scholarly journals Evolution and genetic architecture of disassortative mating at a locus under heterozygote advantage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Maisonneuve ◽  
Mathieu Chouteau ◽  
Mathieu Joron ◽  
Violaine Llaurens
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Disassortative Mating ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Trait Locus

AbstractThe evolution of mate preferences may depend on natural selection acting on the mating cues and on the underlying genetic architecture. While the evolution of assortative mating with respect to locally adapted traits has been well-characterized, the evolution of disassortative mating is poorly characterized. Here we aim at understanding the evolution of disassortative mating for traits under strong balancing selection, by focusing on polymorphic mimicry as an illustrative example. Positive frequency-dependent selection exerted by predators generates local selection on wing patterns acting against rare variants and promoting local monomorphism. This acts across species boundaries, favouring Mullerian mimicry among defended species. In this well-characterized adaptive landscape, polymorphic mimicry is rare but is observed in a butterfly species, associated with polymorphic chromosomal inversions. Because inversions are often associated with recessive deleterious mutations, we hypothesize they may induce heterozygote advantage at the color pattern locus, putatively favoring the evolution of disassortative mating. To explore the conditions underlying the emergence of disassortative mating, we modeled both a trait locus (colour pattern for instance), subject to mutational load, and a preference locus. We confirm that heterozygote advantage favors the evolution of disassortative mating and show that disassortative mating is more likely to emerge if at least one allele at the trait locus is free from any recessive deleterious mutations. We modelled different possible genetic architectures underlying mate choice behaviour, such as self referencing alleles, or specific preference or rejection alleles. Our results showed that self referencing or rejection alleles linked to the color pattern locus can be under positive selection and enable the emergence of disassortative mating. However rejection alleles allow the emergence of disassortative mating only when the color pattern and preference loci are tightly linked. Our results therefore provide relevant predictions on both the selection regimes and the genetic architecture favoring the emergence of disassortative mating and a theoretical framework in which to interprete empirical data on mate preferences in wild populations.

scholarly journals Convergent morphology and divergent phenology: unravelling the coexistence of mimetic Morpho butterfly species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Le Roy ◽  
Camille Roux ◽  
Elisabeth Authier ◽  
Héloïse Bastide ◽  
Vincent Debat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wing Colour ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Interspecific Territoriality ◽  
Local Selection

AbstractThe emergence and persistence of closely-related species in sympatry is puzzling because the potential gene flow and the common local selective pressures may lead to either merging or competitive exclusion. Some species of Morpho butterflies occurring in sympatry display highly similar wing colour patterns. Associated with erratic flight abilities, their bright colouration may limit predator success and discourage future attacks. The evolution of similar colouration in sympatric species is thus likely under local selection by predators (i.e. escape mimicry). Such phenotypic similarity may promote interspecific territoriality and/or reproductive interference, questioning how closely-related co-mimetic species become sexually isolated and coexist in sympatry. We performed a series of field experiments using flying Morpho dummies placed in a natural habitat where wild males commonly patrol. Analysing the interactions of wild Morpho with different dummies, we show that similarity in wing colour pattern leads to interspecific territoriality and courtship among sympatric species. Using genomic data, we then showed that sympatric Morpho species are surprisingly strictly isolated despite their close relatedness and the observed heterospecific interactions. Finally, using a mark-recapture experiment, we discovered a strong temporal segregation in patrolling activity of males from two co-mimetic sister species. Such divergence in phenology may favour sympatry between closely-related species, despite behavioural interferences induced by the local convergence in colour pattern. Altogether, our findings show that temporal segregation may facilitate the co-existence of closely-related species sharing the same ecological niche, suggesting that phenological shifts may represent an overlooked factor of sympatric speciation. Our study therefore highlights how the evolution of multiple traits may favour species diversification in sympatry by partitioning niche in different dimensions.

scholarly journals Evolution and genetic architecture of disassortative mating at a locus under heterozygote advantage

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Maisonneuve ◽  
Mathieu Chouteau ◽  
Mathieu Joron ◽  
Violaine Llaurens
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Disassortative Mating

scholarly journals Convergence in sympatry: evolution of blue-banded wing pattern in Morpho butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Llaurens ◽  
Y Le Poul ◽  
A Puissant ◽  
C Noûs ◽  
P Blandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractSpecies interactions such as mimicry can promote trait convergence but disentangling this effect from those of shared ecology, evolutionary history and niche conservatism is often challenging. Here by focusing on wing color pattern variation within and between three butterfly species living in sympatry in a large proportion of their range, we tested the effect of species interactions on trait diversification. These butterflies display a conspicuous iridescent blue coloration on the dorsal side of their wings and a cryptic brownish colour on the ventral side. Combined with an erratic and fast flight, these color patterns increase the difficulty of capture by predators and contribute to the high escape abilities of these butterflies. We hypothesize that, beyond their direct contribution to predator escape, these wing patterns can be used as signals of escape abilities by predators, resulting in positive frequency-dependent selection favouring convergence in wing pattern in sympatry. To test this hypothesis, we quantified dorsal wing pattern variations of 723 butterflies from the three species sampled throughout their distribution, including sympatric and allopatric situations and compared the phenotypic distances between species, sex and localities. We detected a significant effect of localities on colour pattern, and higher inter-specific resemblance in sympatry as compared to allopatry, consistent with the hypothesis of local convergence of wing patterns. Our results provide some support to the existence of escape mimicry in the wild and stress the importance of estimating trait variation within species to understand trait variation between species, and to a larger extent, trait diversification at the macro-evolutionary scale.

scholarly journals When do opposites attract? A model uncovering the evolution of disassortative mating

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Claude Maisonneuve ◽  
Thomas Beneteau ◽  
Mathieu Joron ◽  
Charline Smadi ◽  
Violaine Llaurens
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Viability Selection ◽  
Disassortative Mating ◽  
Model Match ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Mating Opportunities

AbstractDisassortative mating is a rare form of mate preference that promotes the persistence of polymorphism. While the evolution of assortative mating, and its consequences on trait variation and speciation have been extensively studied, the conditions enabling the evolution of disassortative mating are still poorly understood. Mate preferences increase the risk of missing mating opportunities, a cost that can be compensated by a greater fitness of offspring. Heterozygote advantage should therefore promote the evolution of disassortative mating, which maximizes the number of heterozygous offspring. From the analysis of a two-locus diploid model, with one locus controlling the mating cue under viability selection and the other locus coding for the level of disassortative preference, we show that heterozygote advantage and negative frequency-dependent viability selection acting at the cue locus promote the fixation of disassortative preferences. The conditions predicted to enable the evolution of disassortative mating in our model match the selection regimes acting on traits subject to disassortative mating behavior in the wild. In sharp contrast with the evolution of assortative preferences, we also show that disassortative mating generates a negative frequency-dependent sexual selection, which in turn disadvantages heterozygotes at the cue locus, limiting the evolution of disassortative preferences. This negative feedback loop could explain why this behavior is rare in natural populations.

scholarly journals Evolution of the wave: aerodynamic and aposematic functions of butterfly wing motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1612) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Srygley
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Motion ◽  
Heliconius Cydno

Many unpalatable butterfly species use coloration to signal their distastefulness to birds, but motion cues may also be crucial to ward off predatory attacks. In previous research, captive passion-vine butterflies Heliconius mimetic in colour pattern were also mimetic in motion. Here, I investigate whether wing motion changes with the flight demands of different behaviours. If birds select for wing motion as a warning signal, aposematic butterflies should maintain wing motion independently of behavioural context. Members of one mimicry group ( Heliconius cydno and Heliconius sapho ) beat their wings more slowly and their wing strokes were more asymmetric than their sister-species ( Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato , respectively), which were members of another mimicry group having a quick and steady wing motion. Within mimicry groups, wing beat frequency declined as its role in generating lift also declined in different behavioural contexts. In contrast, asymmetry of the stroke was not associated with wing beat frequency or behavioural context—strong indication that birds process and store the Fourier motion energy of butterfly wings. Although direct evidence that birds respond to subtle differences in butterfly wing motion is lacking, birds appear to generalize a motion pattern as much as they encounter members of a mimicry group in different behavioural contexts.

scholarly journals Opistognathus albicaudatus, a new species of jawfish (Teleostei: Opistognathidae) from the Andaman Islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3085 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM F. SMITH-VANIZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
A New Species

A new species of jawfish, Opistognathus albicaudatus, is described based on two specimens, 91.4–94.8 mm SL, from the Andaman Islands. The combination of an elongate upper jaw produced as thin flexible lamina, and a unique colour pattern consisting of an abruptly white caudal fin and gill arches with a series of 8–10 small dark spots, each near the base of a gill raker, distinguishes the new species from other congeners. Based on morphological similarity and general color pattern, the new species seems to be most closely related to Opistognathus variabilis.These two species appear to have allopatric distributions. A range extension for O. cyanospilotus is also reported.

scholarly journals Choosy Wolves? Heterozygote Advantage But No Evidence of MHC-Based Disassortative Mating

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Galaverni ◽  
Romolo Caniglia ◽  
Pietro Milanesi ◽  
Silvana Lapalombella ◽  
Elena Fabbri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Disassortative Mating

scholarly journals Rapid Characterization of the Genetic Loci Controlling Commodity Traits of Chinese Hami Melon (Cucumis melo var. Saccharinensis Naud.) through Multiplexed Shotgun Genotyping

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Shiming Li ◽  
Xuemei Ni ◽  
Qiuju Xia ◽  
Yunfei Li ◽  
Xiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Rapid Characterization

The genetic architecture and the genetic loci controlling commodity traits in this Hami melon have not been characterized. Multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) was used to genotype an F2 population of 370 Chinese Hami melon progeny. A total of 47,609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained after strict filtering. Thebins were used to construct a genetic linkage map with a total length of 1572.954 cM. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed that fruit color was controlled by one major gene about 2 Mb region on chr09, while exocarp color (EC) was controlled by one major gene about 1.9 Mb on chr04, and skin spotting was controlled by two dominant genes, one in the same region of chr04as the EC QTL and the other in the 1031.05 kb region on chr02. Two major QTLs on chr03 and chr05 were related pleiotropically to several quantitative fruit traits, namely, edge sugar content (ES), center sugar content (CS), fruit weight (FW), and fruit length (FL). A further QTL on chr09 also influenced ES, while five other QTLs affected FL. This study was the first to conduct genetic architecture analysis and QTL mapping in Chinese Hami melon with high-density markers and a large target population.

scholarly journals QTL Analysis for Downy Mildew Resistance in Cucumber Inbred Line PI 197088

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1240-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Li ◽  
Huiqiang He ◽  
Zhirong Zou ◽  
Yuhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Simple Sequence

Downy mildew (DM), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is one of the major foliar diseases prevailing in cucumber-growing areas. The mechanism of DM resistance in cucumber, particularly the plant introduction (PI) 197088 from India, is presently unclear. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is an efficient approach to studying DM resistance genes in cucumber. In this study, we performed QTL mapping for DM resistance in PI 197088 with 183 F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families from the cross between PI 197088 (DM resistant) and Changchunmici (DM susceptible). A linkage map was constructed using 141 simple sequence repeat markers. Phenotypic data were collected from seven independent experiments. In total, five QTL were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and 5 with DM resistance contributed by PI 197088. The QTL on chromosome 4, dm4.1, was reproducibly detected in all indoor experiments, which could explain 27% of the phenotypic variance detected. Additionally, dm1.1 and dm5.2 showed moderate effects, while dm3.1 and dm5.1 were minor-effect QTL. This study revealed the unique genetic architecture of DM resistance in PI 197088, which may provide important guidance for efficient use in cucumber breeding for DM resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document