scholarly journals Area 2 of primary somatosensory cortex encodes kinematics of the whole arm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raeed H Chowdhury ◽  
Joshua I Glaser ◽  
Lee E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Passive Movements

AbstractProprioception, the sense of body position, movement, and associated forces, remains poorly understood, despite its critical role in movement. Most studies of area 2, a proprioceptive area of somatosensory cortex, have simply compared neurons’ activities to the movement of the hand through space. By using motion tracking, we sought to elaborate this relationship by characterizing how area 2 activity relates to whole arm movements. We found that a whole-arm model, unlike classic models, successfully predicted how features of neural activity changed as monkeys reached to targets in two workspaces. However, when we then evaluated this whole-arm model across active and passive movements, we found that many neurons did not consistently represent the whole arm over both conditions. These results suggest that 1) neural activity in area 2 includes representation of the whole arm during reaching and 2) many of these neurons represented limb state differently during active and passive movements.

scholarly journals Area 2 of primary somatosensory cortex encodes kinematics of the whole arm

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raeed H Chowdhury ◽  
Joshua I Glaser ◽  
Lee E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Passive Movements

Proprioception, the sense of body position, movement, and associated forces, remains poorly understood, despite its critical role in movement. Most studies of area 2, a proprioceptive area of somatosensory cortex, have simply compared neurons’ activities to the movement of the hand through space. Using motion tracking, we sought to elaborate this relationship by characterizing how area 2 activity relates to whole arm movements. We found that a whole-arm model, unlike classic models, successfully predicted how features of neural activity changed as monkeys reached to targets in two workspaces. However, when we then evaluated this whole-arm model across active and passive movements, we found that many neurons did not consistently represent the whole arm over both conditions. These results suggest that 1) neural activity in area 2 includes representation of the whole arm during reaching and 2) many of these neurons represented limb state differently during active and passive movements.

scholarly journals Behavioral Choice-related Neuronal Activity in Monkey Primary Somatosensory Cortex in a Haptic Delay Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1634-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Wang ◽  
Xianchun Li ◽  
Steven S. Hsiao ◽  
Mark Bodner ◽  
Fred Lenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Number Of Cells

The neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory cortex was collected when monkeys performed a haptic–haptic DMS task. We found that, in trials with correct task performance, a substantial number of cells showed significant differential neural activity only when the monkeys had to make a choice between two different haptic objects. Such a difference in neural activity was significantly reduced in incorrect response trials. However, very few cells showed the choice-only differential neural activity in monkeys who performed a control task that was identical to the haptic–haptic task but did not require the animal to either actively memorize the sample or make a choice between two objects at the end of a trial. From these results, we infer that the differential activity recorded from cells in the primary somatosensory cortex in correct performance reflects the neural process of behavioral choice, and therefore, it is a neural correlate of decision-making when the animal has to make a haptic choice.

scholarly journals Motor planning brings human primary somatosensory cortex into action-specific preparatory states

eLife ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Ariani ◽  
J Andrew Pruszynski ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Motor planning plays a critical role in producing fast and accurate movement. Yet, the neural processes that occur in human primary motor and somatosensory cortex during planning, and how they relate to those during movement execution, remain poorly understood. Here we used 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a delayed movement paradigm to study single finger movement planning and execution. The inclusion of no-go trials and variable delays allowed us to separate what are typically overlapping planning and execution brain responses. Although our univariate results show widespread deactivation during finger planning, multivariate pattern analysis revealed finger-specific activity patterns in contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which predicted the planned finger action. Surprisingly, these activity patterns were as informative as those found in contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Control analyses ruled out the possibility that the detected information was an artifact of subthreshold movements during the preparatory delay. Furthermore, we observed that finger-specific activity patterns during planning were highly correlated to those during execution. These findings reveal that motor planning activates the specific S1 and M1 circuits that are engaged during the execution of a finger press, while activity in both regions is overall suppressed. We propose that preparatory states in S1 may improve movement control through changes in sensory processing or via direct influence of spinal motor neurons.

scholarly journals Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

10.3791/56297 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Lin ◽  
Tingbao Zhao ◽  
Wenhui Xiong ◽  
Shaonan Wen ◽  
Xiaoming Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex

scholarly journals Motor planning brings human primary somatosensory cortex into movement-specific preparatory states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Ariani ◽  
J. Andrew Pruszynski ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Movement Execution

Motor planning plays a critical role in producing fast and accurate movement. Yet, the neural processes that occur in human primary motor and somatosensory cortex during planning, and how they relate to those during movement execution, remain poorly understood. Here we used 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a delayed movement paradigm to study single finger movement planning and execution. The inclusion of no-go trials and variable delays allowed us to separate what are typically overlapping planning and execution brain responses. Although our univariate results show widespread deactivation during finger planning, multivariate pattern analysis revealed finger-specific activity patterns in contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which predicted the planned finger movements. Surprisingly, these activity patterns were similarly strong to those found in contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Control analyses ruled out the possibility that the detected information was an artifact of subthreshold movements during the preparatory delay. Furthermore, we observed that finger-specific activity patterns during planning were highly correlated to those during movement execution. These findings reveal that motor planning activates the specific S1 and M1 circuits that are engaged during the execution of a finger movement, while activity in S1 and M1 is overall suppressed. We propose that preparatory states in S1 may improve movement control through changes in sensory processing or via direct influence of spinal motor neurons.

Spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity in response to electroacupuncture stimulation in the rodent primary somatosensory cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younbyoung Chae ◽  
Hi-Joon Park ◽  
Dae-Hyun Hahm ◽  
Bae-Hwan Lee ◽  
Hun-Kuk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Tactile activity in primate primary somatosensory cortex during active arm movements: correlation with receptive field properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Cohen ◽  
M. J. Prud'homme ◽  
J. F. Kalaska
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Population Activity

1. Five hundred ninety-five single neurons with tactile receptive fields (RFs) on the contralateral arm were isolated in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of awake, behaving monkeys. 2. Fifty-eight percent of the tactile cells showed significantly different levels of activity during active movements of the arm in eight directions or during active maintenance of the arm over the target endpoints. 3. The discharge of many of the active tactile cells was unimodally tuned with movement direction and the pattern of the tactile population activity varied in a meaningful fashion with arm movement direction and posture. 4. The intensity of the arm-movement-induced activity was typically less than that evoked by direct tactile stimulation of the cell's RF. 5. The probability of task-related activity was correlated with certain RF properties, in particular the sensitivity of the cell to lateral stretch of the skin and to passive arm movements that avoided direct contact of the RF on any surface. 6. This suggests that task-related activity results mainly from the activation of tactile receptors by mechanical deformation of the skin as the arm changes geometry during movement. 7. These results demonstrate that tactile activity containing potential proprioceptive information is generated in SI during active arm movements that avoid direct contact of the skin with external surfaces. Whether or not this input contributes to the kinesthetic sensations evoked by the movements cannot be resolved by this study.

Tactile activity in primate primary somatosensory cortex during active arm movements: cytoarchitectonic distribution

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Prud'homme ◽  
D. A. Cohen ◽  
J. F. Kalaska
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Deep Activity ◽  
Area 3B

1. Cells were recorded in areas 3b and 1 of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of three monkeys during active arm movements. Successful reconstructions were made of 46 microelectrode penetrations, and 298 cells with tactile receptive fields (RFs) were located as to cytoarchitectonic area, lamina, or both. 2. Area 3b contained a greater proportion of cells with slowly adapting responses to tactile stimuli and fewer cells with deep modality inputs than did area 1. Area 3b also showed a greater level of movement-related modulation in tactile activity than area 1. Other cell properties were equally distributed in the two areas. 3. The distribution of cells with low-threshold tactile RFs that also responded to lateral stretch of the skin or to passive arm movements was skewed toward deeper laminae than for tactile cells that did not respond to those manipulations. 4. The variation of activity of tactile neurons during arm movements in different directions was weaker in the superficial laminae than in deeper cortical laminae. 5. Cells with only increases in activity during arm movements were preferentially but not exclusively located in middle and superficial layers. Cells with reciprocal responses were found mainly in laminae III and V, whereas cells with only decreases in activity were concentrated in lamina V. 6. Overall, active arm movements evoke directionally tuned tactile and “deep” activity in areas 3b and 1, in particular in the deeper cortical laminae that are the source of the descending output pathways from SI.

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