scholarly journals Continuous theta burst TMS of area MT+ impairs attentive motion tracking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Chakraborty ◽  
Tiffany T. Tran ◽  
Andrew E. Silva ◽  
Deborah Giaschi ◽  
Benjamin Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Area Mt ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

AbstractAttentive motion tracking deficits, measured using multiple object tracking (MOT) tasks, have been identified in a number of visual and neurodevelopmental disorders such as amblyopia and autism. These deficits are often attributed to the abnormal development of high-level attentional networks. However, neuroimaging evidence from amblyopia suggests that reduced MOT performance can be explained by impaired function in motion sensitive area MT+ alone. To test the hypothesis that MT+ plays an important role in MOT, we assessed whether modulation of MT+ activity using continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) influenced MOT performance in participants with normal vision. An additional experiment involving numerosity judgements of MOT stimulus elements was conducted to control for non-specific effects of MT+ cTBS on psychophysical task performance. The MOT stimulus consisted of 4 target and 4 distractor dots and was presented at 10° eccentricity in the right or left hemifield. Functional MRI-guided cTBS was applied to left MT+. Participants (n = 13, age:27 ± 3) attended separate active and sham cTBS sessions where the MOT task was completed before, 5 mins post and 30 mins post cTBS. Active cTBS significantly impaired MOT task accuracy relative to baseline for the right (stimulated) hemifield 5 mins (10 ± 2% reduction; t12 = 1.95, p = 0.03) and 30 mins (14 ± 3% reduction; t12 = 2.96, p = 0.01) post stimulation. No impairment occurred within the left (control) hemifield after active cTBS or for either hemifield after sham cTBS. Numerosity task performance was unaffected by cTBS. These results highlight the importance of lower-level motion processing for MOT and suggest that abnormal function of MT+ alone is sufficient to cause a deficit in MOT task performance.

scholarly journals Continuous theta burst TMS of area MT impairs attentive motion tracking

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Tiffany Tran ◽  
Arijit Chakraborty ◽  
Deborah Giaschi ◽  
Benjamin Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Area Mt ◽  
Theta Burst

scholarly journals Changes in interoceptive processes following brain stimulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1708) ◽  
pp. 20160016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Pollatos ◽  
Beate M. Herbert ◽  
Sandra Mai ◽  
Thomas Kammer
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Heartbeat Evoked Potential ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

The processing and perception of individual internal bodily signals (interoception) has been differentiated to comprise different levels and processes involved. The so-called heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) offers an additional possibility to examine automatic processing of cardiac signals. Knowledge on neural structures potentially supporting different facets of interoception is still sparse. One way to get insights into neuroanatomical function is to manipulate the activity of different brain structures. In this study, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and a continuous theta-burst protocol to inhibit specific central locations of the interoceptive network including the right anterior insula and the right somatosensory cortices and assessed effects on interoceptive facets and the HEP in 18 male participants. Main results were that inhibiting anterior insula resulted in a significant decline in cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAc) and in a consistent decrease in perception confidence. Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over somatosensory cortices reduced only cardiac IAc and affected perception confidence. Inhibiting right anterior insula and right somatosensory cortices increased interoceptive sensibility and reduced the HEP amplitude over frontocentral locations. Our findings strongly suggest that cTBS is an effective tool to investigate the neural network supporting interoceptive processes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

scholarly journals Role of the prefrontal cortex in prosocial and self-maximization motivations: an rTMS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Zinchenko ◽  
Olga Savelo ◽  
Vasily Klucharev
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Prosocial Motives ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractMore than a decade of neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies point to a crucial role for the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) in prosocial behavior. The intuitive prosociality model postulates that the rDLPFC controls intuitive prosocial behavior, whereas the reflective model assumes that the rDLPFC controls selfish impulses during prosocial behavior. The intuitive prosociality model implies that the transient disruption of the rDLPFC should increase voluntary transfers in both dictator and generosity games. In contrast, the reflective model suggests that the transient disruption of the rDLPFC should decrease transfers in the dictator game, without affecting voluntary transfers in the generosity game, in which selfish motives are minimized. The aim of this paper was to compare predictions of the intuitive and reflective models using the classic dictator game and generosity game and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). In this study, two groups of healthy participants (dictators) received either cTBS over the rDLPFC or right extrastriate visual areas. As shown by the results, the transient disruption of the rDLPFC significantly promoted prosocial motives in the dictator game only, particularly in the trials with the lowest dictator’s costs. These findings partially support the notion that the rDLPFC controls intuitive prosocial behavior.

scholarly journals Parietal Cortex Connectivity as a Marker of Shift in Spatial Attention Following Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mariner ◽  
Tobias Loetscher ◽  
Brenton Hordacre
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Non-invasive brain stimulation is a useful tool to probe brain function and provide therapeutic treatments in disease. When applied to the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of healthy participants, it is possible to temporarily shift spatial attention and mimic symptoms of spatial neglect. However, the field of brain stimulation is plagued by issues of high response variability. The aim of this study was to investigate baseline functional connectivity as a predictor of response to an inhibitory brain stimulation paradigm applied to the right PPC. In fourteen healthy adults (9 female, aged 24.8 ± 4.0 years) we applied continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to suppress activity in the right PPC. Resting state functional connectivity was quantified by recording electroencephalography and assessing phase consistency. Spatial attention was assessed before and after cTBS with the Landmark Task. Finally, known determinants of response to brain stimulation were controlled for to enable robust investigation of the influence of resting state connectivity on cTBS response. We observed significant inter-individual variability in the behavioral response to cTBS with 53.8% of participants demonstrating the expected rightward shift in spatial attention. Baseline high beta connectivity between the right PPC, dorsomedial pre-motor region and left temporal-parietal region was strongly associated with cTBS response (R2 = 0.51). Regression analysis combining known cTBS determinants (age, sex, motor threshold, physical activity, stress) found connectivity between the right PPC and left temporal-parietal region was the only significant variable (p = 0.011). These results suggest baseline resting state functional connectivity is a strong predictor of a shift in spatial attention following cTBS. Findings from this study help further understand the mechanism by which cTBS modifies cortical function and could be used to improve the reliability of brain stimulation protocols.

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