scholarly journals The Human Dynamic Clamp reveals the fronto-parietal network linking real-time social coordination and cognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dumas ◽  
Q. Moreau ◽  
E. Tognoli ◽  
J.A.S. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Clamp ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sensorimotor Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHow does the brain allow us to interact with others, and above all how does it handle situations when the goals of the interactors overlap (i.e. cooperation) or differ (i.e. competition)? Social neuroscience has already provided some answers to these questions but has tended to treat high-level, cognitive interpretations of social behavior separately from the sensorimotor mechanisms upon which they rely. The goal here is to identify the underlying neural processes and mechanisms linking sensorimotor coordination and intention attribution. We combine the Human Dynamic Clamp (HDC), a novel paradigm for studying realistic social behavior between self and other in well-controlled laboratory conditions, with high resolution electroencephalography (EEG). The collection of humanness and intention attribution reports, kinematics and neural data affords an opportunity to relate brain activity to the behavior of the HDC as well as to what the human is doing. Behavioral results demonstrate that sensorimotor coordination influences judgements of cooperativeness and humanness. Analysis of brain dynamics reveals two distinct networks related to integration of visuo-motor information from self and other. The two networks overlap over the right parietal region, an area known to be important for interpersonal motor interactions. Furthermore, connectivity analysis highlights how the judgement of humanness and cooperation of others modulate the connection between the right parietal hub and prefrontal cortex. These results reveal how distributed neural dynamics integrates information from ‘low-level’ sensorimotor mechanisms and ‘high-level’ social cognition to support the realistic social behaviors that play out in real time during interactive scenarios.Significance StatementDaily social interactions require us to coordinate with others and to reflect on their potential motives. This study investigates the brain and behavioral dynamics of these two key aspects of social cognition. Combining high-density electroencephalography and the Human Dynamic Clamp (a Virtual Partner endowed with human-based coordination dynamics), we show first, that several features of sensorimotor coordination influence attribution of intention and judgement of humanness; second, that the right parietal lobe is a key integration hub between information related to self- and other-behavior; and third, that the posterior online social hub is functionally coupled to anterior offline brain structures to support mentalizing about others. Our results stress the complementary nature of low-level and high-level mechanisms that underlie social cognition.

scholarly journals The Human Dynamic Clamp Reveals the Fronto-Parietal Network Linking Real-Time Social Coordination and Cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 3271-3285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dumas ◽  
Q Moreau ◽  
E Tognoli ◽  
J A S Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dynamic Clamp ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sensorimotor Mechanisms

Abstract How does the brain allow us to interact with others? Social neuroscience has already provided some answers to these questions but has tended to treat high-level, cognitive interpretations of social behavior separately from the sensorimotor mechanisms upon which they rely. The goal here is to identify the underlying neural processes and mechanisms linking sensorimotor coordination and intention attribution. We combine the human dynamic clamp, a novel paradigm for studyingrealistic social behavior, with high-resolution electroencephalography. The collection of humanness and intention attribution reports, kinematics, and neural data affords an opportunity to relate brain activity to the ongoing social behavior. Behavioral results demonstrate that sensorimotor coordination influences the judgments of cooperativeness and humanness. Analysis of brain dynamics reveals two distinct networks related to the integration of visuo-motor information from self and other which overlap over the right parietal region. Furthermore, judgment of humanness and cooperation of others modulate the functional connectivity between this right parietal hub and the prefrontal cortex. These results reveal how distributed neural dynamics integrates information from “low-level” sensorimotor mechanisms and “high-level” social cognition to support the realistic social behaviors that play out in real time during interactive scenarios.

scholarly journals Asymmetry in the content of brain monoamines of BALB/c mice reared in social isolation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladimirovna Karpova ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mikheyev ◽  
Yevgeniy Rudolfovich Bychkov ◽  
Andrey Andreyevich Lebedev ◽  
Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Monoamines ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

The effects of long-term social isolation on the content and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin systems were studied in symmetrical brain structures of BALB/c male mice. With HPLC the contents of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of both the right and the left hemispheres of the brain in mice reared in groups and social isolation. The isolated mice were characterized by reduced level of DA in the left striatum and elevated level of 5-HIAA and ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT in the right striatum. In the hippocampus of isolated mice, the activation of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems was observed, that is the high level of DA and DOPAC in the left hippocampus and the elevated level of 5-HT in both hemispheres and of 5-HIAA in the right hippocampus were registered. On the other hand, the reduction of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems activity was shown to be in the right hemisphere. The decreased concentration of DOPAC and ratio DOPAC/DA in the right cortex were observed as well. As to 5-HT-ergic system, the reduced level of 5-HT in the both cortex of the hemispheres as well as 5-HIAA in the right hemisphere of isolated mice was determined. The phenomenon of interhemispheric asymmetry was revealed in the hippocampus only, which was characterized by the increased DA-ergic activity in the left hippocampus but not in the striatum and the cortex.

scholarly journals Brain Abscess and Keratoacanthoma Suggestive of Hyper IgE Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Soheyla Alyasin ◽  
Reza Amin ◽  
Alireza Teymoori ◽  
Hamidreza Houshmand ◽  
Gholamreza Houshmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Hyper Ige Syndrome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Left Inguinal Region

Hyper immunoglobulin-E (IgE) syndrome is an autosomal immune deficiency disease. It is characterized by an increase in IgE and eosinophil count with both T-cell and B-cell malfunction. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy whose disease started with an unusual skin manifestation. When 6 months old he developed generalized red, nontender nodules and pathologic report of the skin lesion was unremarkable (inflammatory). Then he developed a painless, cold abscess. At the age of 4 years, he developed a seronegative polyarticular arthritis. Another skin biopsy was taken which was in favor of Keratoacanthoma. Laboratory workup for immune deficiency showed high eosinophil count and high level of immunoglobulin-E, due to some diagnostic criteria (NIH sores: 41 in 9-year-olds), he was suggestive of hyper IgE syndrome. At the age of 8, the patient developed an abscess in the left inguinal region. While in hospital, the patient developed generalized tonic colonic convulsion and fever. Brain computed tomography scan revealed an abscess in the right frontal lobe. Subsequently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain indicated expansion of the existing abscess to contralateral frontal lobe (left side). After evacuating the abscesses and administrating intravenous antibiotic, the patient’s condition improved dramatically and fever stopped.

scholarly journals Are We Right about the Right TPJ? A Review of Brain Stimulation and Social Cognition in the Right Temporal Parietal Junction

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Nathira Ahmad ◽  
Samantha Zorns ◽  
Katherine Chavarria ◽  
Janet Brenya ◽  
Aleksandra Janowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right

In the past decade, the functional role of the TPJ (Temporal Parietal Junction) has become more evident in terms of its contribution to social cognition. Studies have revealed the TPJ as a ‘distinguisher’ of self and other with research focused on non-clinical populations as well as in individuals with Autism and Type I Schizophrenia. Further research has focused on the integration of self-other distinctions with proprioception. Much of what we now know about the causal role of the right TPJ derives from TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), rTMS repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), and tDCS (transcranial Direct Cortical Stimulation). In this review, we focus on the role of the right TPJ as a moderator of self, which is integrated and distinct from ‘other’ and how brain stimulation has established the causal relationship between the underlying cortex and agency.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Visualization System with Spatial Information for Navigation of Tele-Operated Robots

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hun Kim ◽  
Chansung Jung ◽  
Jaeheung Park
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

This study describes a three-dimensional visualization system with spatial information for the effective control of a tele-operated robot. The environmental visualization system for operating the robot is very important. The tele-operated robot performs tasks in a disaster area that is not accessible to humans. The visualization system should perform in real-time to cope with rapidly changing situations. The visualization system should also provide accurate and high-level information so that the tele-operator can make the right decisions. The proposed system consists of four fisheye cameras and a 360° laser scanner. When the robot moves to the unknown space, a spatial model is created using the spatial information data of the laser scanner, and a single-stitched image is created using four images from cameras and mapped in real-time. The visualized image contains the surrounding spatial information; hence, the tele-operator can not only grasp the surrounding space easily, but also knows the relative position of the robot in space. In addition, it provides various angles of view without moving the robot or sensor, thereby coping with various situations. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a more natural appearance than the conventional methods.

scholarly journals Caffeine Components Empower the Brain Potentiality

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Nasim Habibzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

The brain requires certain fuels to function in high level. Literally, nutritional components can modulate the brain productivity. One of the right nutrition to enhance the brain power is dietary component of caffeine. Caffeine as a component of coffee, tea and chocolate is very popular. Although, depending on the dietary demands or conventional habits some people do not consume caffeine-containing substances (i.e. foods or beverage). Nonetheless, caffeine constituents maximize the brain potential via promoting the central nervous system (CNS) through blocking an inhibitory neurotransmitter (adenosine) and releasing some other specific neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) in brain. The chemistry of caffeine in a standard dose in fact can affect the brain intelligence.

scholarly journals Oscillatory Networks of High-Level Mental Alignment: A Perspective-Taking MEG Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A Seymour, ◽  
H. Wang, ◽  
G. Rippon, ◽  
K. Kessler,
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

AbstractMentally imagining another’s perspective is a high-level social process, reliant on manipulating internal representations of the self in an embodied manner. Recently Wang et al., (1) showed that theta-band (3-7Hz) brain oscillations within the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) and brain regions coding for motor/body schema contribute to the process of perspective-taking. Using a task requiring participants to engage in embodied perspective-taking, we set out to unravel the extended functional brain network and its connections in detail. We found that increasing the angle of disparity between self and other perspective was accompanied by longer reaction times and increases in theta power within rTPJ, right lateral pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Using nonparametric Granger-causality, we showed that during later stages of perspective-taking, the lateral PFC and ACC exert top-down influences over rTPJ, indicative of executive control processes required for managing conflicts between self and other perspectives. Finally, we quantified patterns of whole-brain phase coupling (imaginary coherence) in relation to rTPJ during high-level perspective taking. Results suggest that rTPJ increases its theta-band phase synchrony with brain regions involved in mentalizing and regions coding for motor/body schema; whilst decreasing its synchrony to visual regions. Implications for neurocognitive models are discussed, and it is proposed that rTPJ acts as a ‘hub’ to route bottom-up visual information to internal representations of the self during perspective-taking, co-ordinated by theta-band oscillations. The self is then projected onto the other’s perspective via embodied motor/body schema transformations, regulated by top-down cingulo-frontal activity.Significance StatementHigh-level social processing, such as the ability to imagine another’s visuospatial experience of the world (perspective taking), is a core part of what makes us human. Building on a substantial body of converging previous evidence, our study reveals how concerted activity across the cortex in low frequencies (theta: 3-7 Hz) implements this crucial human process. We found that oscillatory power and connectivity (imaginary coherence, nonparametric Granger causality) at theta frequency linked functional sub-networks of executive control, mentalizing, and sensorimotor/body schema via a main hub located in the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ). Our findings inform neurocognitive models of social cognition by describing the co-ordinated changes in brain network connectivity, mediated by theta oscillations, during perspective-taking.

scholarly journals Hearing through lip-reading: the brain synthesizes features of absent speech

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Bourguignon ◽  
Martijn Baart ◽  
Efthymia C. Kapnoula ◽  
Nicola Molinaro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Motion ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Lip Reading ◽  
Auditory Cortices ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLip-reading is crucial to understand speech in challenging conditions. Neuroimaging investigations have revealed that lip-reading activates auditory cortices in individuals covertly repeating absent—but known—speech. However, in real-life, one usually has no detailed information about the content of upcoming speech. Here we show that during silent lip-reading of unknown speech, activity in auditory cortices entrains more to absent speech than to seen lip movements at frequencies below 1 Hz. This entrainment to absent speech was characterized by a speech-to-brain delay of 50–100 ms as when actually listening to speech. We also observed entrainment to lip movements at the same low frequency in the right angular gyrus, an area involved in processing biological motion. These findings demonstrate that the brain can synthesize high-level features of absent unknown speech sounds from lip-reading that can facilitate the processing of the auditory input. Such a synthesis process may help explain well-documented bottom-up perceptual effects.

scholarly journals Recruitment of occipital cortex by arithmetic processing follows computational bias in early blind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Crollen ◽  
Latifa Lazzouni ◽  
Antoine Bellemare ◽  
Mohamed Rezk ◽  
Franco Lepore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Functional Flexibility ◽  
Multiplication Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Blind Individuals ◽  
The Brain

AbstractArithmetic reasoning activates the occipital cortex of early blind people (EB). This activation of visual areas may reflect functional flexibility or the intrinsic computational role of specific occipital regions. We contrasted these competing hypotheses by characterizing the brain activity of EB and sighted participants while performing subtraction, multiplication and a control verbal task. In both groups, subtraction selectively activated a bilateral dorsal network commonly activated during spatial processing. Multiplication triggered more activity in temporal regions thought to participate in memory retrieval. No between-group difference was observed for the multiplication task whereas subtraction induced enhanced activity in the right dorsal occipital cortex of the blind individuals only. As this area overlaps and exhibits increased functional connectivity with regions showing selective tuning to auditory spatial processing, our results suggest that the recruitment of occipital regions during high-level cognition in the blind actually relates to the intrinsic computational role of the reorganized regions.

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