scholarly journals Identification of neuronal lineages in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system with a novel multi-spectral lineage tracing system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macy W. Veling ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Mike T. Veling ◽  
Christopher Litts ◽  
Nigel Michki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Digital Version ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Lineage Mapping

SUMMARYElucidating cell lineages provides crucial understanding of development. Recently developed sequencing-based techniques enhance the scale of lineage tracing but eliminate the spatial information offered by conventional approaches. Multispectral labeling techniques, such as Brainbow, have the potential to identify lineage-related cells in situ. Here, we report Lineage Tracker Bitbow, a “digital” version of Brainbow that greatly expands the color diversity, and a suite of statistical methods for quantifying the lineage relationship of any two cells. Applying these tools to Drosophila peripheral nervous system, we determined lineage relationship between all neuronal pairs. Based on the refined lineage map, we explored whether distinct cis-regulatory elements are used in controlling the expression of a terminal selector gene in distinct lineage patterns. This study demonstrates LT-Bitbow as an efficient tool for in-situ lineage mapping and its potential in studying molecular mechanisms in the lineage context.

scholarly journals Immune Actions on the Peripheral Nervous System in Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Jessica Aijia Liu ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Chi Wai Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Cellular Changes

Pain can be induced by tissue injuries, diseases and infections. The interactions between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system are primary actions in pain sensitizations. In response to stimuli, nociceptors release various mediators from their terminals that potently activate and recruit immune cells, whereas infiltrated immune cells further promote sensitization of nociceptors and the transition from acute to chronic pain by producing cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators and growth factors. Immune cells not only play roles in pain production but also contribute to PNS repair and pain resolution by secreting anti-inflammatory or analgesic effectors. Here, we discuss the distinct roles of four major types of immune cells (monocyte/macrophage, neutrophil, mast cell, and T cell) acting on the PNS during pain process. Integration of this current knowledge will enhance our understanding of cellular changes and molecular mechanisms underlying pain pathogenies, providing insights for developing new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals KAP1-associated transcriptional inhibitory complex regulates C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis via miR-133a repression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialing Zhang ◽  
Chaoju Hua ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Peng Wei ◽  
Yaping Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
C2c12 Myoblasts ◽  
Regulatory Machinery ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Biogenesis Of Mitochondria

Abstract The differentiation of myoblasts plays a key role in the growth of biological individuals and the reconstruction of muscle tissue. Several microRNAs are significantly upregulated during the differentiation of myoblasts and their target genes have been explored. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of microRNAs remain elusive. In the present study, we found that the expression of miR-133a is increased during the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. miR-133a mimic is sufficient to induce the biogenesis of mitochondria and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts whereas miR-133a inhibitor abolishes cell differentiation. Using CRISPR affinity purification in situ of regulatory elements (CAPTURE) technique, we further dissected the regulatory mechanisms of miR-133a expression and found that KAP1-associated transcription complex accounts for the suppression of miR-133a in C2C12 myoblasts. Knockdown of KAP1 increased the expression of miR-133a, which contributed to the biogenesis of mitochondria and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. To our knowledge, this is the first study using the CAPTURE technology to identify the regulatory factors of miR-133a during cell differentiation, which may provide new ideas for understanding the precision regulatory machinery of microRNAs during different biological processes.

scholarly journals Adult Neurogenesis in Peripheral Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisheng Liu ◽  
Xiaosong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Nerve Staining

AbstractAlthough postnatal neurogenesis has been discovered in some regions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), only indirect evidences indicated that some progenitors in the adult sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) serve as a source of newly born sensory neurons. Here, we report the discovery of neurons and neuronal stem cells in the adult rat sciatic nerve. Lineage tracing detected a population of sciatic nerve neurons as progeny of adult neuronal stem cells. With the further finding of labeled DRG neurons in adult transgenic rats with local sciatic nerve staining, we propose a model of adult neurogenesis in the sciatic nerve in which neuronal stem cells in sciatic nerve mature as sensory neurons in adults along the sciatic nerve to DRG. This hypothesis provides a new way to understand sensory formation in adults. Those neuronal stem cells in the sciatic nerve may help to therapy of nerve trauma and disease in the future.

scholarly journals Identification of Neuronal Lineages in the Drosophila Peripheral Nervous System with a “Digital” Multi-spectral Lineage Tracing System

Cell Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 3303-3312.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macy W. Veling ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Mike T. Veling ◽  
Christopher Litts ◽  
Nigel Michki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Lineage Tracing

The Role of Peripheral Nervous System in Colour Changes of Bufo Arenarum Hensel

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
A. O. M. STOPPANI ◽  
P. F. PIERONI ◽  
A. J. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Stimulation of the peripheral nerves of Bufo arenarum Hensel produces a partial paling of the skin due to concentration of pigment in the intracutaneous melanophores, and dispersion of guanin-granules in the guanophores. This effect is attributed to the liberation in situ of an adrenergic-like substance. Noradrenalin and the cutaneous secretion (which contains adrenalin and active bases) play no part in the blanching of the skin. 2. The nervous system plays a secondary role in the paling of the skin which follows hypophysectomy. 3. There is no evidence that stimulation of the peripherai nervous system is essential for the colour changes of B. arenarum.

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease by Network and Pathway Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Min Zhong ◽  
Qing Luo ◽  
Ting Ye ◽  
XiDan Zhu ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Tooth Disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is the most common clinical genetic disease of the peripheral nervous system. Although many studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenesis of CMT, few focuses on achieving a systematic analysis of biology to decode the underlying pathological molecular mechanisms and the mechanism of its disease remains to be elucidated. So our study may provide further useful insights into the molecular mechanisms of CMT based on a systematic bioinformatics analysis. In the current study, by reviewing the literatures deposited in PUBMED, we identified 100 genes genetically related to CMT. Then, the functional features of the CMT-related genes were examined by R software and KOBAS, and the selected biological process crosstalk was visualized with the software Cytoscape. Moreover, CMT specific molecular network analysis was conducted by the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) Algorithm. The biological function enrichment analysis suggested that myelin sheath, axon, peripheral nervous system, mitochondrial function, various metabolic processes, and autophagy played important roles in CMT development. Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption were significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway network, suggesting that these pathways may play key roles in CMT occurrence and development. According to the crosstalk, the biological processes could be roughly divided into a correlative module and two separate modules. MCODE clusters showed that in top 3 clusters, 13 of CMT-related genes were included in the network and 30 candidate genes were discovered which might be potentially related to CMT. The study may help to update the new understanding of the pathogenesis of CMT and expand the potential genes of CMT for further exploration.

scholarly journals P-element mutations affecting embryonic peripheral nervous system development in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 1663-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kania ◽  
A Salzberg ◽  
M Bhat ◽  
D D'Evelyn ◽  
Y He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
P Element ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Element Insertion ◽  
Complementation Groups

Abstract The Drosophila embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS) is an excellent model system to study the molecular mechanisms governing neural development. To identify genes controlling PNS development, we screened 2000 lethal P-element insertion strains. The PNS of mutant embryos was examined using the neural specific marker MAb 22C10, and 92 mutant strains were retained for further analysis. Genetic and cytological analysis of these strains shows that 42 mutations affect previously isolated genes that are known to be required for PNS development: longitudinals lacking (19), mastermind (15), numb (4), big brain (2), and spitz (2). The remaining 50 mutations were classified into 29 complementation groups and the P-element insertions were cytologically mapped. The mutants were classified in five major classes on the basis of their phenotype: gain of neurons, loss of neurons, organizational defects, pathfinding defects and morphological defects. Herein we report the preliminary phenotypic characterization of each of these complementation groups as well as the embryonic lacZ expression pattern of each P-element strain. Our analysis indicates that in most of the P-element insertion strains, the lacZ reporter gene is not expressed in the developing PNS.

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