scholarly journals Characterizing macroinvertebrate community composition and abundance in freshwater tidal wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Hartman ◽  
Stacy Sherman ◽  
Dave Contreras ◽  
Alison Furler ◽  
Ryan Kok
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Leaf Packs

AbstractRestored tidal wetlands may provide important food web support for at-risk fish species in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) of California, including Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) and Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Since many tidal wetland restoration projects are planned or have recently been constructed in the Delta, understanding the diversity and variability of wetland invertebrates that are fish prey items is of increasing importance. During this study, two different invertebrate sampling techniques were tested (leaf packs and sweep nets) in four habitat types within three different wetland sites to evaluate which sampling technique provided the most reliable metric of invertebrate abundance and community composition. Sweep nets provided a better measure of fish food availability than leaf packs and were better able to differentiate between habitat types. Generalized linear models showed submerged and floating vegetation had higher abundance and species richness than channel habitats or emergent vegetation. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed significantly different communities of invertebrates in different habitat types and in different wetlands, and point-biserial correlation coefficients found a greater number of mobile taxa associated with sweep nets. There were more taxa associated with vegetated habitats than channel habitats, and one region had more taxa associated with it than the other two regions. These results suggest that restoration sites that contain multiple habitat types may enhance fish invertebrate prey diversity and resilience. However, the effect of habitat diversity must be monitored as restoration sites develop to assess actual benefits to at-risk fish species.

Distribution, Abundance, and Resource Utilization of Littoral Zone Fishes in Response to a Nutrient/Production Gradient in Lake Memphremagog

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Gascon ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Gradient Distribution ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Fundulus Diaphanus

The abundance and distribution of six littoral zone fish species (Notropis volucellus, Hybognathus nuchalls, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Pimephales notatus, Fundulus diaphanus, and Etheostoma nigrum) in Lake Memphremagog were influenced directly by a nutrient-driven production gradient existing along the long axis of the lake. The biomass of the six littoral zone fish species was approximately 3 times greater in the more productive southern areas than in the less productive northern areas. Interspecific competition for food was more intense in the less productive northern areas than in the more productive southern areas, and strongly influenced the patterns of food utilization. However, interspecific competition did not appear to play the major role in determining the distribution of the species on the gradient. Distribution of individual species was principally governed by the relative abundance of preferred food resources. The distribution of only one species, Fundulus diaphanus, appeared to be determined primarily by direct competition. Key words: littoral zone, Lake Memphremagog, nutrients, production, resource utilization, fish, food availability

Early Identification of Handicapped Children through a Frequency Sampling Technique

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Magliocca ◽  
Robert T. Rinaldi ◽  
John L. Crew ◽  
Harold P. Kunzelmann
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Academic Behavior ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
School Year ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Frequency Sampling

A pilot study was initiated with three regular preschool classes (65 children) to determine the validity of identifying preschool handicapped children (3½ to 5½ years of age) through a frequency sampling technique. Seven 1 minute samples of academic behavior were developed for 4 year olds and nine 1 minute samples for 5 year olds. The 1 minute samples involved learning tasks all children were expected to achieve during the school year (e.g., matching colors). The frequency of correct responses of each child on the tasks was compared with other students in the school at the same age level. By noting all children performing in the lower 25% of frequency scores, a list of at risk learners was developed. When comparing the list of children identified through the frequency sampling technique with teacher identification of at risk children at the end of the school year, a correlation above .9 was found.

scholarly journals A GIS Framework for Fish Habitat Prediction at the River Basin Scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia S. Meixler ◽  
Mark B. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Stream Quality ◽  
Landscape Attributes

We present a geographic information system (GIS) framework to classify stream habitats and provide fish distribution predictions comprehensively at the landscape scale. Stream segments were classified into one of eighteen habitat types using three landscape attributes: stream size (three categories), stream quality (three categories), and water quality (two categories). An extensive literature search was undertaken to classify fish species into the same eighteen habitat types based on preferences for the three landscape attributes. We tested our framework in 39 sites throughout the upper Allegheny River basin in western New York. No difference was detected between observed and predicted numbers of fish species among stream habitats. Further, field collected bankfull width measurements, stream quality ratings, and water quality sampling results were largely consistent with predicted values. The habitat type expected to have the greatest fish species richness was large streams or small rivers with intact stream quality and suitable water quality. Our framework is rapidly applied, comprehensive, inexpensive, and built on widely available data thereby offering an efficient alternative to traditional field-based efforts for regional habitat classification and fish distribution prediction.

scholarly journals Nutritional status assessment of elderly using MNA tool in rural Belagavi: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4799
Author(s):  
D. J. Patil ◽  
M. M. Shindhe
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Background: Worldwide the elderly population gradually increasing and that will definitely pose several challenges. Malnutrition is one of the major but neglected problem in elderly. They are at risk of malnutrition due to physical, psychological, social, dietary and environmental risk factors. Malnutrition in elderly is associated with adverse health effects. Hence to study the nutritional status of elderly.Methods: The study was carried out between January 2016- June 2017. 545 elderly were included in the study. Out of the 6 subcentres, 1 subcentre (Uchagaon) was selected by simple random sampling technique and house to house survey was carried out to select eligible elderly participants in the villages of selected subcentre. Data was collected from eligible elderly by using mini nutritional assessment (MNA) tool.Results: Majority of the participants (65.1%) were between the age group of 60-69 years. 55% were females. 23.5% were malnourished, 49% were at risk of malnutrition and 27.5% had normal nutritional status.Conclusions: The present study concluded that majority of the elderly were at risk of malnutrition. There is a need of actions to improve the nutritional status of the elderly.

scholarly journals GANGGUAN FUNGSIONAL MENETAP BERPENGARUH PADA RISIKO DEPRESI LANSIA DM DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS JEKAN RAYA KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Agnes Dewi Astuti ◽  
Reny Sulistyowati ◽  
Natalansyah Natalansyah
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Elderly Family

Aging is a a natural process in life. Aging is characterized by loss of slowly ability organ tissue repair itself and  is irreversible. The elderly are the final statge of a person’s life cycle and experience the aging process with change in various physical or physiological, psychological and social aspects (Miller, 2012). Hanges dues to aging eldely comple raises enormous opportunity for the elderly are at risk of depression.  The objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence the risk of depression in elderly at Puskesmas Jekan Raya of Palangka Raya City with descriptive correlational research design using cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this research is by using probability sampling technique that sampling technique giving equal oppurtinity to every individual in the population to be the research sample.The statistical test used was descriptive test and Chi Square test. The result indicate that factors influencing the risk of depression in the elderly is functional impairment were settled with p value= 0,000. Conclusion of the elderly who have other diseases besides DM  settle a vulnerable population at risk of depression. The most dominant factor is the functional disturbances persist  after controlling the variable of age, live event s and other diseases (other than DM) with OR=39. Recommended in elderly nursing decision making in order to improve the health of elderly family based programs to prevent depression in the elderly and especially carring by elderly family members.

scholarly journals ANALISA KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA TRANSFORMASI PNPM MANDIRI MENJADI PROGRAM KOTA TANPA KUMUH DI KOTA BIMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ida Nurillah ◽  
Wulandari W
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Before And After

Abstract—This research aims to describe the differences in UPK BKM Financial Performance before and after the transformation of PNPM MP into the KOTAKU Program in Bima City. UPK's financial performance is proxied using Loans at Risk (LAR), Portfolio at Risk (PAR), Return on Investment (ROI) and Cost Coverage Ratio (CCr). The type of this research is descriptive analysis. The populationin in this research includes all UPK BKM in Bima City totaling 38 UPK BKM with a sample of 5 UPK BKM. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. This technique is conducted by collecting data with documentation. Moreover, the data analysis technique used in this study is the analysis of the normality test and t-test hypothesis test. The results of the research show that : (1) There are differences in the Loans at Risk (LAR) before and after the transformation of PNPM MP into the KOTAKU Program. (2) There are differences in the Portfolio at Risk (PAR) before and after the transformation of PNPM MP into the KOTAKU Program. (3) There are differences in Return on Investment (ROI) before and after the transformation of PNPM MP into the KOTAKU Program. (4) There are differences in Cost Coverage (CCr) before and after the transformation of PNPM MP into the KOTAKU Program. Keywords:  LAR, PAR, ROI, CCr   Abstrak-Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan perbedaan Kinerja Keuangan UPK BKM sebelum dan sesudah transformasi program PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan menjadi Program KOTAKU di Kota Bima. Kinerja Keuangan UPK diproksikan menggunakan Loan at Risk (LAR), Portofolio at Risk (PAR), Return on Investment (ROI) dan Cost Coverage Ratio (CCr). Jenis penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif. Populasi mencakup seluruh UPK BKM di Kota Bima yang berjumlah 38 UPK BKM dengan sampel berjumlah 5 UPK BKM. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, teknik pengumpulan data dengan dokumentasi dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  analisis uji normalitas dan uji hipotesis t-test. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan        menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat perbedaan pada Loans at Risk (LAR) sebelum dan sesudah transformasi PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan menjadi Program KOTAKU. (2) Terdapat perbedaan pada Portfolio at Risk (PAR) sebelum dan sesudah transformasi PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan menjadi Program KOTAKU. (3) Terdapat perbedaan pada Return on Investment (ROI)    sebelum dan sesudah transformasi PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan menjadi Program KOTAKU. (4) Terdapat perbedaan pada Cost Coverage (CCr) sebelum dan sesudah transformasi PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan menjadi Program KOTAKU.  Kata kunci : LAR, PAR, ROI, CCr.     

scholarly journals Paparan Organopospat Terhadap Kadar Kolinesterase Dalam Darah Petani Sayur

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Entianopa Entianopa ◽  
Renny Listiawaty
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Test Kit

<p><em>Vegetable farmers are one of the populations at risk of experiencing pesticide poisoning due to their activities of spraying using pesticides. This study aims to determine the exposure of organophosphate pesticides to the decrease in the activity of the cholinesterase enzyme in the blood of vegetable farmers. This research is an analytic study with cross sectional approach. The research sample was 88 farmers in Pal Merah Village. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The study was conducted in June to August 2019. The instruments used were questionnaire and Livibond Cholinesterase Test Kit AF267. Data collection techniques by interview and blood examination. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using chi square test. As many as 35 (39.8%) respondents had disguised colinestrase levels, 66 people (75.0%) had a long risk exposure, 41 people (46.6%) had poor knowledge, 20 people (22.7%) were not good in the use of PPE, 39 people (44.3%) had a BMI at risk and 36 people (40.9%) had a smoking habit. The results of bivariate analysis showed that organopathic exposure and smoking habits were related to cholinesterase levels in vegetable farmers. It is recommended that farmers always use PPE, spray in the morning and evening, spray no more than 4 hours a day</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><em>Petani sayur merupakan salah satu populasi yang berisiko mengalami keracunan pestisida akibat aktivitasnya melakukan penyemprotan menggunakan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui paparan pestisida organofosfat terhadap penurunan aktivitas enzim kolinesterase dalam darah petani sayur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah petani yang ada di Kelurahan Pal Merah sebanyak 88 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni s/d Agustus 2019. Intrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dan </em><em>Livibond Cholinesterase Test Kit AF267. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan pemeriksaan darah. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Sebanyak 35 (39,8%) responden memiliki kadar kolinestrase tersamar, 66 orang (75,0%) memiliki lama pajanan berisiko, 41 orang (46,6%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik, 20 orang (22,7%) kurang baik dalam penggunaan APD, 39 orang (44,3%) memiliki IMT berisiko dan 36 orang (40,9%) memiliki kebiasaan merokok. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa paparan organopospat dan kebiasaan merokok berhubungan dengan kadar kolinesterase pada petani sayur. Untuk itu disarankan kepada petani selalu menggunakan APD, menyemprot pada pagi dan sore hari, menyemprot tidak lebih dari 4 jam sehari</em></em></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Implementation of the Prevention of Patients at Risk of a Fall in the General Hospital Melati Perbaungan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
Priska Nancy Claudia Bali ◽  
Ermi Girsang ◽  
Ali Napiah Nasution
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Patient At Risk

The risk of falling is an increased chance of falling which can later lead to physical injury. The risk of falling is every patient who is at risk for falling which is generally caused by environmental and physiological factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of prevention of patients at risk of falling at RSU Melati Perbaungan. This type of research used in this research is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data obtained by using in-depth interview guidelines (depth interview) to the respondents. The population is all nurses in the inpatient room of RSU Melati Perbaungan. The sample used non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique of 10 nurses. From the results, it can be concluded that the nurse understands the assessment of the risk patient, the nurse understands the initial assessment of the patient at risk of falling, the nurse understands the reassessment of the patient at risk of falling, the nurse understands the inhibiting factors (patient, family, and nurse factors), the nurse understands the supporting factors (factors motivation and infrastructure factors). The recommendations obtained based on the author's analysis are the need to conduct education and training for the nurse administrators, increase the number of human resources and education for the patient's family regarding the prevention of falling risk patients. Keywords: Melati Perbaungan General Hospital, Patient at Risk of Falling, In-depth Interview, Hospitalization.

scholarly journals The use of premaxillary bones of six fish species in giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) diet analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Maria del Pilar Becerra Cardona ◽  
Heiddy Asunción Mallea Cardenas ◽  
Paul André Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Bolivian Amazon ◽  
Pteronura Brasiliensis

The premaxillary bones of fish are considered key bones due to their highly differentiated features, allowing the identification to species level. When these bones are present in the latrines of giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), they can be used to identify fish species and estimate the size of prey consumed. We briefly describe the differentiable morphological characteristics of premaxillary bones,useful for the successful identification of six fish species which are important prey for giant otter in the Paraguá river (Bolivian Amazon): Hoplias malabaricus (family Erithrynidae), Serrasalmus rhombeus, Pygocentrus nattereri (family Characidae), Chaetobranchus flavescens, Satanoperca pappaterra and Astronotus crassipinnis (family Cichlidae). We also present the linear regression equations which can be used to estimate the standard length ofthese fish species based on their bone measurements. Overall, 19 latrine samples were analyzed, which contained 109 premaxillarybones of these six species. Of the bones collected, 53% allowed successful estimation of the standard length of the fish consumed. The use of premaxillary bones in diet studies has a high potential as it permits the identification and estimation of prey size for the majority of species consumed. This method is important for studying the size of the giant otter’s fish prey.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document