scholarly journals Sub-lethal insecticide exposure affects host biting efficiency of Kdr-resistant Anopheles gambiae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malal M Diop ◽  
Fabrice Chandre ◽  
Marie Rossignol ◽  
Angélique Porciani ◽  
Mathieu Chateau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Feeding Success ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Biting Behaviour ◽  
Blood Meal Size

AbstractThe massive use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has drastically changed the environment for malaria vector mosquitoes, challenging their host-seeking behaviour and biting success. Here, we investigated the effect of a brief exposure to an ITN on the biting behaviour of Anopheles mambiae mosquitoes and the interaction between such behaviour and the kdr mutation that confers resistance to pyrethroids. To this aim, we developed a video assay to study the biting behaviour of mosquitoes with similar genetic background, but different kdr locus genotypes (SS i.e. homozygous susceptible, RS i.e. heterozygous and RR i.e. homozygous resistant), after a brief exposure to either control untreated nets or one of two types of pyrethroid-treated nets (deltamethrin or permethrin). In presence of untreated nets, the kdr mutation did not influence mosquito blood feeding success but caused differences in feeding and prediuresis durations and blood meal size. Exposure to deltamethrin ITN decreased the blood feeding success rate of RR and RS mosquitoes, whereas in presence of permethrin ITN, the kdr mutation increased the blood-feeding success of mosquitoes. Exposure to the two types of pyrethroid-treated nets reduced feeding duration, prediuresis duration and blood meal size of all three genotypes. Our study demonstrates a complex interaction between insecticide exposure and the kdr mutation on the biting behavior of mosquitoes, which may substantially impact malaria vector fitness and disease transmission.

scholarly journals Influence of GST- and P450-based metabolic resistance to pyrethroids on blood feeding in the major African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Nouage ◽  
Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille ◽  
Achille Binyang ◽  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Tatiane Atsatse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Feeding Success ◽  
Blood Meal Size

AbstractInsecticide resistance genes are often associated with pleiotropic effects on various mosquito life-history traits. However, very little information is available on the impact of insecticide resistance, especially metabolic resistance, on blood feeding process in mosquitoes. Here, using two recently detected DNA-based metabolic markers in the major malaria vector, An. funestus, we investigated how metabolic resistance genes could affect blood meal intake.After allowing both field F1 and lab F8 Anopheles funestus strains to feed on human arm for 30 minutes, we assessed the association between key parameters of blood meal process including, probing time, feeding duration, blood feeding success and blood meal size, and markers of glutathione S-transferase (L119F-GSTe2) and cytochrome P450 (CYP6P9a_R) - mediated metabolic resistance. None of the parameters of blood meal process was associated with L119F-GSTe2 genotypes. In contrast, for CYP6P9a_R, homozygote resistant mosquitoes were significantly more able to blood-feed than homozygote susceptible (OR = 3.3; CI 95%: 1.4-7.7; P =0.01) mosquitoes. Moreover, the volume of blood meal ingested by CYP6P9a-SS mosquitoes was lower than that of CYP6P9a-RS (P<0.004) and of CYP6P9a-RR (P<0.006). This suggests that CYP6P9a gene affects the feeding success and blood meal size of An. funestus. However, no correlation was found in the expression of CYP6P9a and that of genes encoding for salivary proteins involved in blood meal process.This study suggests that P450-based metabolic resistance may increase the blood feeding ability of malaria vectors and potential impacting their vectorial capacity.

METHODS OF MEASURING BLOOD MEAL SIZE AND PROTEINASE ACTIVITY FOR DETERMINING EFFECTS OF MATED STATE ON DIGESTIVE PROCESSES OF FEMALE AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon G. Houseman ◽  
A.E.R. Downe
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Proteinase Activity ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Blood Meal Size ◽  
Digestive Processes

AbstractTwo techniques for measuring size of ingested blood meal and 5 methods of measuring proteinase activity in the midgut of Aedes aegypti are compared. Protein, measured after trichloroacetic acid precipitation, was found to be most suitable for determining blood meal size and loss of protein from the gut. Of 5 proteinase substrates tested (BAPNA (benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide), hemoglobin, casein, azocasein, and hide powder azure), BAPNA was considered most suitable for trypsin measurements. These techniques were used to show that virgin females, 6 and 10 days after eclosion, consumed smaller meals than mated females. Virgin females also showed delays in both onset of protein loss from the gut and the increase in proteinase activity after blood feeding.

Regulation of blood meal size in the mosquito

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2039-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Gwadz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Blood Meal Size

Effect of Dirofilaria Immitis on Blood Meal Size and Fecundity in Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)1

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl C. Courtney ◽  
Bruce M. Christensen ◽  
Walter G. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Blood Meal Size

Impact of Tahanids on Cattle: Blood Meal Size and Preferred Feeding Sites12

1980 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Hollander ◽  
R. E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Cattle Blood ◽  
Blood Meal Size

scholarly journals Haematophagous arthropod saliva and host defense system: a tale of tear and blood

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno B. Andrade ◽  
Clarissa R. Teixeira ◽  
Aldina Barral ◽  
Manoel Barral-Netto
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Current Information ◽  
System A ◽  
Host Defense System

The saliva from blood-feeding arthropod vectors is enriched with molecules that display diverse functions that mediate a successful blood meal. They function not only as weapons against host's haemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses but also as important tools to pathogen establishment. Parasites, virus and bacteria taking advantage of vectors' armament have adapted to facilitate their entry in the host. Today, many salivary molecules have been identified and characterized as new targets to the development of future vaccines. Here we focus on current information on vector's saliva and the molecules responsible to modify host's hemostasis and immune response, also regarding their role in disease transmission.

scholarly journals Evolutionary transition from blood feeding to obligate nonbiting in a mosquito

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Bradshaw ◽  
Joshua Burkhart ◽  
John K. Colbourne ◽  
Rudyard Borowczak ◽  
Jacqueline Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Vector Borne

The spread of blood-borne pathogens by mosquitoes relies on their taking a blood meal; if there is no bite, there is no disease transmission. Although many species of mosquitoes never take a blood meal, identifying genes that distinguish blood feeding from obligate nonbiting is hampered by the fact that these different lifestyles occur in separate, genetically incompatible species. There is, however, one unique extant species with populations that share a common genetic background but blood feed in one region and are obligate nonbiters in the rest of their range: Wyeomyia smithii. Contemporary blood-feeding and obligate nonbiting populations represent end points of divergence between fully interfertile southern and northern populations. This divergence has undoubtedly resulted in genetic changes that are unrelated to blood feeding, and the challenge is to winnow out the unrelated genetic factors to identify those related specifically to the evolutionary transition from blood feeding to obligate nonbiting. Herein, we determine differential gene expression resulting from directional selection on blood feeding within a polymorphic population to isolate genetic differences between blood feeding and obligate nonbiting. We show that the evolution of nonbiting has resulted in a greatly reduced metabolic investment compared with biting populations, a greater reliance on opportunistic metabolic pathways, and greater reliance on visual rather than olfactory sensory input. W. smithii provides a unique starting point to determine if there are universal nonbiting genes in mosquitoes that could be manipulated as a means to control vector-borne disease.

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