scholarly journals Effector-dependent modulation of working memory maintenance in posterior parietal cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Pilacinski ◽  
Melanie S. Höller-Wallscheid ◽  
Axel Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus

ABSTRACTWorking memory (WM) is the key process linking perception to action. Several lines of research have, accordingly, highlighted WM’s engagement in sensori-motor associations between retrospective stimuli and future behavior. Using human fMRI we investigated whether prior information about the effector used to report in a WM task would have an impact on the way the same sensory stimulus is maintained in memory – even if a behavioral response could not be readily planned. Specifically, we focused on WM-related activity in posterior parietal cortex during the maintenance of spatial items for a subsequent match-to-sample comparison, which was reported either with a verbal or with a manual response. We expected WM activity to be higher for manual response trials, because of posterior parietal cortex’s engagement in both spatial WM and hand movement preparation. Increased fMRI activity for manual response trials in bilateral anterior intraparietal sulcus confirmed our expectations. These results imply that the maintenance of sensory material in WM is optimized for motor context of the upcoming behavioral responses.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Disrupts Eye-Hand Interactions in the Posterior Parietal Cortex

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1677-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Van Donkelaar ◽  
Ji-Hang Lee ◽  
Anthony S. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Hand Coordination

Recent neurophysiological studies have started to shed some light on the cortical areas that contribute to eye-hand coordination. In the present study we investigated the role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in this process in normal, healthy subjects. This was accomplished by delivering single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the PPC to transiently disrupt the putative contribution of this area to the processing of information related to eye-hand coordination. Subjects made open-loop pointing movements accompanied by saccades of the same required amplitude or by saccades that were substantially larger. Without TMS the hand movement amplitude was influenced by the amplitude of the corresponding saccade; hand movements accompanied by larger saccades were larger than those accompanied by smaller saccades. When TMS was applied over the left PPC just prior to the onset of the saccade, a marked reduction in the saccadic influence on manual motor output was observed. TMS delivered at earlier or later periods during the response had no effect. Taken together, these data suggest that the PPC integrates signals related to saccade amplitude with limb movement information just prior to the onset of the saccade.

Effects of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Theta Burst Stimulation for Modulating the Posterior Parietal Cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 972-984
Author(s):  
Tian Gan ◽  
Stevan Nikolin ◽  
Colleen K. Loo ◽  
Donel M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractObjectives:Noninvasive brain stimulation methods, including high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS) have emerged as novel tools to modulate and explore brain function. However, the relative efficacy of these newer stimulation approaches for modulating cognitive functioning remains unclear. This study investigated the cognitive effects of HD-tDCS, intermittent TBS (iTBS) and prolonged continuous TBS (ProcTBS) and explored the potential of these approaches for modulating hypothesized functions of the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC).Methods:Twenty-two healthy volunteers attended four experimental sessions in a cross-over experimental design. In each session, participants either received HD-tDCS, iTBS, ProcTBS or sham, and completed cognitive tasks, including a divided attention task, a working memory maintenance task and an attention task (emotional Stroop test).Results:The results showed that compared to sham, HD-tDCS, iTBS and ProcTBS caused significantly faster response times on the emotional Stroop task. The effect size (Cohen’sd) wasd= .32 for iTBS (p< .001), .21 for ProcTBS (p= .01) and .15 for HD-tDCS (p= .044). However, for the performance on the divided attention and working memory maintenance tasks, no significant effect of stimulation was found.Conclusions:The results suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques, including TBS, may have greater efficacy for modulating cognition compared with HD-tDCS, and extend existing knowledge about specific functions of the left PPC.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in the ‘at-risk mental state’

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1987-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Broome ◽  
P. Fusar-Poli ◽  
P. Matthiasson ◽  
J. B. Woolley ◽  
L. Valmaggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundImpaired spatial working memory (SWM) is a robust feature of schizophrenia and has been linked to the risk of developing psychosis in people with an at-risk mental state (ARMS). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural substrate of SWM in the ARMS and in patients who had just developed schizophrenia.MethodfMRI was used to study 17 patients with an ARMS, 10 patients with a first episode of psychosis and 15 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response was measured while subjects performed an object–location paired-associate memory task, with experimental manipulation of mnemonic load.ResultsIn all groups, increasing mnemonic load was associated with activation in the medial frontal and medial posterior parietal cortex. Significant between-group differences in activation were evident in a cluster spanning the medial frontal cortex and right precuneus, with the ARMS groups showing less activation than controls but greater activation than first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. These group differences were more evident at the most demanding levels of the task than at the easy level. In all groups, task performance improved with repetition of the conditions. However, there was a significant group difference in the response of the right precuneus across repeated trials, with an attenuation of activation in controls but increased activation in FEP and little change in the ARMS.ConclusionsAbnormal neural activity in the medial frontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex during an SWM task may be a neural correlate of increased vulnerability to psychosis.

scholarly journals Cortical Mechanisms for Online Control of Hand Movement Trajectory: The Role of the Posterior Parietal Cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2848-2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe S. Archambault ◽  
Roberto Caminiti ◽  
Alexandra Battaglia-Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Online Control ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Posterior Parietal

scholarly journals Posterior Parietal Cortex Dysfunction Is Central to Working Memory Storage and Broad Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (39) ◽  
pp. 8378-8387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Hahn ◽  
Benjamin M. Robinson ◽  
Carly J. Leonard ◽  
Steven J. Luck ◽  
James M. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Posterior Parietal

scholarly journals Intention-related activity in the posterior parietal cortex: a review

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1433-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H Snyder ◽  
A.P Batista ◽  
R.A Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Posterior Parietal

scholarly journals Working Memory Retrieval: Contributions of the Left Prefrontal Cortex, the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex, and the Hippocampus

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilke Öztekin ◽  
Brian McElree ◽  
Bernhard P. Staresina ◽  
Lila Davachi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Focal Attention ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify regions involved in working memory (WM) retrieval. Neural activation was examined in two WM tasks: an item recognition task, which can be mediated by a direct-access retrieval process, and a judgment of recency task that requires a serial search. Dissociations were found in the activation patterns in the hippocampus and in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) when the probe contained the most recently studied serial position (where a test probe can be matched to the contents of focal attention) compared to when it contained all other positions (where retrieval is required). The data implicate the hippocampus and the LIFG in retrieval from WM, complementing their established role in long-term memory. Results further suggest that the left posterior parietal cortex (LPPC) supports serial retrieval processes that are often required to recover temporal order information. Together, these data suggest that the LPPC, the LIFG, and the hippocampus collectively support WM retrieval. Critically, the reported findings support accounts that posit a distinction between representations maintained in and outside of focal attention, but are at odds with traditional dual-store models that assume distinct mechanisms for short- and long-term memory representations.

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