scholarly journals The First Report on Cryptococcus Profiles of Isolates from Patients Attending Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Zwelibanzi Jiyane ◽  
Mis Leah Nemarude ◽  
Maphoshane Nchabeleng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Compromised Patients

ABSTRACTIntroductionCryptococcosis is a fungal opportunistic infection that is vastly diagnosed among immune-compromised patients. Reduced susceptibility on commonly used antifungals is of concern. In the communities served by Dr. George Mukhari Tertiary (DGMT-Laboratory) Laboratory is not available.MethodologyE-test method was used to determine if isolates with reduced susceptibility to antifungals fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin-B had emerged. A multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to further identify serotypes that are circulating at Dr. George Mukhari Tertiary (DGMT-Hospital) Hospital.ResultsE-test strips were interpreted as resistance, intermediate or susceptible in relation to each serotype identified. Of the 50 incident isolates tested, 100% were inhibited by both voriconazole and amphotericin-B. Fluconazole was resistance to 50% of incident isolates.ConclusionC. neoformansserotype A is the predominant serotype in the area served by DGMT-Laboratory, accounting for 96% of the isolates. It is important for public health to continuously monitor resistance emergence.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Pediatric Herpesvirus Infections of the Central Nervous System by a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay and Intrathecal Antibodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Sibel Yavru ◽  
Mehmet Özdemir ◽  
Bahadır Feyzioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hsv 1

Abstract Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) viral infections are a serious problem requiring accurate diagnosis and treatment. Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are an important cause of these infections. Recent research has focused on new diagnostic methods allowing accurate and rapid identification of viral infections because there are still diagnostic difficulties for these infections. This study was done to determine the etiologic role of human herpes viruses and to obtain information that will contribute to the diagnostic algorithm in suspected cases of viral encephalitis or aseptic meningitis. Materials and Methods In our study, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and HHV-6 DNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in CSF and serum by EIA in pediatric encephalitis/meningitis cases. Results HSV-1 and VZV were detected in 5 and 3.3% of aseptic meningitis cases, respectively, but no encephalitis cases. Other viruses were not identified as etiologic agents. The seroprevalences were determined as 72.4, 34.3, 81.9, 93.3, 88.6, and 80.9%, respectively for HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV, EBV, and HHV-6. The performance of specific IgG CSF/serum antibody index (AI) was not satisfactory. Conclusion Our study indicates that the multiplex PCR method is the most suitable for the diagnosis of CNS infections caused by HHVs. However, due to the high cost of the PCR method, the positive results of the specific AI may be significant, but the negative results are unreliable, especially in limited health care facilities.

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction using ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide for distinguishing viable and dead cells of arcobacters in biofilm

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Hrušková ◽  
Petra Mot’ková ◽  
Jarmila Vytřasová
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Propidium Monoazide ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Ethidium Monoazide ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This paper concerns the formation of biofilm in bacteria of the genus Arcobacter. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was introduced and optimized for detecting biofilm while using the intercalating dyes ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA), first for analysis of strains of the genus Arcobacter from a collection, and then applied to samples of prepared biofilms. The results of the study indicate considerable variability among species of bacteria within the genus Arcobacter. The EMA–PMA PCR method can distinguish viable cells from dead cells and is therefore suitable for determining the viability of cells.

Virus respiratoires dans les pneumonies associées aux soins

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
P. Loubet ◽  
G. Voiriot ◽  
M. Neuville ◽  
B. Visseaux ◽  
J.-F. Timsit
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biologie Moléculaire ◽  
Mise En Œuvre ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Infection Bactérienne

Les pneumonies acquises à l’hôpital (PAH) sont fréquentes. À l’ère des techniques diagnostiques de biologie moléculaire (multiplex polymerase chain reaction), les rares données disponibles estiment que les virus respiratoires sont impliqués dans 22 à 32 % des épisodes. Les patients immunodéprimés constituent probablement la population la plus à risque. La présentation clinique et radiologique ne diffère pas entre pneumonies bactériennes, virales et mixtes (virus–bactérie). L’excrétion prolongée de virus respiratoires dans les voies aériennes a été rapportée chez les patients immunodéprimés. Elle pourrait promouvoir la co-infection bactérienne, associée à des durées d’hospitalisation prolongées. L’acquisition intrahospitalière a été démontrée chez tous les virus respiratoires. Elle encourage la mise en œuvre et le respect des mesures d’hygiène et de confinement, dans l’objectif de protéger soignants, visiteurs et patients. De nombreux points restent largement méconnus, relatifs aux interactions entre virus respiratoires et pathogènes non viraux, aux périodes d’incubation, ou encore aux durées d’excrétion virale. L’amélioration des techniques diagnostiques et l’accumulation de données épidémiologiques et cliniques devraient permettre de mieux appréhender le rôle des virus respiratoires dans les PAH. Cette meilleure connaissance aidera à rationaliser l’utilisation des tests de détection et facilitera l’interprétation de leurs résultats. Elle guidera aussi le clinicien dans l’utilisation future des nombreuses molécules antivirales actuellement en développement clinique chez l’homme.

Molecular Analysis of Uropathogenic E.coli Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Valadbeigi ◽  
Elham Esmaeeli ◽  
Sobhan Ghafourian ◽  
Abbas Maleki ◽  
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates in Ilam. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 80 UPEC isolates were collected for patients with UTIs during a 6 months period. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) was used to detect the papEF, fimH, iucD, hlyA, fyuA, and ompT genes. Results: The prevalence of fimH, papEF, iucD, fyuA, hlyA, hlyA, and ompT genes were 87.5%, 47.5%, 60%, 67.5%, 27.5%, 47.5% and 71.2%, respectively. Among all of the isolates, 27 profiles were obtained. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the most prevalence was found for fimH, and different distribution of virulence genes suggested different ability of pathogenicity.

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