scholarly journals Similarities between Borderline Personality Disorder and Post traumatic Stress Disorder: evidence from Resting-State Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amad ◽  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
Guillaume Vaiva ◽  
SCR Williams ◽  
Thomas Fovet
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common psychiatric disorders. The nature of the relationship between BPD and PTSD remains controversial, but it has been suggested that these disorders should brought closer because of their many similarities. We thus performed a quantitative meta-analysis of resting-state functional imaging to assess similarities in the brain activation across BPD and PTSD diagnostic groups.Overlap analyses revealed decreased activation in the left and right precuneus of both BPD and PTSD groups when compared to control subjects. BPD showed significant increased, but PTSD showed decreased activation, relative to control subjects, in the anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri and in the left superior frontal gyrus. Complementary overlap analyses on a subgroup of studies with similar sex and age distribution partially confirmed the main results as the same pattern of functional activation in the anterior cingulate and in the left superior frontal gyrus were found.Our findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that BPD and PTSD share common neuropathological pathways.

Amygdalar Volume in Borderline Personality Disorder With and Without Comorbid Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-analysis

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. de-Almeida ◽  
Amy Wenzel ◽  
Camila S. de-Carvalho ◽  
Vania B. Powell ◽  
César Araújo-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Amygdalar Volume

AbstractIntroductionFour studies have found a smaller amygdalar volume in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) relative to controls, whereas four other studies have found similar amygdalar volume in BPD patients relative to controls. This study aims to compare amygdalar volumes of BPD patients with controls, and also to compare BPD patients with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with controls in order to determine whether PTSD can explain the heterogeneity of findings.MethodSystematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies that measured amygdalar volumes in BPD patients and healthy controls.FindingsA significant reduction of amygdalar volumes in BPD patients was confirmed (p < .001). However, data from the studies that discriminated BPD patients with and without PTSD indicated that amygdalar volumes were significantly smaller in BPD patients without PTSD relative to controls (left: p = .02; right: p = .05), but not in BPD patients with PTSD relative to controls (left: p = .08; right: p = .20).ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that amygdalar volumes are reduced in patients with BPD. This pattern is confirmed in BPD patients without PTSD, but not in BPD patients with PTSD, raising the possibility that reduced amygdalar volume in BPD patients cannot be explained by comorbid PTSD.

Effects of cortisol on memory in women with borderline personality disorder: role of co-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wingenfeld ◽  
M. Driessen ◽  
K. Terfehr ◽  
N. Schlosser ◽  
S. Carvalho Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundStress and cortisol administration are known to have impairing effects on memory retrieval in healthy humans. These effects are reported to be altered in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but they have not yet been investigated in borderline personality disorder (BPD).MethodIn a placebo-controlled cross-over study, 71 women with BPD and 40 healthy controls received either placebo or 10 mg of hydrocortisone orally before undertaking a declarative memory retrieval task (word list learning) and an autobiographical memory test (AMT). A working memory test was also applied.ResultsOverall, opposing effects of cortisol on memory were observed when comparing patients with controls. In controls, cortisol had impairing effects on memory retrieval whereas in BPD patients cortisol had enhancing effects on memory retrieval of words, autobiographical memory and working memory. These effects were most pronounced for specificity of autobiographical memory retrieval. Patients with BPD alone and those with co-morbid PTSD showed this effect. We also found that co-morbid MDD influenced the cortisol effects: in this subgroup (BPD + MDD) the effects of cortisol on memory were absent.ConclusionsThe present results demonstrate beneficial effects of acute cortisol elevations on hippocampal-mediated memory processes in BPD. The absence of these effects in patients with co-morbid MDD suggests that these patients differ from other BPD patients in terms of their sensitivity to glucocorticoids (GCs).

A Tormented Mind: Clinical and Theoretical Implications of Overwhelming Life Events

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Burges Watson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post Traumatic

A case study illustrates the aim of this paper, which is to discuss the clinical and theoretical implications of adult patients who have experienced extreme or catastrophic stress in their distant past which may not be immediately “recognisable”. A close relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder (as defined in DSM-III-R) is suggested.

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