scholarly journals A Kuramoto model of self-other integration across interpersonal synchronization strategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Heggli ◽  
J. Cabral ◽  
I. Konvalinka ◽  
P. Vuust ◽  
M.L. Kringelbach
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Oscillators ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Interpersonal Dynamics ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
Action Coordination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Social Behaviour

AbstractHuman social behaviour is complex, and the biological and neural mechanisms underpinning it remain debated1,2. A particularly interesting social phenomenon is our ability and tendency to fall into synchrony with other humans3,4. Our ability to coordinate actions and goals relies on the ability to distinguish between and integrate self and other, which when impaired can lead to devastating consequences. Interpersonal synchronization has been a widely used framework for studying action coordination and self-other integration, showing that in simple interactions, such as joint finger tapping, complex interpersonal dynamics emerge. Here we propose a computational model of self-other integration via within- and between-person action-perception links, implemented as a simple Kuramoto model with four oscillators. The model abstracts each member of a dyad as a unit consisting of two connected oscillators, representing intrinsic processes of perception and action. By fitting this model to data from two separate experiments we show that interpersonal synchronization strategies rely on the relationship between within- and between-unit coupling. Specifically, mutual adaptation exhibits a higher between-unit coupling than within-unit coupling; leading-following requires that the follower unit has a low within-unit coupling; and leading-leading occurs when two units jointly exhibit a low between-unit coupling. These findings are consistent with the theory of interpersonal synchronization emerging through self-other integration mediated by processes of action-perception coupling4. Hence, our results show that chaotic human behaviour occurring on a millisecond scale can be modelled using coupled oscillators.

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Simone
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existential Perspective

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world: A Heideggerian Study explores Woolf’s treatment of the relationship between self and world from a phenomenological-existential perspective. This study presents a timely and compelling interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s textual treatment of the relationship between self and world from the perspective of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Drawing on Woolf’s novels, essays, reviews, letters, diary entries, short stories, and memoirs, the book explores the political and the ontological, as the individual’s connection to the world comes to be defined by an involvement and engagement that is always already situated within a particular physical, societal, and historical context. Emma Simone argues that at the heart of what it means to be an individual making his or her way in the world, the perspectives of Woolf and Heidegger are founded upon certain shared concerns, including the sustained critique of Cartesian dualism, particularly the resultant binary oppositions of subject and object, and self and Other; the understanding that the individual is a temporal being; an emphasis upon intersubjective relations insofar as Being-in-the-world is defined by Being-with-Others; and a consistent emphasis upon average everydayness as both determinative and representative of the individual’s relationship to and with the world.

scholarly journals Twin studies for the investigation of the relationships between genetic factors and brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Squarcina ◽  
C. Fagnani ◽  
M. Bellani ◽  
C. A. Altamura ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
The Relationship

The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) is to date not entirely clear. Classical genetic research showed that there is a contribution of genetic factors in BD, with high heritability. Twin studies, thanks to the fact that confounding factors as genetic background or family environment are shared, allow etiological inferences. In this work, we selected twin studies, which focus on the relationship between BD, genetic factors and brain structure, evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. All the studies found differences in brain structure between BD patients and their co-twins, and also in respect to healthy controls. Genetic effects are predominant in white matter, except corpus callosum, while gray matter resulted more influenced by environment, or by the disease itself. All studies found no interactions between BD and shared environment between twins. Twin studies have been demonstrated to be useful in exploring BD pathogenesis and could be extremely effective at discriminating the neural mechanisms underlying BD.

Introduction: Identity and alterity in Bronze Age Britain and Ireland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brück
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Bronze Age

In 2004, excavation in advance of the construction of a bypass around Mitchelstown in County Cork uncovered a number of pits on the banks of the Gradoge River (Kiely and Sutton 2007). On the bottom of one of these pits, three pottery vessels and a ceramic spoon had been laid on two flat stones. The pots had been deposited in a row: at the centre of the row was a small vessel that clearly models a human face with eyes, a protruding nose and ears, and, at the base of the pot, two feet (cover images). Oak charcoal from the pit returned a date of 1916–1696 cal BC. This find calls into question one of the basic conceptual building blocks that underpins our own contemporary understanding of the world—the distinction between people and objects—for it hints that some artefacts may have been imbued with human qualities and agentive capacities. This book is about the relationship between Bronze Age people and their material worlds. It explores the impact of the post-Enlightenment ‘othering’ of the non-human on our understanding of Bronze Age society. As we shall see, there is in fact considerable evidence to suggest that the categorical distinctions drawn in our own cultural context, for example between subject and object, self and other, and culture and nature, were not recognized or articulated in the same way during this period. So too contemporary forms of instrumental reason—encapsulated in a particular understanding of what constitutes logical, practical action and in the distinction we make between the ritual and the secular—have had a profound effect on how we view the Bronze Age world. Our understanding of the Bronze Age has undoubtedly changed dramatically since Christian Jürgensen Thomsen first popularized the term in his famous formulation of the three-age system in 1836 (Morris 1992). The very notion of a ‘Bronze Age’ foregrounds concepts of technical efficiency and advancement that doubtless chimed with the preoccupations and cultural values of Thomsen’s audience in the industrializing world in the nineteenth century.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Berit Brogaard ◽  
Dimitria Electra Gatzia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Event Perception ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

This volume explores questions not only related to traditional sensory perception, but also to proprioceptive, interoceptive, multisensory, and event perception, expanding traditional notions of the influence that conscious non-visual experience has on human behavior and rationality. Some essays investigate the role that emotions play in decision-making and agential perception and what this means for justifications of belief and knowledge; analyze the notion that some sensory experiences, such as touch, have epistemic privilege over others, as well as the relationship between perception and introspection, and the relationship between action perception and belief; and engage with topics in aesthetics and the philosophy of art, exploring the role that artworks can play in providing us with perceptional knowledge of emotions.

Epistemological Aspects of Simulation Models for Decision Support

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Oscillators ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
The Kuramoto Model

In this paper, the author explores epistemological aspects of simulation with a particular focus on using simulations to provide recommendations to managers and other decision-makers. The author presents formal definitions of knowledge (as justified true belief) and of simulation. The author shows that a simple model, the Kuramoto model of coupled-oscillators, satisfies the simulation definition (and therefore generates knowledge) through a justified mapping from the real world. The author argues that, for more complex models, such a justified mapping requires three techniques: using an appropriate and justified theoretical construct; using appropriate and justified values for model parameters; and testing or other verification processes to ensure that the mapping is correctly defined. The author illustrates these three techniques with experiments and models from the literature, including the Long House Valley model of Axtell et al., the SAFTE model of sleep, and the Segregation model of Wilensky.

The relationship between self and other in aggressive driving and driver behaviors across countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Ersan ◽  
Yeşim Üzümcüoğlu ◽  
Derya Azık ◽  
Gizem Fındık ◽  
Bilgesu Kaçan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Relationship
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