scholarly journals Artificial light is the main driver of nocturnal feeding by the Rock dove (Columba livia) in urban areas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas M. Leveau
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Nocturnal Feeding

AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most extreme alterations of urban areas, which drives nocturnal activity by diurnal species. Although the Rock Dove (Columba livia) is a common species in urban centers worldwide known to have nocturnal activity in urban areas, it is unknown what is the role of ALAN in its nocturnal activity. Moreover, studies that address the relationship between ALAN and nocturnal activity of diurnal birds are scarce in the Southern hemisphere. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the extent of nocturnal activity in the Rock Dove in large cities of Argentina; and 2) to analyze the influence of ALAN, pedestrian traffic and car traffic on the nocturnal activity in two cities, Buenos Aires and Salta. I visited the most urbanized areas of five large cities in Argentina, and surveyed lighted streets once after 30 minutes after sunset. In Buenos Aires and Salta, I compared environmental conditions between sites were doves were seen feeding with random sites were doves were not recorded feeding. Nocturnal feeding of the Rock Dove was recorded in three of five cities surveyed. ALAN was positively related to nocturnal feeding activity in Salta and Buenos Aires. The results obtained suggest that urbanization promotes a nocturnal activity of the Rock Dove, which occurs in cities located in a vast range of altitudes and biogeographic contexts. Moreover, the nocturnal activity is mainly driven by ALAN, which probably alters the circadian rhythm of doves.

scholarly journals Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) Is the Main Driver of Nocturnal Feral Pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica) Foraging in Urban Areas

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Lucas M. Leveau
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Feral Pigeon ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Nocturnal Foraging

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most extreme environmental alterations in urban areas, which drives nocturnal activity in diurnal species. Feral Pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica), a common species in urban centers worldwide, has been observed foraging at night in urban areas. However, the role of ALAN in the nocturnal activity of this species is unknown. Moreover, studies addressing the relationship between ALAN and nocturnal activity of diurnal birds are scarce in the Southern Hemisphere. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental factors associated with nocturnal activity of the Feral Pigeon in Argentinian cities. Environmental conditions were compared between sites where pigeons were seen foraging and randomly selected sites where pigeons were not recorded foraging. Nocturnal foraging by the Feral Pigeon was recorded in three of four surveyed cities. ALAN was positively related to nocturnal foraging activity in Salta and Buenos Aires. The results obtained suggest that urbanization would promote nocturnal activity in Feral Pigeons. Moreover, nocturnal activity was mainly driven by ALAN, which probably alters the circadian rhythm of pigeons.

URBAN PLANNING STUDY OF THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION CENTRES IN SAMARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Anna V. ZHOGOLEVA ◽  
Anna V. KURIMSHINA ◽  
Anastasia N. FILIMONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multicomponent System ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Different Levels

Planning development of large cities, expansion and agglomeration of urban areas is carried out in close relationship with the development of urban public centers. The object of research in this work is the system of communicative spaces of the modern city - a complex, multicomponent urban structure, elements of which can become urban areas, architectural objects and complexes, Central functions, social and local groups of cities, subjects of urban development, transport and pedestrian connections, objects of transport. To study such a multicomponent system requires a multilevel urban planning, urban, sociological research, the purpose of which is to identify urban planning, communication, cognitive characteristics of urban centers of different levels, the formation of their boundaries and characteristics.

scholarly journals Imaginarios urbanos en áreas protegidas de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
María Belén Loyza ◽  
Ignacio Mariano Azcue Vigil
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Places

Las reservas naturales dentro de las áreas urbanas brindan servicios ecosistémicos a la población y son de gran importancia para lograr la sostenibilidad urbana. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cómo estas áreas protegidas son comprendidas por los habitantes de la ciudad, tomando como caso de estudio la Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata (RNPMdP) y la Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos (BPR), ambas pertenecientes al partido de General Pueyrredon (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Con la finalidad de recuperar aquellos imaginarios urbanos que guían las prácticas de las personas, se recurre a fuentes de información primaria y secundaria, como entrevistas en profundidad y documentos oficiales, utilizando una metodología cualitativa de investigación. El miedo asociado a la naturaleza “salvaje”, la búsqueda de control y orden, la tranquilidad de alejarse de los centros urbanos y refugiarse en lugares del periurbano y las diferentes percepciones sobre la gestión en espacios públicos y privados de naturaleza urbana son algunos de los imaginarios abordados. Tomando en cuenta los problemas de conservación que enfrentan las áreas protegidas urbanas, estudiar cómo son comprendidas es necesario para una correcta gestión ambiental urbana.   Abstract Nature reserves within urban areas provide ecosystem services to the population. They have great importance to achieve urban sustainability. The objective of this article is to analyze how these protected areas are understood by the inhabitants of the city, taking as a case study two reserves located in general Pueyrredon, Buenos Aires, Argentina: “Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata” and “Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos”. In order to recover the urban imaginaries that guide the practices of people, the research bases on aqualitative research methodology, employing primary and secondary information sources, such as in-depth interviews and official documents. The fear associated with the “wild” nature, the search for control and order, the tranquility of moving away from urban centers and taking refuge in peri-urban places and the different perceptions about urban nature management in public and private spaces are some of the imaginary addressed. Taking into consideration the conservation problems faced by urban protected areas, it is important to study how these spaces are understood, for proper urban environmental management.

The Effects of Community Type on the Use and Availability of Marijuana among Illinois Adults

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Bell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Using Data

Previous research on adult marijuana use shows that younger adults, males, unmarried persons, and adults with higher education have the highest usage rates. National studies on adult drug use, furthermore, report that marijuana use is highest in large metropolitan areas. As Fischer (1976) points out, however, younger, unmarried, better educated adults tend to live in large urban centers. Thus, the effects of living in large cities on marijuana use may be an artifact of the demographic composition of large urban areas as suggested by proponents of the compositionalist theory of urban behavior (Fischer, 1976). Using data from a statewide survey of Illinois adults, the effects of community type on ever use, current use, and the availability of marijuana are examined. Logistic multiple regression analyses are used to examine the effects of community type on these use and availability variables after controlling the effects of the socio-demographic characteristics of the adults. The results lend support to Fischer's (1975; 1976) subcultural theory of behavior for both the use and the availability of marijuana.

Impact of E-Commerce on the Urban Landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Sotheeswari Somasundram
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Home Deliveries ◽  
Logistic Chain ◽  
The Impact

Consumers in large cities are projected to contribute 81% to global consumption in 2030 with B2C e-commerce sales growth projected to increase globally by 24% in 2020. The inquiry of the present study is to understand the impact of this growth on the urban landscape. Three key areas influenced by e-commerce which in turn impact the urban landscape, city logistics, warehousing, and retail experience. Rising home deliveries impact city logistics where delivery trucks contribute to traffic congestion and environmental hazards. E-commerce influences locational demand for warehouses differently, depending on the section of the logistic chain. The positive gains include reduced damage to road infrastructures and higher valuation of logistics real estate in urban areas. The final area, retail experience, influences the sustainability of malls in urban areas. Malls in urban centers could remain relevant by reconfiguring retail spaces to accommodate temporary guide stores and pop-up stores instead of anchor tenants.

A Study on the Spatial Relationship between Rural Tourist Destination and Large Cities in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3789-3796
Author(s):  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Large City ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Natural Type ◽  
The City

The paper, with the rural tourist destination as study object, selects 216 distinctive tourist towns (villages) in China as the study sample, explores their spatial relationship with the cities and then sums up the characteristics and regular patterns. Firstly, the paper makes classification of all the tourist towns (villages) based on differences in their tourism resources, divides all the tourist towns (villages) into three types: natural type, cultural type and the integrated type. Secondly, it selects large cities whose population is over 500 thousand as urban samples. By means of GIS mapping analysis tools, quantitative analysis method and other methods, the author makes an analysis of the spatial relationship between distinctive tourist towns (villages) and large cities in the combination of qualitative and quantitative. The result shows that the average Euclidean distance of cultural type tourist towns (villages) to the large urban centers is minimum , the average Euclidean distance of natural type tourist towns (villages) to the large urban centers is maximum ,while the integrated type tourist towns (villages) is the middle between the first two. 93.06% distinctive tourist towns (villages) are scattered within 300 kilometers in Euclidean distance from large urban centers. They are concentrated within 20-40 kilometers (peri-urban areas) and 100-200 kilometers (big cities outlying areas) in Euclidean distance from large city centers. The larger the city is, the more surrounding distinctive tourist towns (villages) the city has.

scholarly journals Centripetal Cities: Using Big Data to Measure Job-Housing Separation Based on Employment-Residence-Commuting Trade-off

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lu ◽  
Chong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Business District

Abstract With the advent of postindustrial society, populations are becoming increasingly concentrated in large cities, especially in urban centers. Here we study the “centripetal city” phenomenon. With many new service-industry jobs concentrated in central cities, people face the trade-off between employment, residence, and commuting. Using multisource big data from Shanghai, China, we develop a new job–housing separation index to reflect the trade-off between employment, housing price and commuting. We demonstrate that residents in central urban areas within a radius of approximately 20 km from the central business district tolerate job–housing separation in exchange for lower housing prices. Recent data indicate that job–housing separation accounts for 20% of housing prices. Our framework outperforms previous metrics, which not only provides a basis for understanding the formation and evolution of spatial structure in large cities, but can also guide wise planning and managing interventions for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Artistas y decoradores en el Teatro Municipal de San Nicolás de los Arroyos a principios del siglo XX

MDCCC 1800 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Murace
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
Opera Houses

In Argentina, by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, several opera houses appeared, in both large cities and small urban centers. One example is the Teatro Muncipal in San Nicolás de los Arroyos, inaugurated on August 10, 1908. This paper analyzes the historical-artistic aspects of the theater and the imaginary it contributed to build in a provincial city at the beginnings of 1900. Some peculiarities of this theatre lead us to highlight alternative routes of artistic circulation, where Buenos Aires is not always the center and where local intermediaries have had preeminence; since a greater dialogue with the city of Rosario than with the nation’s capital was established.

scholarly journals Bird Taxonomic and Functional Diversity in Three Habitats in Buenos Aires City, Argentina

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Florencia E. Curzel ◽  
Lucas M. Leveau
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Buenos Aires City

Urban green spaces (UGS), such as parks and wooded streets, are open areas with vegetation that provide sustainability to urban areas. However, their role in conserving bird diversity in neotropical cities has scarcely been analyzed. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation of bird assemblages in non-wooded streets, wooded streets, and parks in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. We compared the taxonomic and functional diversity between these habitat types. We selected five non-wooded streets, five wooded streets, and five parks in the city. Bird surveys were performed in 100 m long and 50 m wide transects. We found that taxonomic diversity had the greatest value in the parks, followed by wooded streets, and then the non-wooded streets. Functional diversity was similar between habitats. The taxonomic and functional composition changed between habitats. Non-wooded streets were dominated by the Rock Dove (Columba livia) and the Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata), whereas parks had the highest abundance of the Picazuro Pigeon (Patagioenas picazuro) and the Rufous-bellied Thrush (Turdus rufiventris). Non-wooded streets were dominated by omnivorous and granivorous species, whereas parks had a higher abundance of herbivorous and frugivorous species. The positive association between UGS and bird diversity highlights the role of UGS as biodiversity conservation sites in neotropical cities.

scholarly journals iBikeSafe: A Multi-Parameter System for Monitoring, Evaluation and Visualization of Cycling Paths in Smart Cities Targeted at Cycling Adverse Conditions

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1058-1086
Author(s):  
Franklin Oliveira ◽  
Daniel G. Costa ◽  
Luciana Lima ◽  
Ivanovitch Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Large City ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Parameter System ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Real Scenario

The fast transformation of the urban centers, pushed by the impacts of climatic changes and the dramatic events of the COVID-19 Pandemic, will profoundly influence our daily mobility. This resulted scenario is expected to favor adopting cleaner and flexible modal solutions centered on bicycles and scooters, especially as last-mile options. However, as the use of bicycles has rapidly increased, cyclists have been subject to adverse conditions that may affect their health and safety when cycling in urban areas. Therefore, whereas cities should implement mechanisms to monitor and evaluate adverse conditions in cycling paths, cyclists should have some effective mechanism to visualize the indirect quality of cycling paths, eventually supporting choosing more appropriate routes. Therefore, this article proposes a comprehensive multi-parameter system based on multiple independent subsystems, covering all phases of data collecting, formatting, transmission, and processing related to the monitoring, evaluating, and visualizing the quality of cycling paths in the perspective of adverse conditions that affect cyclist. The formal interactions of all modules are carefully described, as well as implementation and deployment details. Additionally, a case study is considered for a large city in Brazil, demonstrating how the proposed system can be adopted in a real scenario.

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