scholarly journals Shared genetic etiology between obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the population, and insulin signaling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janita Bralten ◽  
Joanna Widomska ◽  
Ward De Witte ◽  
Dongmei Yu ◽  
Carol A. Mathews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractObjectiveObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in the population have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in genetic and epidemiological studies. Insulin signaling has been implicated in OCD. We extend previous work by assessing genetic overlap between OCD, population-based OCS, and central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral insulin signaling.MethodsWe conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the population-based Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, 650 children and adolescents) of the total OCS score and six OCS factors from an exploratory factor analysis of 22 questions. Subsequently, we performed polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis to assess shared genetic etiologies between clinical OCD (using GWAS data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium), the total OCS score and OCS factors. We then performed gene-set analyses with a set of OCD-linked genes centered around CNS insulin-regulated synaptic function and PRS analyses for five peripheral insulin signaling-related traits. For validation purposes, we explored data from the independent Spit for Science population cohort (5047 children and adolescents).ResultsIn the PNC, we found a shared genetic etiology between OCD and ‘impairment’, ‘contamination/cleaning’ and ‘guilty taboo thoughts’. In the Spit for Science cohort, we were able to validate the finding for ‘contamination/cleaning’, and additionally observed genetic sharing between OCD and ‘symmetry/counting/ordering’. The CNS insulin-linked gene-set associated with ‘symmetry/counting/ordering’. We also identified genetic sharing between peripheral insulin signaling-related traits (type 2 diabetes and the blood levels of HbA1C, fasting insulin and 2 hour glucose) and OCD as well as certain OCS.ConclusionsOCD, OCS in the population and insulin-related traits share genetic risk factors, indicating a common etiological mechanism underlying somatic and psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents: a population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analise de Souza Vivan ◽  
Lidiane Rodrigues ◽  
Guilherme Wendt ◽  
Mônica Giaretton Bicca ◽  
Daniela Tusi Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. S76-S93
Author(s):  
Ahsan Nazeer ◽  
Finza Latif ◽  
Aisha Mondal ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Azeem ◽  
Donald E. Greydanus
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

The treatment of magical ideation in two individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Einstein ◽  
Ross G. Menzies ◽  
Tamsen St Clare ◽  
Juliette Drobny ◽  
Fjola Dogg Helgadottir
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractData collected from clinical populations indicate that magical ideation (MI) may play a causal or a mediating role in the expression of obsessive compulsive symptoms. If this is the case then when targeted in treatment, symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) should be altered. Two individuals diagnosed with OCD received a trial treatment targeting magical thinking. The intervention consisted of a series of procedures designed to undermine superstitious/MI without targeting obsessions or compulsions. The procedures involved critical analysis of the following material: (1) a free astrology offer; (2) a horoscope prediction exercise; (3) a description of four different cultural explanations of the origin of fire; (4) an instructive guide for Tarot card readers; (5) a report of a UFO sighting; (6) a video-clip describing a cult festival; (7) a description of a ‘hoax’ channeler and (8) a superstition exercise. Measures of obsessive compulsive symptoms, superstition, MI and thought–action fusion were administered pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3 months’ follow-up. According to the twofold criterion of Jacobson et al. (Behaviour Therapy 1984, 15, 336–352), following treatment the patients were identified as being recovered on measures of magical and superstitious thinking and on the Padua Inventory.

Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms is Related to Self-Directedness Character Trait in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cruz-Fuentes ◽  
Claudia Blas ◽  
Laura Gonzalez ◽  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
Humberto Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Character Inventory

ABSTRACT:Objective:The present study examined the psychobiological Temperament and Character model of personality on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, as well as the relation of temperament and/or character dimensions on the severity of obsessive-compubive symptoms.Methods:Fifty-four subjects diagnosed with OCD, were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale and the Hamilton Rating Scales for depression and anxiety.Results:Compared with controls, OCD subjects displayed increased harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness. Low self-directedness and high Hamilton depression scores were associated with increased severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Conclusions:The Temperament and Character profile of OCD patients characterized in the present stud personality model and can be linked to some of their behavioral features. Furthermore, our data provides support of the influence that some personality traits may have on the severity of OCD symptoms.

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