses revealed that the modulatory effect of OBs low-frequency phase on EC gamma power and phase was enhanced when animals correctly performed working memory task. The influx of information from OB to EC was also increased at delta and gamma bands within correct trials. These findings indicated that the modulatory influence of OB rhythms on EC oscillations might be necessary for successful working memory performance.

Vocal Biomarkers for Cognitive Performance Estimation in a Working Memory Task

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sloboda ◽  
Adam Lammert ◽  
James Williamson ◽  
Christopher Smalt ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Performance Estimation

scholarly journals Modafinil modulates anterior cingulate function in chronic schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Spence ◽  
Russell D. Green ◽  
Iain D. Wilkinson ◽  
Mike D. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Double Blind

BackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with widespread cognitive deficits that have an impact on social function. Modafinil promotes wakefulness and is reported to enhance cognition.AimsTo study the acute effects of modafinil administration upon brain activity and cognitive performance in people with chronic schizophrenia.MethodIn a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, 19 patients received either modafinil (100 mg) or placebo prior to undertaking a working memory task with functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsSeventeen patients completed the study and another underwent acute relapse 4 days post-drug. Modafinil administration was associated with significantly greater activation in the anterior cingulate cortex during the working memory task. The anterior cingulate cortex signal correlated with cognitive performance, although only a subset of patients exhibited ‘enhancement’.ConclusionsModafinil modulates anterior cingulate cortex function in chronic schizophrenia but its beneficial cognitive effects may be restricted to a subset of patients requiring further characterisation.

scholarly journals Is heart rate variability related to cognitive performance in visuospatial working memory?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukrishnan Suriya-Prakash ◽  
Gurja John-Preetham ◽  
Ratna Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Load

In the current study, we investigated the relation between cognitive performance and heart rate variability in visuospatial working memory. We used a visuospatial working memory paradigm involving simultaneous encoding, maintenance, active manipulation and retrieval to simulate routine daily activities. Subjects performed the visuospatial working memory paradigm which had 3 memory loads and simultaneous ECG recording was acquired for measuring heart rate variability. Based on the performance in the visuospatial working memory task, subjects were segregated into two groups: Good performers and poor performers. Two major findings emerged in this study. First, the heart rate variability decreased with an increase in the working memory load. Second, good performers had relatively higher heart rate variability compared to poor performers while performing the visuospatial working memory task. Our results highlighted the influence of cognitive performance on heart rate variability. In summary, the current study indicates that the heart rate variability during the visuospatial working memory task could predict the qualitative differences in the cognitive performance between the individuals.

scholarly journals Is heart rate variability related to cognitive performance in visuospatial working memory?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukrishnan Suriya-Prakash ◽  
Gurja John-Preetham ◽  
Ratna Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Load

In the current study, we investigated the relation between cognitive performance and heart rate variability in visuospatial working memory. We used a visuospatial working memory paradigm involving simultaneous encoding, maintenance, active manipulation and retrieval to simulate routine daily activities. Subjects performed the visuospatial working memory paradigm which had 3 memory loads and simultaneous ECG recording was acquired for measuring heart rate variability. Based on the performance in the visuospatial working memory task, subjects were segregated into two groups: Good performers and poor performers. Two major findings emerged in this study. First, the heart rate variability decreased with an increase in the working memory load. Second, good performers had relatively higher heart rate variability compared to poor performers while performing the visuospatial working memory task. Our results highlighted the influence of cognitive performance on heart rate variability. In summary, the current study indicates that the heart rate variability during the visuospatial working memory task could predict the qualitative differences in the cognitive performance between the individuals.

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