scholarly journals Monitoring soil microorganisms with community-level physiological profiles using Biolog EcoPlates™ in Chaohu lakeside wetland, east China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Teng ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Huiling Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Cao ◽  
Xiaoniu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Biolog Ecoplates ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUnder the circumstance of wetland degradation, we used Biolog EcoPlates™ method to investigate the impact of ecological restoration on the function of topsoil microbial communities by monitoring their metabolic diversity around Chaohu lakeside wetland. Four restoration patterns including reed shoaly land (RL), poplar plantation land (PL), abandoned shoaly grassland (GL) and cultivated flower land (FL) were selected. The result showed a rapid growth trend at the initial stage of incubation, following the fastest change rate at 72 h in both dormant and growing seasons, and the AWCD values of RL pattern was the highest at the detection points of each culture time, while the GL were the lowest. The calculation of diversity indicators also displayed significant lower McIntosh index in dormant season and Shannon-Wiener index in growing season in GL than in the others (P < 0.05). Carbohydrates and carboxylic acids were found to be the dominant substrates used in dormant season, whereas amino acids, polymers and phenolic acids were increasingly utilized by the microbial communities in growing season. We observed soil total potassium as the key factor that significantly affected the utilization efficiency of different carbon sources in both seasons (P < 0.05).

The Formation of Traumatic Rows of Resin Ducts in Larix Decidua and Picea Abies (Pinaceae) as a Result of Wounding Experiments in the Dormant Season

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Gärtner ◽  
Ingo Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Wound Reaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations

Wounding experiments, imitating the impact of geomorphic processes such as rock fall, were performed on Larix decidua Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst., before the beginning and at the end of the growing season. This was done to evaluate the timing and spread of traumatic rows of resin ducts (TDs) as a result of wounding during dormancy, when most mass movements occur. All treatments were successful in inducing TDs. However, a high inter- and intra-species variability concerning the timing and position of the TDs was noted. In larch, TDs were formed as first cells after wounding (immediate reaction) only in the vicinity of the wound. In contrast, none of the spruce trees exhibited immediate reactions. Neither larch nor spruce formed continuous TDs around the stem. TDs in larch were more extensive if, in addition, stems were bent before the growing season. In contrast, spruce showed this reaction when bent at the end of the growing season. The results indicate that the varying lengths of the growing seasons at different geographical locations need to be taken into account before an immediate wound reaction can be clearly defined, if an increase of the reliability and accuracy of process reconstructions is aimed for.

scholarly journals Facilitation Effects of Haloxylon salicornicum Shrubs on Associated Understory Annuals, and a Modified “Stress-Gradient” Hypothesis for Droughty Times

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Nasr H. Gomaa ◽  
Ahmad K. Hegazy ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haloxylon Salicornicum

Perennial shrub-annual plant interactions play key roles in desert regions influencing the structure and dynamics of plant communities there. In the present study, carried out in northwestern Saudi Arabia, we examined the effect of Haloxylon salicornicum shrubs on their associated understory annual species across four consecutive growing seasons, along with a record of the seasonal rainfall patterns. We measured density and species richness of all the annual species in permanent quadrats located beneath individual shrubs, as well as in the spaces between shrubs. During wet growing season H. salicornicum shrubs significantly enhanced the density and species richness of sub-canopy species, whereas in the relatively dry seasons they exerted negative effects on the associated species. In all growing seasons, the presence of shrubs was associated with enhanced soil properties, including increased organic carbon content, silt + clay, and levels of nutrients (N, P and K). Shrubs improved soil moisture content beneath their canopies in the wet growing season, while in the dry seasons they had negative effects on water availability. Differences in effects of H. salicornicum on understory plants between growing seasons seem due to the temporal changes in the impact of shrubs on water availability. Our results suggest the facilitative effects of shrubs on sub-canopy annuals in arid ecosystems may switch to negative effects with increasing drought stress. We discuss the study in light of recent refinements of the well-known “stress-gradient hypothesis”.

Assessing the impact of seasonal precipitation and temperature on vegetation in a grass-dominated rangeland

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Chen ◽  
Keith T. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Changes in vegetation are affected by many climatic factors and have been successfully monitored through satellite remote sensing over the past 20 years. In this study, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite, was selected as an indicator of change in vegetation. Monthly MODIS composite NDVI at a 1-km resolution was acquired throughout the 2004–09 growing seasons (i.e. April–September). Data describing daily precipitation and temperature, primary factors affecting vegetation growth in the semiarid rangelands of Idaho, were derived from the Surface Observation Gridding System and local weather station datasets. Inter-annual and seasonal fluctuations of precipitation and temperature were analysed and temporal relationships between monthly NDVI, precipitation and temperature were examined. Results indicated NDVI values observed in June and July were strongly correlated with accumulated precipitation (R2 >0.75), while NDVI values observed early in the growing season (May) as well as late in the growing season (August and September) were only moderately related with accumulated precipitation (R2 ≥0.45). The role of ambient temperature was also apparent, especially early in the growing season. Specifically, early growing-season temperatures appeared to significantly affect plant phenology and, consequently, correlations between NDVI and accumulated precipitation. It is concluded that precipitation during the growing season is a better predictor of NDVI than temperature but is interrelated with influences of temperature in parts of the growing season.

scholarly journals Assessing the Microbial Communities in Four Different Daqusby Using PCR-DGGE, PLFA, and Biolog Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
YUXI LING ◽  
WENYING LI ◽  
TONG TONG ◽  
ZUMING LI ◽  
QIAN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Biolog Ecoplates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Plfa Analysis

Daqu made from raw wheat, barley or pea is used as an inoculum for the fermentation of Chinese Baijiu. In this study, the microbial communities of four different types of Daqus (sauce-flavor Wuling Daqu, sauce and strong-flavor Baisha Daqu, strong-flavor Deshan Daqu, and light-flavor Niulanshan Daqu) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, and Biolog EcoPlates analysis (Biolog). Clear differences were seen between the microbial communities of the four Daqus. PCR-DGGE showed differences in the number and brightness of bands between the Daqus, indicating the presence of unique bacterial species in Deshan Daqu, Wuling Daqu, and Niulanshan Daqu. Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, and some unclassified bacteria were unique to Wuling Daqu, Deshan Daqu, and Niulanshan Daqu, respectively. Moreover, some bacterial species were observed in all four Daqus. A total of 26 PLFAs between C12 to C20 were detected from the four Daqus by PLFA analysis. Wuling Daqu had the highest total and fungal biomasses, Baisha Daqu had the highest bacterial biomass, and Niulanshan Daqu had the highest ratio of fungal biomass to bacterial biomass. The Biolog results indicated differences in the carbon source use and mode of the four Daqus, and also demonstrated that each Daqu had varying abilities to utilize different types of carbon sources. The cluster analysis of the three methods showed that the microbial communities of the four Daqus were different. This study also demonstrates the applicability of the three analytical methods in the evaluating of the microbial communities of Daqus.

scholarly journals Microbial Ecology of Artisanal Feta and Kefalograviera Cheeses, Part I: Bacterial Community and Its Functional Characteristics with Focus on Lactic Acid Bacteria as Determined by Culture-Dependent Methods and Phenotype Microarrays

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Markella Tsigkrimani ◽  
Magdalini Bakogianni ◽  
Spiros Paramithiotis ◽  
Loulouda Bosnea ◽  
Eleni Pappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Biolog Ecoplates ◽  
Feta Cheese ◽  
Main Carbon Source ◽  
Early Ripening

Artisanal cheesemaking is still performed using practices and conditions derived from tradition. Feta and Kefalograviera cheeses are very popular in Greece and have met worldwide commercial success. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding their lactic acid microecosystem composition and species dynamics during ripening. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the microecosystem as well as the autochthonous lactic acid microbiota during the ripening of artisanal Feta and Kefalograviera cheeses. For that purpose, raw sheep’s milk intended for cheesemaking, as well as Feta and Kefalograviera cheeses during early and late ripening were analyzed, and the lactic acid microbiota was identified using the classical phenotypic approach, clustering with PCR-RAPD and identification with sequencing of the 16S-rRNA gene, as well as with the Biolog GEN III microplates. In addition, the functional properties of the bacterial community were evaluated using the Biolog EcoPlates, which consists of 31 different carbon sources. In general, concordance between the techniques used was achieved. The most frequently isolated species from raw sheep’s milk were Enteroroccus faecium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The microecosystem of Feta cheese in the early ripening stage was dominated by Lp. plantarum and E. faecium, whereas, in late ripening, the microecosystem was dominated by Weissella paramesenteroides. The microecosystem of Kefalograviera cheese in the early ripening stage was dominated by Levilactobacillus brevis and E. faecium, and in late ripening by W. paramesenteroides and E. faecium. Finally, Carbohydrates was the main carbon source category that metabolized by all microbial communities, but the extent of their utilization was varied. Kefalograviera samples, especially at early ripening, demonstrated higher metabolic activity compared to Feta cheese. However, dominating species within microbial communities of the cheese samples were not significantly different.

Season and intensity of whole-tree harvesting influence regeneration in the oak–pine type

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McMinn ◽  
Wade L. Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree

Oak–pine stands in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were whole-tree harvested to 10-cm and 2.5-cm lower dbh limits in both the dormant and early growing seasons. Pine natural regeneration and hardwood coppice were observed through five growing seasons. Dormant-season harvesting resulted in pine stocking of over 90% and 60% for the 2.5-cm and 10-cm limit, respectively. Growing-season harvesting resulted in initial pine stocking of less than 15%. Initial coppice coverage was greatest after dormant-season harvesting, but due to pine competition was approximately equal to the growing-season harvest coverage after 5 years. Residual stems with total basal areas less than 7 m2/ha after 10-cm limit cutting suppressed growth of both the pine regeneration and the hardwood coppice. Results demonstrate that modifications in harvesting alone can substantially influence subsequent species composition and stand development.

scholarly journals The impact of plant density on the seed yield and the spring field pea’s yield component

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Goran Krizmanić ◽  
Tihomir Čupić ◽  
Snežana V. Jovanović ◽  
Monika Marković ◽  
Andrija Brkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Impact

The spring field pea is one of the most important coarse legumes. This study was carried out to investigate the response of a spring field pea variety to three plant densities (50, 100, and 150 plant m-2) during the 2017 and 2019 growing seasons in eastern Croatia. The field study was set up as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replications. The results have demonstrated a significant effect of the plant densities and the growing seasons on the seed yield and on the following yield components: plant height and the number of pods/plant. The effect of plant densities on the number of seeds/pod and the thousand-seed weight was not significant. As for a growing season, the highest seed yield, plant height, the number of pods/plant were obtained in the second growing season. Furthermore, a maximum seed yield was recorded at the 150-plant m-2 plant density. This study has demonstrated that planting the spring field pea at different plant densities significantly modifies the spring field pea yield, plant height and number of pods/plant.

scholarly journals Patterns of Change in Metabolic Capabilities of Sediment Microbial Communities in River and Lake Ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Oest ◽  
Ali Alsaffar ◽  
Mitchell Fenner ◽  
Dominic Azzopardi ◽  
Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Biolog Ecoplates

Information on the biodegradation potential of lake and river microbial communities is essential for watershed management. The water draining into the lake ecosystems often carries a significant amount of suspended sediments, which are transported by rivers and streams from the local drainage basin. The organic carbon processing in the sediments is executed by heterotrophic microbial communities, whose activities may vary spatially and temporally. Thus, to capture and apprehend some of these variabilities in the sediments, we sampled six sites: three from the Saint Clair River (SC1, SC2, and SC3) and three from Lake Saint Clair in the spring, summer, fall, and winter of 2016. Here, we investigated the shifts in metabolic profiles of sediment microbial communities, along Saint Clair River and Lake Saint Clair using Biolog EcoPlates, which test for the oxidation of 31 carbon sources. The number of utilized substrates was generally higher in the river sediments (upstream) than in the lake sediments (downstream), suggesting a shift in metabolic activities among microbial assemblages. Seasonal and site-specific differences were also found in the numbers of utilized substrates, which were similar in the summer and fall, and spring and winter. The sediment microbial communities in the summer and fall showed more versatile substrate utilization patterns than spring and winter communities. The functional fingerprint analyses clearly distinguish the sediment microbial communities from the lake sites (downstream more polluted sites), which showed a potential capacity to use more complex carbon substrates such as polymers. This study establishes a close linkage between physical and chemical properties (temperature and organic matter content) of lake and river sediments and associated microbial functional activities.

scholarly journals Sowing terms as a way to increase yield of soybean varieties with different vegetation period

1970 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
V.H. Moldovan ◽  
Zh.A. Moldovan ◽  
S.I. Sobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Sowing

Purpose. To study of the influence of sowing terms on plant growth and development, formation of indicators of individual productivity and seed yield by soybean varieties with different vegetation period in conditions of the western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiment, calculation and weight, mathematical statistics. Results. Weather conditions in the years of the research were characterized by high average daily temperatures against the background of uneven distribution of precipitation by phases of soybean development, which together with the studied factor had a significant impact on the growth and development of soybean plants and seed yield formation. It was found that the studied soybean varieties with different growing seasons react differently to growing conditions. The timing of sowing significantly affects the height of attachment of the lower bean, the number of beans per plant and seeds in the bean, the weight of 1000 seeds and the weight of seeds per 1 plant. However, they have almost no effect on the number of seeds in the bean. It was investigated that the soybean variety Diadema Podillya forms the highest yields at the optimal and late sowing dates, while the soybean of the KiVin, Knyazhna, Khutoryanochka and Triada varieties – at the late sowing period (second decade of May). The increase in seed yield compared to sowing in the optimal time (first decade of May) was 6.6%, 3.1%, 13.8% and 9.6%, respectively. Conclusions. Sowing terms in interaction with the weather conditions of the growing season, have a significant impact on the formation of indicators of individual productivity and seed yield of soybean varieties with different growing seasons. That is why in the conditions of climate change, uneven moisture supply during the growing season and the emergence of new varieties it is advisable to continue research to study the impact of sowing dates, in interaction with other factors, on the formation of individual productivity and yield of soybean seeds.

scholarly journals Narrowband Blue and Red LED Supplements Impact Key Flavor Volatiles in Hydroponically Grown Basil Across Growing Seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter A. Hammock ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
The Impact

The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in commercial greenhouse production is rapidly increasing because of technological advancements, increased spectral control, and improved energy efficiency. Research is needed to determine the value and efficacy of LEDs in comparison to traditional lighting systems. The objective of this study was to establish the impact of narrowband blue (B) and red (R) LED lighting ratios on flavor volatiles in hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. “Genovese”) in comparison to a non-supplemented natural light (NL) control and traditional high-pressure sodium (HPS) lighting. “Genovese” basil was chosen because of its high market value and demand among professional chefs. Emphasis was placed on investigating concentrations of important flavor volatiles in response to specific ratios of narrowband B/R LED supplemental lighting (SL) and growing season. A total of eight treatments were used: one non-supplemented NL control, one HPS treatment, and six LED treatments (peaked at 447 nm/627 nm, ±20 nm) with progressive B/R ratios (10B/90R, 20B/80R, 30B/70R, 40B/60R, 50B/50R, and 60B/40R). Each SL treatment provided 8.64 mol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ d–1 (100 μmol ⋅ m–2 ⋅ s–1, 24 h ⋅ d–1). The daily light integral (DLI) of the NL control averaged 9.5 mol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ d–1 during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 18 mol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ d–1). Relative humidity averaged 50%, with day/night temperatures averaging 27.4°C/21.8°C, respectively. Basil plants were harvested 45 days after seeding, and volatile organic compound profiles were obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total terpenoid concentrations were dramatically increased during winter months under LED treatments, but still showed significant impacts during seasons with sufficient DLI and spectral quality. Many key flavor volatile concentrations varied significantly among lighting treatments and growing season. However, the concentrations of some compounds, such as methyl eugenol, were three to four times higher in the control and decreased significantly for basil grown under SL treatments. Maximum concentrations for each compound varied among lighting treatments, but most monoterpenes and diterpenes evaluated were highest under 20B/80R to 50B/50R. This study shows that supplemental narrowband light treatments from LED sources may be used to manipulate secondary metabolic resource allocation. The application of narrowband LED SL has great potential for improving overall flavor quality of basil and other high-value specialty herbs.

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